Kukhona izinganekwane nezinganekwane eziningi ezihlotshaniswa nomusa izilwane - izinyamazane... Ngokuvamile isithombe salokhu inyamazane yetotem ehambisana nemvelo yabesifazane, isisa, ukuvumelana, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ayinalo uhlobo oluthile lwamandla amademoni futhi ifihliwe imfihlakalo. Uhlobo luni lwezinsikazi oluyilo ngempela? Ithenda futhi lisengozini, noma liqinile futhi liyingozi?
Ukubukeka kwe-Doe
Izinyamazana zefusi zimelwe yizinhlobo ezimbili. Okuvame kakhulu I-European fallow deer, kodwa kunenkolelo yokuthi ekuqaleni kwakukhona kuphela uhlobo lwe-Iranian. Ubukhulu besilwane esihlala eYurophu bufinyelela amasentimitha ayi-130-175 ubude namasentimitha angama-80-105 ukuphakama.
Abesilisa izinyamazana isisindo 65-110 kg., Abesifazane 45-70 kg. Isilwane sinomsila, cishe amasentimitha angama-20 ubude, ikhanda leduna lihlotshiswe ngezimpondo, eziba yisigaxa kubantu abadala.
Njengezinye izinhlobo zezinyamazane, lapho owesilisa emdala, kukhula izimpondo zakhe. Zigqokwa kuze kube ngu-Ephreli, bese ziphonswa ngaphandle, futhi izimpondo ezintsha, eziqukethe izinqubo ezimbili, ziqala ukukhula ekhanda. Umbala wezilwane uncike enkathini yonyaka. Ebusika, ikhanda nentamo kumnyama nsundu, izinhlangothi nomhlane kumnyama bhuqe, ingxenye engezansi yomzimba iba mpunga.
Ehlobo i-doe kubukeka buheha kakhulu, njengoba kungahlulelwa isithombe - kuvela amabala amhlophe amhlophe engubeni ekhanyisiwe ezinhlangothini nasemuva, kanti imilenze nesisu kucishe kube mhlophe.
Imvamisa, phakathi kwezinyamazana ezilahlekile, kunezilwane ezimnyama ngokuphelele (melanistic) noma ezimhlophe (albino), okwathi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo zanikezwa amandla amademoni futhi zazithathwa njengezimbangi zemicimbi ehlukahlukene.
Izinyamazane ze-Iranian ezishaywayo azihlukile kuleyo yaseYurophu, ngaphandle uma abesilisa bayo bekhudlwana kancane - kufika kumasentimitha angama-200 ubude. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezinyamazane, isibonelo, izinyamazane ezibomvu, izinyamazane ze-fallow zinemisipha ethuthuke kakhulu, intamo nemilenze kufushane.
Indawo yokuhlala izinyamazana
Izwe lakulezi zinyamazane libhekwa njengeMedithera: iGrisi, iTurkey, eningizimu yeFrance. Izinyamazana ebezihlala phansi zahlala eMaphakathi leSouth Europe, kodwa ngemva kokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, inyamazana le yahlala eAsia Minor, yaqala ukubuyiselwa ekhaya ngabantu.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, lesi silwane sasingeniswa eGrisi, eSpain, e-Italy, futhi kamuva naseNgilandi naseYurophu Ephakathi. Ngekhulu le-13-16 leminyaka kwakuhlala ingxenye yeMpumalanga Yurophu - iLatvia neLithuania, iPoland, ingxenye esentshonalanga yeBelarus. Kulezi zinsuku izinyamazane ziyivelakancane kulezi zindawo.
Izinyamazane ze-fallow nazo zilethwe eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, eChile, ePeru, e-Australia, e-Argentina, eNew Zealand, eJapane, esiqhingini saseMadagascar. Okwamanje, wanyamalala ezindaweni eziningi ebalazweni - wayengasekho eNyakatho Afrika, eGrisi, eSardinia, e-Asia.
Okwamanje, inani lezinyamazane zaseYurophu ezingamatshali angaphezulu kwamakhanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200, kanti elase-Iranian lingamakhulu ambalwa nje futhi liseRed Book. Izinyamazane ze-fallow yisilwane sasehlathini, futhi zikhetha izindawo ezinenqwaba yotshani, izindawo ezivulekile. Uthanda nezihlahlana, inani elikhulu lotshani. Noma, ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene.
Indlela yokuphila yeDoe
Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, izinyamazane ze-fallow zigcinwa zihlukaniswe, noma ngamaqembu amancane. Izinyamazane ezisencane zonyaka zihamba nonina. Umsebenzi uwela emahoreni apholile asekuseni nakusihlwa, lapho inyamazane ye-fallow idla futhi iya emgodini wokunisela.
Ngesikhathi sasemini esishisayo, izinyamazane ze-fallow zihlala emibhedeni yazo, ezihlelwe emthunzini wezihlahla, eduze kwamachibi ahlukahlukene. Lapho zigcinwa hhayi kuphela emlilweni, kodwa futhi nasensinsaneni ecasulayo.
Izinyamazane ze-fallow akusona isilwane esinamahloni kakhulu, asiqapheli kakhulu kunamanye amalungu omndeni. Uma izilwane zihlala emapaki, eduze kwabantu, ziba yizandla ezincane futhi zithathe nokudla ezandleni zazo.
Eduze nobusika, izilwane ziqala ukubuthana emihlambini emikhulu, abesifazane nabesilisa ndawonye. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuqala omunye wemicimbi ebabazekayo emphakathini wezinyamazane - imiqhudelwano yezinyamazane kanye nemishado elandelayo.
Ekulweni kwesifazane, izinyamazane zivame ukuphulana izintamo, kwesinye isikhathi zize zizenzele zona uqobo - zilwa kakhulu. Kwenzeka ukuthi bobabili abaphikisi babhubhe, bavalelwe ngokuqinile ngezimpondo zabo.
Sebewenzile umsebenzi wabo, sebebeke isisekelo sempilo entsha, izinyamazane zesilisa ziyahamba zihlukane. Kepha ezinyangeni ezinzima kakhulu zasebusika, bayahlangana ukuze basinde kulesi sikhathi esinzima nenkampani yabesilisa.
Izinyamazane ze-fallow azithandi ukushiya indawo yazo, futhi kuyaqabukela zidlule imingcele yebanga lazo. Ukuhamba kwabo kwansuku zonke kuncishiselwa emizileni efanayo. Lezi zilwane azikulungele kahle ukuhamba eqhweni ngenxa yemilenze yazo emifushane.
Kepha ngenxa yomqondo othuthukile wokuhogela, bathola kalula izimpande nobulembu obudliwayo ngaphansi kwawo. Izindlebe zabo nazo ziloliwe, kepha umbono wabo ubuthakathaka kancane. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izinyamazane ze-fallow ziyakwazi ukuzwa umuntu ekude ngezinyathelo ezingama-300 futhi uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi bazoba nesikhathi sokuphunyuka, beqa kalula izithiyo ezingafika kumamitha amabili - lezi yizilwane ezisheshayo kakhulu nezihambahambayo. Izinyamazane ze-fallow zingabhukudi abahle, kepha-ke, gwema ngokungadingekile ukungena emanzini.
Ukudla
Izinyamazane ze-fallow ziyizilwane ezidliwayo ezidlayo. Ukudla kwabo kuqukethe imikhiqizo yezitshalo: amaqabunga, amagatsha, amagxolo, utshani.
Ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka nokutholakala kwayo, izinyamazane ze-fallow zidla izitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Ngentwasahlobo, badla ama-snowdrops, i-corydalis, i-anemone, amahlumela amasha we-ash ash, i-maple, i-oki, i-pine kanye nezihlahlana ezahlukahlukene.
Ehlobo, badla amakhowe, ama-acorn, ama-chestnut, amajikijolo, ama-sedges, okusanhlamvu, imidumba nezitshalo zezambulela. Ebusika, ikakhulukazi amagxolo ezihlahla namagatsha awo, angawazuzi amahlathi. Ukugcwalisa izinqolobane zabo, izinyamazane zibheka inhlabathi ecebile usawoti.
Abantu abanentshisekelo yokwandisa inani lezinyamazane ezindaweni ezithile zehlathi babakhela izikhotha zikasawoti zokuzenzela, abaphakeli ngotshani nokusanhlamvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu baphinde babeke izimfunda zezinyamazane ze-fallow, lapho kukhula khona i-clover, i-lupine, i-artichoke yaseJerusalema namanye amakhambi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
NgoSepthemba, izinyamazane ze-fallow ziqala inkathi ye-rutting, futhi ihlala cishe izinyanga ezimbili nohhafu. Abesifazane ababambi iqhaza "ekuhlakalweni" kwamadoda, kepha abesilisa bahlupheka kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yezimpi ezinkulu, kepha nangenxa yokungondleki.
Balahlekelwa isisindo esiningi, baphonsa wonke amandla abo ekugubungeni abesifazane abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Abesilisa bamemeza kakhulu ngecilongo, bethi amalungelo abo kule ndawo, kanye nabesifazane abaklaba kuyo.
Bayathukuthela kakhulu, babe nolaka futhi balahlekelwe ukuqaphela nokuqapha kwabo okujwayelekile. Abantu abadala nabesilisa abanamandla, sebejoyine umhlambi wezinsikazi, baxosha intsha ebuthakathaka, kanti abancane bonyaka bahlala kude nalo lonke lolu daba ukuze baphinde bahlangane nabazali babo kamuva. Ngesizini eyodwa, owesilisa uzomboza abesifazane aba-5-10.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-7.5-8, kanti ngoMeyi, kuvame ukuzalwa ingane eyodwa. Udla ubisi cishe izinyanga ezine, kancane kancane ashintshele ekudleni kwabantu abadala. Lapho ineminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala, inkonyane liyavuthwa ngokocansi. Isikhathi sokuphila sale nyamazane enomusa cishe siyiminyaka engama-25-30.
