I-Hercules beetle Wathola isidlaliso sakhe ngenxa iqhawe lasendulo izinganekwane Greek Hercules, hhayi ngeze. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi kungokwesigaba samabhungane amakhulu, ngokuba ngomunye wabamele abakhulu (iba sesibili ngemuva kwebhungane lomuthi we-titanium, elifakwe eGuinness Book of Records), kodwa futhi liyakwazi ukuhambisa izinto izikhathi eziphindwe kaningana kunesisindo salo. Ososayensi abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lesi sinambuzane sinamandla kakhulu eMhlabeni.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Yini ubukhulu be-hercule beetle, ngoba unamandla angaka futhi uyakwazi ukuphakamisa izinto ezinesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayisishiyagalombili? Usayizi webhungane lensikazi awudluli ku-8 cm, ubude bomzimba besilisa bungaphindwa kabili kunowesifazane bufike ku-18 cm.
Amaphiko endoda angamasentimitha angamashumi amabili. Isisindo sebhungane se-Hercules ingafinyelela ku-111 gram, okuyisibalo esirekhodiwe phakathi kwawo wonke amanye (i-goliath beetle kuphela, isisindo sayo esingavame ukudlula amagremu ayi-100, esingancintisana nayo)
Ukubukeka kwebhungane i-Hercules kuyethusa kakhulu, ngoba, ngokuba nesisindo nobukhulu obumangazayo, abesilisa banophondo olukhulu olunamabala amnyama naphansi ngezansi. Uphondo oluphezulu luqondiswa phambili futhi luguqa kancane phansi.
Isisekelo sophondo nengxenye engezansi, njengomzimba wonke, sigcwele izinwele ezibomvu ezingafani. Insikazi ayinampondo. Ine-elytra enesifo esinombala omnyama we-matte; umzimba ubuye uhlanganiswe izinwele ezinsundu. La mabhungane angabomndeni we-lamellar, ngakho-ke i-elytra yawo inzima.
Umbala wabo uncike ekutheni imvelo inomswakama onjani. Imvamisa imnqumo okhanyayo noma omnyama, ophuzi noma omnyama. Imvamisa umbala we-elytra wabesilisa uqukethe izindawo eziyindilinga, indawo ehlukahluka kuye ngendawo yamabhungane.
Mayelana ne-hercules beetle kungashiwo ngokungangabazeki ukuthi ngokuhlukahluka kombala wayo kunikeze usizo olukhulu kwisayensi. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngenxa yokutholakala kwakamuva kososayensi abakade bebuka abamele la mabhungane ama-lamellar isikhathi eside, kuye kwahlukaniswa izinto ezikhethekile ezishintsha umbala wegobolondo ngasikhathi sinye noshintsho lwendawo yokuhlala, ngokushesha ezivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo.
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu okutholakele kuzoba isisekelo sokusungulwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zezinto okuthiwa zihlakaniphile, ngoba lesi sici sombala wamabhungane singasetshenziswa ngempumelelo njengesibonisi sezinga lomswakama.
I-hercule beetle ikhetha ukuhlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika, namuhla zitholakala ngobuningi eBrazil, eVenezuela, eMexico, eBolivia, eziqhingini zaseCaribbean nasePanama.
Futhi zingatholakala ePeru, eColombia, e-Ecuador nakwamanye amazwe anesimo sezulu esishisayo nenqwaba yamahlathi aswakeme. Ngaphandle kokuthi lesi sinambuzane sitholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo, abantu abaningi bathola indlela yokuthenga ibhungane elibukhoma ngezitolo ezikhethekile zezilwane ezifuywayo nezindawo eziku-inthanethi.
Ipheya labantu abadala abasezingeni eliphakathi nendawo (abesilisa nabesifazane) lizobiza cishe amakhulu amathathu amadola aseMelika. Kulabo ababheka intengo enjalo iphakeme ngokungenangqondo, kunendlela yokuthenga Isibungu se-Hercules beetle, izindleko zazo ezincike esiteji futhi ziba phakathi kwamadola angamashumi amathathu kuye kwikhulu.
Umjikelezo wempilo wesibungu sesigaba sesibili cishe izinsuku ezingama-55, futhi ngokulinywa kwaso, i-terrarium egcwele i-substrate ekhethekile yamabhungane futhi embozwe ngokhuni lwe-drift, izingcezu zamagxolo namagatsha namaqabunga e-oki omisiwe njalo kuyadingeka.
Cishe ezinyangeni ezimbili zokugcina i-terrarium enezinga lokushisa eligcinwe njalo lama-22-25 degrees, izibungu zifinyelela ubukhulu obuqinile futhi zithole isisindo esifinyelela kuma-gramu ayi-130. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kwamabhungane amadala avela ku-cocoon, akufanele uwathinte izinsuku zokuqala ezingama-35-40, ubondle ngezithelo ezivuthwe ngokweqile, ubhanana kanye ne-protein jelly ekhethekile yamabhungane.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukuze kuzalwe futhi kugcinwe amabhungane, kuyadingeka ukuthi ube nolwazi oluthile, ngakho-ke labo abangafuni ukungena emininingwaneni yale nqubo enzima, kungcono ukubabaza imibala isithombe sebhungane, engatholakala ngaphandle kobunzima obukhulu kwi-Intanethi.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Isikhathi esiningi sosuku, amabhungane abesilisa nabesifazane achitha efuna ukudla, ahamba ikakhulu ebusweni bomhlaba. Izinto eziyinhloko zosesho yizibiliboco abazithandayo, okuyizithelo ezibolile nezinkuni ezibolile.
Ukukhula kwamabhungane kwenzeka ngezigaba ezintathu: kuvela isibungu eqandeni, lapho kuvela khona isiphungumangathi. Abantu abadala, abanamandla amakhulu nokubukeka okwesabekayo, ababeki nhlobo ingozi kubantu, futhi lapho behlangana nabo babonisa indlela yokuziphatha engaphazamiseki.
Ukudla
Ukudla kwe-Hercules beetle izithelo ezivuthiwe kakhulu, ikakhulu ezibolile. Lapho isithole isithelo esisodwa, leli bhungane lingazondla ngalo izinsuku ezimbalwa, limunce konke okusemandleni kulo.
Imvamisa, lezi zilwane ezingama-lamellar zihamba phansi, kepha, ngenxa yezidladla zazo ezinamandla, zingakhuphuka kalula esiqwini sesihlahla ukuze zijabulele izithelo ezizithandayo.
Ngesikhathi sokufunwa kokudla, kungashayisana okunzima phakathi kwamabhungane amaningana, bese zisebenzisa zombili izimpondo zazo ezinamandla. Ukusebenza nabo njengama-pincers, abesilisa bangaphusha amagobolondo ezimbangi, ngakho-ke izimpi ezinjalo zivame ukuphela ekufeni komunye wabaphikisi. Izibungu zidla amagxolo abolayo namaqabunga.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, kuvame ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabesilisa ngelungelo lokuba neyodwa noma enye insikazi, njengokujwayelekile, egcina ngokufa komunye wabahlanganyeli.
Abesilisa abawinile nabesifazane, abazalela amaqanda phakathi kwe-substrate ekahle - ukubola kwesihlahla somuthi. Empilweni yakhe yonke, owesifazane uvame ukubeka amaqanda angadluli ikhulu. Izibungu zidla izinkuni ezinzima, ezibolile futhi ziyakwazi ukugaya i-cellulose ngenxa yokuba khona kwamagciwane amancane emathunjini.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili zokukhula, lesi sibungu sifinyelela usayizi omangalisayo kuze kufike ku-19 cm futhi sinesisindo esifinyelela ku-100 gram. Ngenxa yobukhulu bazo, izibungu zebhungane i-Hercules ziyisibiliboco phakathi kwabomdabu bamazwe asezindaweni ezishisayo.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi ibhungane lithathwa njengelikhulu futhi liqine kunawo wonke, isikhathi sokuphila kwalo liyizinyanga eziyisithupha kuphela. Yingakho insikazi izama ukubeka amaqanda amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngalesi sikhathi, iwanikeze izimo ezikhululeke kakhulu.
