IGanges gavial - lena yingwenya enkulu impela emele umndeni we-gavial. Umehluko osobala kakhulu gaviala Kwezinye izingwenya kukhona isifonyo esincanyana kakhulu neside.
Ekuzalweni, ama-gharials amancane awahlukile kakhulu kwizingwenya ezivamile. Imvamisa ububanzi bekhala buba kabili noma kathathu ubude. Kodwa-ke, ngobudala, umlomo we-gavial welula kakhulu futhi uba mncane kakhulu.
Vuliwe izithombe zika gavial uyabona ukuthi ngaphakathi komlomo wayo kunolayini wamazinyo amade kakhulu futhi abukhali akhula emthambekeni omncane ukwenza kube lula ngawo ukubamba nokudla inyamazane.
Ingaphambili lesifonyo emadodeni linwetshiwe ngokuqinile, linokuthile okufana nesengezo, esiqukethe izicubu ezithambile ngokuphelele. Ngesizathu esithile, lokhu kuphuma kakhulu kukhumbuza abantu ngebhodwe lobumba laseNdiya - i-ghara. Lokhu yilokho okunikeze igama kuhlobo lonke: ґavial - konakele "ghVerdana".
Ubude bomzimba besilisa obungu-gavial bungafinyelela kumamitha ayisithupha, futhi ubukhulu kwesinye isikhathi bufinyelela amakhilogremu angamakhulu amabili, kepha, naphezu kobukhulu bayo obumangalisayo, izingwenya ze-gavial azikaze zihlasele abantu.
Esithombeni gavial owesilisa
Abesifazane bancane kakhulu ngosayizi - cishe uhhafu wosayizi wabesilisa. Umbala ngemuva kwe-gavials uluhlaza okotshani ngombala onsundu, futhi isisu, kunalokho, sikhanya kakhulu, siphuzi.
Imilenze yama-gavial ayithuthukisiwe kahle, ngenxa yalokhu, ihamba ngobunzima obukhulu futhi kabi ngokwedlulele emhlabathini futhi ngokuqinisekile ayizingeli. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwalokhu, izingwenya zifika ogwini kaningi - imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka ukuze zifudumale elangeni nasesihlabathini esifudumele noma ngenkathi yokuzalanisa.
Ubunzima be-gavial esemhlabeni bungaphezulu kwesinxephezelo ngobuhle bayo nokushesha kokuhamba emanzini. Ukube bekunomncintiswano wokubhukuda wejubane phakathi kwezingwenya, ama-gavial nakanjani abezolwela igolide.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-gavial
Ngakho-ke Kuphi okufanayo uhlala lesi silo esimangazayo nesithakazelisayo - gavial? AmaGavials ahlala emifuleni ejulile yaseHindustan, Bangladesh, Nepal, India, Pakistan. Babonakala naseMyanmar naseBhutan, kepha izinombolo zabo kule ndawo zincane kakhulu ukuthi abantu bangabalwa ngokoqobo ngakwesinye isandla. Zikhetha ukujula kunemifula engajulile, izingwenya ze-gavial zibheka indawo enenani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlanzi.
Umlingiswa nendlela yokuphila ye-gavial
AmaGavial ahlala emindenini - owesilisa oyedwa unabafazi abancane bezinsikazi eziningana. Futhi njengezingwenya eziningi, ama-gharials ayisibonelo esihle sokuzinikela kwabazali.
Kulokhu, omama bahluke kakhulu, kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhwelana, beqapha izidleke zabo futhi bengazishiyi izingane kuze kube yilapho izingane sezizimele ngokuphelele.
AmaGavial akuzona izidalwa ezinolaka kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, okuhlukile kubo kungaba yizimo lapho kulwelwa ukunakwa kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhwelana noma ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo. Insimu yowesilisa, ngasendleleni, ingaphezulu kakhulu - ukusuka kwamakhilomitha ayishumi nambili kuya kwamashumi amabili ubude.
Ukudla kwe-Gavial
Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ubuvele uziqonda wena, i-gavial ayikwazi ukuzingela noma yiziphi izilwane ezinkulu. Isisekelo sokudla kwe-gavial yabantu abadala siyizinhlanzi, ngezikhathi ezithile izinyoka zamanzi, izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Izilwane ezisencane zidla ama-invertebrate namaxoxo ahlukahlukene.
Imvamisa, izinsalela zomuntu zitholakala esiswini sama-gavial abulewe, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nobucwebe. Kepha ukukuchaza kulula impela - lezi zingwenya ezinhle azinqikazi ukudla izidumbu ezishile noma ezingcwatshwe emifuleni naseduze kwamabhange azo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila se-gavial
AmaGavial aqala ukuvuthwa ngokocansi eneminyaka eyishumi ubudala. Ngeshwa, iningi (amaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalombili) ingwenya gharial ushona engakafiki ngisho eminyakeni emithathu. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ngoNovemba futhi siphela kuphela ekupheleni kukaJanuwari.
Okokuqala, abesilisa bakhetha abesifazane besifazane babo. Izimpi nezimpi zale ntokazi zivame ukwenzeka. Lapho ikhudlwana futhi inamandla owesilisa, kulapho abesifazane bebaningi khona ezinsikazi zakhe. Cishe izinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezine ziyadlula phakathi kokukhulelwa kanye ne-oviposition.
Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi idonsela izingane zayo isidleke esifanele kude ngamamitha amathathu kuya kwamahlanu ukusuka emaphethelweni wamanzi bese izalela lapho kusuka emaqanda angamashumi amathathu kuye kwangamashumi ayisithupha. Isisindo seqanda elilodwa singafinyelela kuma-gramu ayi-160, okungaphezulu kakhulu kwezinye izihlobo zengwenya. Ngemuva kwalokho, isidleke sifihliwe - siyangcwatshwa noma simbozwe ngezinto zokutshala.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili nohhafu, ama-gavialchiks amancane azalwa. Insikazi ayifaki izingane emanzini, kepha iyazinakekela inyanga yokuqala, ibafundisa konke okudingekayo ukuze baphile. Impilo esemthethweni yama-gharials yiminyaka engama-28, kepha ngenxa yabazingeli abangekho emthethweni, cishe akunakwenzeka ukufeza lesi sibalo.
Esikhathini amawundlu gavial isithombe
Izilwane zeGharial okwethulwe encwadini ebomvu yomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, ukungcoliswa komhlaba wonke kwemifula, ukudonsa amanzi, ukubhujiswa kwezindawo zabo zokuhlala kwaba nomthelela omubi enanini labo. Nsuku zonke, ukuhlinzekwa kokudla okulungele bona kuyehla ngokusobala, ngakho-ke, inani lama-gavials ngokwawo lisondela ngokungazelelwe ku-zero.
Ngaphezu kwezinto zemvelo, ama-gharials ajwayele ukuba yizisulu zabazingeli abazingela abazingelayo ngamakhala abesilisa, kanye nangamaqanda ezingwenya. Amaqanda eGavial asetshenziselwa ukwelapha ezinye izifo, futhi ukukhula kwamakhala, ukwahlulela izinganekwane zezizwe zasendaweni, kuyasiza kakhulu kwabesilisa ukubhekana namandla abo.
Eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa yekhulu eledlule eNdiya (futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana eNepal uqobo lwayo), kwamukelwa iphrojekthi kahulumeni ngezindlela nezindlela zokulondoloza inani labantu abakhona.
Ngenxa yalomthetho omusha, kwavulwa amapulazi amaningi ezingwenya, agxile kakhulu ekutshaleni ama-gharials. Ngenxa yalesi senzo, kusukela lapho inani lezingwenya lenyuke cishe izikhathi ezingama-20.
Izinkomba ezikhethekile zanikezwa ngokususelwa kwimiphumela yomsebenzi eRoyal Chitavan National Park, lapho, lapho kuhlangana khona imifula emibili - iRapti neRue - izama ukugcina izimo ezifanele zokuphila nokuzala kabusha kweGanges gavial nengwenya yexhaphozi. Izibikezelo zamathuba okululama kwalezi zinhlobo zezingwenya zinethemba elikhulu.
