UKharza (owaziwa nangokuthi Ussuri marten noma esifubeni esiphuzi) Ingabe isilwane esidlayo esincelisayo somndeni wama-mustelids, futhi siyizinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwalolu hlobo futhi sihlukaniswa ngombala ohlaba umxhwele futhi ongajwayelekile.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Umzimba we-harza uguquguquka kalula, unemisipha futhi uvulekile, unentamo ende nekhanda eliphakathi nendawo. Isifonyo sikhonjisiwe, nezindlebe zincane maqondana nekhanda.
Ubude bomsila wesilwane bucishe bube yizingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zobude bomzimba, izidladla ezinezinyawo ezibanzi nezinzipho ezibukhali. Isisindo sisuka ku-2.4 kuye ku-5.8 kg, abesilisa bavame ukuba bakhulu kunabesifazane ngengxenye yesithathu, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nengxenye.
Ungahlukanisa i-kharza kwabanye abameleli be-weasel ngombala wayo ogqamile, ongenakulibaleka.
Umbala wesilwane uhluka ngokweqile futhi wehlukile kumbala wezinye izihlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zemibala. Isifonyo kanye nengxenye engenhla yekhanda kuvame ukuba mnyama, ingxenye engezansi yekhanda kufaka phakathi imihlathi imhlophe.
Ijazi elisemzimbeni we-harza linomthunzi omnyama wegolide, uphenduka ube nsundu kuzidladla nomsila. Abantu abasha banombala okhanyayo, oba mnyama kakhulu ngeminyaka.
IKharzu itholakala eGreater Sunda Islands, ePeninsula yaseMalay, e-Indochina noma emagqumeni aseHimalaya. Isatshalaliswa naseNdiya, e-Iran, ePakistan, eNepal, eTurkey, eChina naseNhlonhlweni yaseKorea.
I-Afghanistan, iDagestan, i-North Ossetia, iziqhingi zaseTaiwan, iSumatra, iJava, i-Israel neGeorgia zisendaweni yalezi zilwane ezidla ezinye. ERussia, i-harza ihlala ezifundeni zase-Amur, Krasnoyarsk, Krasnodar naseKhabarovsk. Namuhla, i-marten enesifuba esiphuzi nayo iyavela eCrimea (isivele ibonwe kaningi endaweni eseduze neYalta neMassandra).
UKharza uthanda kakhulu ukuhlala endaweni eseduze namanzi. Uhlobo olungajwayelekile njenge UNilgir kharza, itholakala ngokukhethekile engxenyeni eseningizimu yeNdiya, ngakho-ke ungayibona kuphela ngemva kokuvakashela izifunda okungahambeki kuzo kuleli.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila ye-harza
UKharza uhlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini asendle anezihlahla ezide. Emazweni ashisayo, isondela eduze ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi, futhi ezindaweni ezisezintabeni ihlala ezihlahleni zemijunipha nasezihlahleni ezifihlwe phakathi kwezindawo ezinamadwala. UKharza ugwema abantu futhi uzama ukuhlala kude namadolobha nezigodi. Futhi akazithandi izindawo ezibandayo nezineqhwa ngokuba khona kwakhe.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zemartens, lesi silwane asiboshelwe endaweni ethile futhi akuvamile ukuthi siphile impilo yokuhlala phansi, ngaphandle kwabesifazane baseHorza ngesikhathi sokuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuncelisa.
Ngaphakathi njengoba harza– marten esidla inyamazane, ngenkathi sifuna inyamazane, sihamba amakhilomitha angamashumi amabili ngosuku, futhi ekuphumuleni sikhetha izindawo ezinde ezifana nomsele wedwala noma umgodi wesihlahla eside esise-windbreak esingafinyeleleki lapho kungena khona umuntu. Kukholakala ukuthi i-Ussuri martens cishe ayikaze inamathele ezindaweni zokuhlala unomphela, ikhetha ukuhola impilo yokuphila njengemihambima.
I-Harza ivame ukuhlangana ngamaqembu amancane.
UKharza uhamba ikakhulu emhlabathini, yize esezindaweni eziphakeme uzizwa ekhululekile, ekhuphuka ngokukhululekile ngeziqu zemithi ebushelelezi futhi eqa phakathi kwabo ebangeni elifinyelela kumamitha ayishumi. Ama-Ussuri martens azingelwa ikakhulukazi ngamaqembu (imvamisa kusuka kubantu abathathu kuya kwabahlanu), yingakho abhekwa njengezilwane zomphakathi.
Kulokhu, izindima zabo enqubeni yokuzingela yehlukanisiwe: abanye bafaka inyamazane esicupheni, lapho amanye "amaqabane" esevele eyilindile. Ngesikhathi sokujaha, zihlala zikhipha imisindo efana nokukhonkotha kwezinja, okusobala ukuthi zinokusebenzisana.
Ama-martens aphethwe amabala aphuzi nawo angakha imibhangqwana eshadile futhi ahlelwe ngamaqembu hhayi ngokuzingela kuphela, kepha nangokuzilibazisa ngokuhlanganyela.
Ukudla kwe-Harza
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-harza iyisilwane esidla ezinye, futhi yize kungabhekwa njengesilwane esidla umhlanganiso, ukudla kwaso okuyinhloko kuqukethe cishe ama-96% wokudla kwezilwane.
UKharza angadla omabili amagundane amancane, izingwejeje, izinja ze-raccoon, amasables, ama-hares, ama-pheasants, ama-hazel grouses, izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene, ama-molluscs, izinambuzane, nezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu njengezinkomo zasendle, izinyamazane zezinyamazane, izindololwane, izinyamazane nezinyamazane ezibomvu.
Ngokudla kwezitshalo, uKharza ukhetha izithelo, amantongomane namajikijolo. I-Ussuri marten nayo iyathanda ukuzitika ngoju, ifaka umsila wayo esidlekeni sezinyosi bese iyayikhotha.
Ngenkathi ebandayo, izilwane ziphambuka ngamaqembu ngokuzingela ngokuhlanganyela, lapho kufika intwasahlobo, i-harza iya kwezokuhweba okuzimele futhi izibandakanye ekutholeni ukudla iyodwa.
Yize ukudla kwama-martens aphethwe amabala aphuzi kukhulu kakhulu, kusuka kumagundane amancane nasenyamazane ye-sika kuya kumantongomane kaphayini nezinhlobonhlobo zamajikijolo, izinyamazane ze-musk zihlonishwa ngokukhethekile, ezivame ukuwungena embhedeni womfula ofriziwe ukuze isilwane silahlekelwe ukuhlangana kwaso ngenkathi sisebusweni obushelelayo , futhi, ngokufanele, yaba isisulu esilula sekharza.
IHarza ingahlasela izinkukhu ifuna inyamazane
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuzalela se-Ussuri martens singo-Agasti. Abesilisa bavame ukulwela abesifazane, balwele bona. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuhlala izinsuku eziyi-120, ngemuva kwalokho uzitholela indawo yokukhosela ephephile, lapho aletha khona inzalo yenani lamathole amathathu kuya kwamahlanu.
Ukunakekela izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa nakho kwehlela kakhulu emahlombe omama, insikazi ayondli nje kuphela inzalo, kodwa futhi iyazifundisa nokuzingela namanye amaqhinga adingekayo ukuze kuqhubeke kuphila endle.
Amathole achitha isikhathi nonina kuze kube cishe entwasahlobo elandelayo, ngemuva kwalokho ashiye isidleke sabazali. Abesifazane baseHarza bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi beneminyaka emibili.
Ama-martens amabele aphuzi yizilwane zomphakathi futhi akha imibhangqwana eshadile engahlukani kukho konke ukuphila kwabo. Njengoba empeleni kungekho zitha endaweni yemvelo ye-kharza, ziwuhlobo lwesibindi eside futhi ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu kuya kwengamashumi amabili, noma ngaphezulu.
Thenga uKharza Kunenkinga enkulu, ikakhulukazi ngoba lesi silwane esokungajwayelekile futhi sifakiwe kuhlu lokuhweba kwamazwe omhlaba ngezinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala isithombe sekharza futhi ungayikhiphi le marten yemizulane endaweni yayo yemvelo.
