Mhlawumbe, cishe wonke umuntu uyazi inhlanzi enjalo njenge sabrefish... Imvamisa, singakucabanga ngesimo esomile emashalofini ezitolo ezahlukahlukene. Ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu kwe-sabrefish kujwayelekile kithi, kepha hhayi wonke umuntu owazi ngomsebenzi wezinhlanzi. Ake sizame ukuveza lo mhlali wasemanzini kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, singalinganisi kuphela izici zangaphandle, kepha futhi, ngitadishe imikhuba, izindawo zokuhlala unomphela, zonke izinhlobo zesikhathi sokuzala kanye nokudla kwezinhlanzi okuthandayo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Chekhon
IChekhon ingeyenhlobo yesikole yezinhlanzi zomndeni we-carp. Kuhlobo lwayo, iSabrefish, luhlobo olulodwa kuphela. Ngenxa yomthethosisekelo wayo oblong, i-saberfish ifana ngesimo ne-saber egobile, kepha ayifani nakancane ne-carp-bellied and wide carp. Ukuhamba kahle kakhulu kukholamu lamanzi kusiza inhlanzi ngomzimba wayo oyisicaba ezinhlangothini.
Abantu bavame ukubiza i-sabrefish:
- IsiCzech;
- isifiki;
- i-casserole;
- isaber;
- eceleni;
- izikali;
- isaber;
- nge-cleaver.
IChekhon ihlukaniswa njengenhlanzi yasemanzini angenasawoti, kepha izwakala kahle emanzini olwandle anosawoti. I-Chekhon ingahlukaniswa ukuhlala phansi kanye ne-semi-anadromous. Ngaphandle, awehlukile, kuphela owokugcina unokukhula okusebenzayo futhi okusheshayo. Izikole ezihlala izinhlanzi zihlala emanzini amaningi angenasawoti kukho konke ukuphila kwazo. I-semi-anadromous sabrefish izwa kamnandi emanzini anosawoti futhi anosawoti olwandle (ngokwesibonelo, i-Aral neCaspian). Izinhlanzi ezinjalo zishiya amanzi olwandle ngokufika kwesikhathi sokuzala.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abathanda ukudoba ikakhulukazi bayayithanda iCaspian ne-Azov chekhon. Izinhlanzi zeDon nazo zihlukaniswa ngosayizi omkhulu nokuqukethwe okunamafutha, okungenakushiwo ngeVolga sabrefish, inyama yayo enciphile, nobukhulu bayo buncane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-sabrefish amaningi ahlala emanzini anosawoti olwandle, ithanda ukuzala kuphela emizimbeni yamanzi ahlanzekile, imvamisa ukunqoba amakhilomitha amaningi ukuze ifike ezindaweni zokuzalela.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zeChekhon
Njengoba sekushiwo, i-sabrefish inomthethosisekelo ofana ne-saber onogwaja olunezici ezansi. Umzimba wonke wenhlanzi uthotshisiwe maqondana nezinhlangothi, umugqa oyisicaba womgogodla kanye nesisu esivelile kuyabonakala kahle, ikhiye lakhona elingenazo izikali. Ubude be-sabrefish bungaba yingxenye yemitha (kwesinye isikhathi kungaphezulu kancane), futhi isisindo - kuze kufike kumakhilogremu amabili, inhlanzi enkulu kangako ayivamile. Isisindo esimaphakathi se-sabrefish cishe ngama-gramu angama-500.
Ividiyo: Chekhon
Inhloko yezinhlanzi incane, ngakho-ke amehlo asayizi amakhulu avele kuyo, nomlomo, kunalokho, mncane, uphakamisela phezulu. IChekhon inamazinyo womphimbo ahlelwe ngemigqa emibili; amazinyo abonakala ngokuba khona kwamanothi amancane. Amaphiko ezinhlanzi ze-sabrefish ahlelwe ngendlela eyinqaba, ama-pectorals enwetshiwe kakhulu, ngemuva kunomphetho omncane osendaweni engekude kakhulu ne-caudal. I-anal fin inesimo esingajwayelekile, ubude bayo bude kakhulu kunemuva, ngesiphetho esincanyana ilingana cishe nomsila uqobo. Izikali zezinhlanzi zikhulu impela, kepha ziyawa kalula lapho zithintwa.
Ekhuluma ngombala we-sabrefish, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uhla olugqamile lapha yi-gamut emhlophe eyisiliva, enombala othile kamama weparele. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda esinjalo, igebe elimpunga onsundu noma oluhlaza okotshani ligqame ngokugqamile. Amaphiko ahluka ngombala kusuka kokumpunga kuya kobomvu obomvu. Amaphiko wepectoral anombala ophuzi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo:Inhlanzi ikweleta ubukhazikhazi bayo obukhulu nekhono lesikali sokucwebezela, kukhanye imisebe yokukhanya kwimfihlo yesikhumba eyingqayizivele - i-guanine, enezici zefilimu yesibuko se-oxide.
Ihlala kuphi i-sabrefish?
Isithombe: Chekhon emfuleni
IChekhon ithanda isikhala nobubanzi bomhlaba, ngakho-ke ikhetha amadamu amakhulu futhi ajulile, ahlangana ezinhlelweni ezinkulu zemifula nezindawo zokugcina amanzi. Le nhlanzi isatshalaliswa kabanzi kusukela eBaltic kuye eBhesini loLwandle Olumnyama. Amanzi athandwayo ahlala i-sabrefish yilawa: iLadoga, amachibi i-Ilmen ne-Onega, iGulf of Finland, imifula iSvir neNeva - konke lokhu kuthinta izindawo ezisenyakatho zezindawo zokuhlala izinhlanzi.
Engxenyeni eseningizimu yebanga, i-sabrefish ikhethe amasistimu omfula olwandle olulandelayo:
- Azovsky;
- ICaspian;
- Aral;
- Mnyama.
I-Chekhon iyinhlanzi yemizimba eminingana yamanzi ahlanzekile, atholakala e-Asia kanye nobukhulu be-Europe, izinhlanzi zihlala:
- IVolga;
- I-Boog;
- Dnieper;
- Kuru;
- Kuban;
- Don;
- UTerek;
- ISyrdarya;
- U-Amu Darya.
Ngokuqondene nezinqolobane zamanye amazwe, i-sabrefish itholakala ePoland, eBulgaria, eSweden, eFinland, e-Austria, eJalimane naseHungary. Imihlambi ye-sabrefish isatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezijulile zamachibi, imifula nezindawo zokugcina amanzi. Isigqila sithanda amanzi agobhozayo, sikhetha izindawo ezibanzi kakhulu zemizimba yamanzi ezinokungahambi kahle ezansi nezimbobo eziningi. I-sabrefish yeselula ihamba ngokuhamba kahle emanzini, ihamba ngezicucu zonke ezibhukuda ziye ngasogwini kuphela ngesikhathi sokudla.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Imvamisa, i-sabrefish ithatha izingqimba zamanzi eziphakathi.
Inhlanzi iphinde izame ukudlula ezindaweni ezikhule kakhulu ngotshani bamanzi, izindawo ezinodaka, kuthi ebusuku iye ekujuleni.
Idlani isabrefish?
Isithombe: Chekhon eRussia
I-sabrefish iphuma izingela kusukela ekuseni kakhulu futhi kusihlwa, inhlanzi ithanda ukulunywa:
- zooplankton;
- inhlanzi ethosiwe;
- izinambuzane ezindizayo (omiyane, amabhungane, ojekamanzi);
- izibungu zezinambuzane;
- izimbotshana;
- i-roach;
- mfiliba;
- i-caviar;
- izibungu.
Lapho kubanda kakhulu, i-sabrefish iyanqikaza ukondla, futhi ingahle yenqabe nokudla isikhashana. Kwenzeka okufanayo ngesikhathi sokuzala. Kepha lapho kuphela isikhathi sokukhwelana, i-sabrefish iqala i-zhor engakholeki. Lapho izingela, inhlanzi ibhukuda phakathi kukafry ngokuzola okuphelele, ngaphandle kokukhombisa ubudlova, bese kuthi ngokuphuma okucijile nangombani kuhlasele isisulu, sikuhudulele kukholamu lamanzi.
Uma sikhuluma ngokudoba, lapha abadobi basebenzisa izinhlobonhlobo zezingibe ezahlukene ukubamba i-sabrefish ethandekayo. Phakathi kwezithiyo, izimpethu, izintethe, izimpethu zegazi, ubulongwe kanye nezimpethu zomhlaba, izimpukane, izimpukane, ojekamanzi, izibawu, izithiyo eziphilayo, njll. Kusetshenziswa imenyu yezinhlanzi ezincane, ama-plankton nezibungu, izinambuzane eziwela emanzini ziyabonakala kakhulu. I-Chekhon ihlukaniswa ngesici esisodwa esithakazelisayo: lapho igcwele, igxila ekujuleni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: IChekhon iyakwazi ukubamba izinambuzane ezizungeza ngaphezu kwamanzi, khona kanye endizeni, inhlanzi igxuma iphume kukholamu lamanzi, ibambe isidlo sayo bese izulazula ibuyele ekhaya.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Chekhon ovela eRed Book
Sesivele sithole ukuthi ezinye zezinhlanzi zihlukaniswa njenge-semi-anadromous, isikhathi esiningi zifakwa ezindaweni ezisogwini ezinothe ngokudla okuhlukahlukene. Enye ingxenye ye-sabrefish ihlala phansi, cishe ayihlukile kweyedlule. UChekhon uhola impilo ehlangene, ekhetha ukuba khona komhlambi. Ukuhluma kwale nhlanzi kwenzeka kuphela emanzini amasha, imvamisa i-sabrefish inqoba ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayikhulu ukufika ezindaweni ezizalela kuzo.
IChekhon ikhetha amadamu anendawo yokusiza engezansi, embozwe ngenqwaba yemigodi. Kuzo, inhlanzi ichitha ubusuku, ilinda isimo sezulu esibi nezinsuku ezinesithwathwa, ifihle ukushisa okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, isabrefish isebenza ekuseni kakhulu, ntambama nakusihlwa. Kuya ngezici zokudla kwakhe. Izinhlanzi zizingela amafry noma izinambuzane ezindaweni ezingaphezulu noma eziphakathi zamanzi. IChekhon ingabizwa ngokuqapha, ayivamisile ukubhukuda iye ngasogwini futhi izama ukugwema amanzi angajulile. Le nhlanzi izizwa ikhululekile futhi ikhululekile ekujuleni okuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-5 kuye kwangama-30, lapha ingakhululeka futhi ingabi nandaba.
Ukuba khona kwama-rapids kanye nemifantu emfuleni akwesabisi i-sabrefish, kunalokho, uthanda izindawo ezinjalo, ngoba unamandla okuhamba kahle nokuzinza, i-deft iphonsa ukuhlwitha izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, gazinga nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ezivela ekugelezeni kwamanzi okusheshayo. Ngokufika kukaSepthemba, i-sabrefish iqala ukudla kakhulu, ilungiselela ubusika, bese iya ekujuleni. Kumele kungezwe ukuthi ngisho nasebusika obubandayo izinhlanzi ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza futhi zibanjwe zisuka ngaphansi kweqhwa.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Chekhon
Abesifazane be-sabrefish bavuthwa ngokocansi lapho beneminyaka emithathu, khona-ke isisindo sabo kufanele sibe okungenani amagremu ayi-100, abesilisa bakulungele ukuzalanisa eminyakeni emibili ubudala. Ukuvuthwa kwezinhlanzi kuncike kakhulu ezindaweni ezithile zokuhlala kwazo, ngakho-ke ezifundeni eziseningizimu, i-sabrefish ingaqala ukuzala inonyaka owodwa noma emibili, enyakatho le nqubo ingabambezeleka kuze kube ukuqala kweminyaka engu-4 noma emihlanu.
Ngentwasahlobo, izinhlanzi zihlangana ezikoleni ezinkulu, zifudukela ezindaweni zokuzalela. Le nkathi ingahlala ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni, konke kuncike ezimweni zezulu zesifunda esithile. Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokubeletha siyizinsuku ezine, izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingahluka kusuka kuma-degree ayi-13 kuye kwangama-20 ngesibonakaliso sokuhlanganisa. Ngokuzala, i-sabrefish ikhetha izindawo ezinemifantu nezicucu, lapho umsinga ushesha khona, ubeke amaqanda ekujuleni kwe-1 - 3 m. Amaqanda ezinhlanzi asobala futhi yi-2 mm ububanzi. I-Chekhon ibhekwa njengomhlabathi ovundile kakhulu futhi ingakhiqiza kusuka emaqandeni ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi kuya kweziyizinkulungwane eziyi-150, konke kuncike ebudaleni benhlanzi. Amaqanda e-sabrefish awanamatheli ezitshalweni ezingaphansi kwamanzi nasemigqondweni enamadwala, athwalwa ngomfula ngokugeleza kwamanzi, lokhu kubanikeza umoya-mpilo odingekayo ukuze kuthuthuke ngokugcwele. Izinsikazi ezikhukhule amaqanda nazo ziyathathwa nazo njengamanje.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu, izibungu ziyavela emaqandeni, eziqhubeka nokuhamba nokugeleza kwamanzi. Mayelana nalokhu, gazinga bahamba amabanga amade ukusuka lapho kuzalwelwa khona, lapho beba nezinsuku ezingama-20 ubudala, sebevele baqala ukondla iplankton. Esikhathini esingangonyaka, ama-sabrefish amancane angakhula aze afike kuma-cm ayi-10. Kuphela lapho inhlanzi ineminyaka eyisithupha ubudala lapho ingafinyelela kuma-gramu angama-400. Impilo yezinhlanzi ye-sabrefish icishe ibe yiminyaka eyi-13.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-sabrefish izala ekuphumeni kwelanga, lapho isembozo senkungu yasekuseni sisemboze ubuso bamanzi. Le nqubo yenzeka ngendlela engajwayelekile: inhlanzi ingagxumela phezulu iphume kukholamu lamanzi, umsindo kanye ne-splash evela kuma-sabrefish agcwele izwakala yonke indawo, futhi yona uqobo ivame ukuphuma emanzini.
Izitha zemvelo ze-sabrefish
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zeChekhon
I-sabrefish inabahlaseli abangafanele ngokwanele, abasha, abangenalwazi nabancane ngosayizi, ikakhulukazi abakwazi ukuzivikela futhi abasengozini. Izinhlanzi ezidliwayo azidli ngokuthokoza hhayi ama-sabrefish amancane kuphela, kepha namaqanda awo.
Izitha ze-sabrefish zifaka:
- pike;
- ipiki perch;
- isisekelo.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezidla ezinye, ingozi ilindele i-sabrefish evela emoyeni, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokudla emanzini, izinhlanzi zingaba izisulu zezinhlanzi nezinye izinyoni zamanzi. Ngaphezu kwabo bonke laba bantu abangenhla abangabafuni, i-sabrefish ingahlushwa izifo ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane lapho le nhlanzi ingenwa khona.
Noma yini umuntu angayisho, isitha sezinhlanzi esingenelisi kakhulu esiyingozi umuntu okuthi, ngenkathi edoba, abambe ama-saber amaningi kakhulu esebenzisa amanetha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le nhlanzi idume ngokunambitheka okungenakuqhathaniswa, futhi izinzuzo zokuyidla ayinakuphikwa. Okuqukethwe kwekhalori okuphansi, kuhlanganiswe nohla lwamavithamini amaningi kanye nama-macronutrients, kunomphumela omuhle emzimbeni womuntu, kulungisa izinqubo ze-metabolic, kuqinisa uhlelo lwamathambo, kwehlise amazinga e-cholesterol, futhi kususwe ama-acid amaningi ayingozi.
I-sabrefish ihlupheka hhayi kuphela ekubanjweni kwezimboni, kodwa futhi nakubadobi abavamile, abasebenza njalo, bezama ukuthola ukubamba okukhulu. Babamba i-sabrefish ngezingibe ezahlukene kanye nezithiyo besebenzisa induku yokuntanta, induku yokuphotha, imbongolo (feeder). Inketho yokugcina ibhekwa njengeyethembisa kakhulu futhi esebenza kahle. Abathandi bokudoba kudala bafunda yonke imikhuba nokulutha kwe-sabrefish, bayazi ukuthi ukuluma okusebenzayo kakhulu kuqala ekuseni, lapho izinhlanzi zimatasa zondla.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Chekhon eRussia
Njengoba sivele saqonda, i-sabrefish ihola isikole, impilo ehlanganyelwe, indawo yokuhlala izinhlanzi ibanzi impela, kepha maqondana nenombolo ayifani. Kwezinye izifunda (inombolo) inkulu, kwezinye ayibalulekile. Kuqaphele ukuthi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zombuso wethu (i-Ilmen, iLadoga, i-Onega, njll.) ISabrefish ihlukaniswa ngabantu abaningi.
Emgodini woLwandle iCaspian, izichyyyyists zithole inani labantu be-sabrefish - i-Ural neVolga, izinhlanzi zihluka ngosayizi nobudala kuphela. Abaphenyi baqaphela ukuthi izikole zeVolga sabrefish ziningi kakhulu futhi zigcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani labantu baseVolga, uma silifanisa ne-Ural, lahlala ezindaweni zamanzi eziningi kakhulu. Kunobufakazi bokuthi i-Azov sabrefish nayo iningi, yakha inani elikhulu labantu elihlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ze-Azov, lapho izikole zezinhlanzi zigijimela khona eDon.
Hhayi yonke indawo lapho isimo nenani lemfuyo ye-sabrefish sihamba kahle, kunezindawo lapho inani lezinhlanzi lehle kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuvinjelwa kokubanjiswa kwalo kwethulwa lapho. Lezi zifunda zifaka iMoscow kanye nesifunda saseMoscow, lapho kusukela ngo-2018 kungavunyelwe ngokuphelele ukubamba ama-sabrefish emanzini endawo. Izinto ezilandelayo zifakiwe kuhlu lwezindawo ezifanayo zokuphepha:
- Isifunda saseBryansk;
- amaDonets asenyakatho;
- ukufinyelela okuphezulu kwe-Dnieper;
- IChibi i-Chelkar (Kazakhstan).
Kuzo zonke izindawo ezingenhla nemizimba yamanzi, ukudotshwa kwe-sabrefish akuvunyelwe, ngenxa yobuningi bayo, kwezinye izindawo le nhlanzi inikezwe isikhundla sokuba sengozini, ngakho-ke idinga izindlela ezithile zokuzivikela.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-sabrefish
Isithombe: Chekhon ovela eRed Book
Ezifundeni eziningi ezihlukile, isabrefish iyinhlanzi encane, inani lalo lehle kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene: ukujula kwemizimba yamanzi, ukubanjwa ngobuningi kanye nokuwohloka kwesimo semvelo ngokujwayelekile. Mayelana nalesi simo, i-sabrefish ibhalwe kuRed Books esifundeni saseMoscow, eTver, Kaluga naseBryansk. Izinhlanzi zivikelwe ezindaweni eziphezulu ze-Dnieper, emaDonets aseNyakatho, endaweni yamanzi echibini laseKazakh i-Chelkar. Izizathu zenani elincane le-sabrefish ezifundeni ezisohlwini nazo zingabangelwa izici zesici sale nhlobo yezinhlanzi, ezithanda imifula emikhulu, ejulile yezifunda eziningi eziseningizimu.
Manje i-sabrefish ivame ukukhuliswa ngokuzimela, ezimweni zokufakelwa, yize singekho isidingo esikhethekile sokuzala okunjalo.
Izinyathelo ezinkulu zokuzivikela ezinomthelela ekwandeni kwemfuyo ye-sabrefish zifaka:
- ukwethulwa kokuvinjelwa kokudoba kulezo zindawo lapho inani labantu lehle kakhulu;
- ukwandisa izinhlawulo zokubanjwa ngokungemthetho kwe-sabrefish;
- ukuqhuba umsebenzi wokukhankasa phakathi kwabadobi, ukwazisa ngokungavumelekile ukubamba izilwane ezisencane kanye nefry ye-sabrefish ezosetshenziswa njengelithi (lolo olubukhoma) lokudoba izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidla ezinye;
- ukwenziwa ngcono kwesimo semvelo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zamanzi ngokujwayelekile;
- ukuhlonza nokuvikela izindawo lapho izinhlanzi zizalela khona.
Ekugcineni, kusala ukwengeza ukuthi i-sabrefish ivame ukuhlupheka ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okuhle, inyama enempilo, lapho kungalungiswa khona izinhlobo eziningi zezitsha. Manje sifunde ngale nhlanzi hhayi kuphela ohlangothini lwe-gastronomic, kodwa futhi sabheka zonke izilinganiso ezibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yayo, sifunde izinto eziningi ezithokozisayo nezifundisayo. Hhayi ngeze sabrefish I-fish-saber noma i-saber iqanjwe ngegama, ngoba impela ngesimo sayo esiyindilinga futhi esigobile kancane, esinokukhanya kwesiliva esikalini, kufana nalesi sikhali esidala esinqenqemeni.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 05.04.
Usuku lokuvuselela: 15.02.2020 ngo-15: 28
