Akukho nolulodwa uhlobo loshaka olukhona olufana nokhokho basendulo njengokuthi ushaka we-sixgill... Abatshuzi be-scuba abanesibindi, lapho behlangana kungalindelekile, zama ukugibela ushaka oyindida futhi ongenabungozi. Isidalwa sasolwandle sihlaba umxhwele ngosayizi waso. Ithuba lokuhlangana naye kukholamu lamanzi lijabulisa ukucabanga, njengomhlangano ne-dinosaur.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ushaka weSixgill
I-sixgill shark iyinhlobo enkulu kunazo zonke emndenini we-polygill, uhlobo lohlobo lwezinhlanzi ezihlwabusayo. Ososayensi bathole izinhlobo ezi-8 zoshaka bama-gill ayisithupha, kodwa zimbili kuphela namuhla ezihamba olwandle, kanti ezinye ziye zanyamalala kudala.
Izinhlobo ezikhona:
- i-gibber enekhanda elimnyama noma ompunga we-six-gill shark;
- ushaka we-gill eyisithupha omkhulu.
Iqembu le-polygill libhekwa njengelidala kakhulu futhi lingelinye lasendulo kakhulu.
Ividiyo: I-Sixgill Shark
Njengabo bonke abamele uhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezi-cartilaginous, i-hexagill inezici eziningi zazo:
- abanaso isinye sokubhukuda;
- amaphiko avundlile;
- umzimba wabo umbozwe izikali ze-placoid;
- ugebhezi luyisigaxa ngokuphelele.
Ukushuba kwe-Hexgill kusiza ekugcineni isibindi esikhulisiwe, esinamafutha amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze bangaminzi, oshaka bahlala behamba kukholamu lamanzi, besekela umzimba wabo omkhulu ngosizo lwamaphiko. Izinsalela ezindala kakhulu zalezi zidalwa zitholakale ezindaweni ezisuka ePermian, ekuqaleni kweJurassic. Namuhla, izinhlobo ezingama-33 zoshaka we-polygill zithathwa njengeziphelile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngenxa yokuhamba kancane nobukhulu bayo, abamele lezi zinhlobo bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi oshaka bezinkomo. Bangaphansi kokudoba, kepha inani labo aliphezulu kakhulu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani ushaka wesithupha
Usayizi wezinhlobo ezithile zikashaka ompunga we-sixgill ungadlula amamitha ayi-5 ngobunzima obungaphezu kwamakhilogremu angama-400. Ama-subspecies anamehlo amakhulu mancane. Ngokuya ngezici zendawo yokuhlala, umbala womzimba kashaka ungahluka: kusuka kokumpunga okukhanyayo kuye kokusundu okumnyama.
Bonke abantu banesisu esilula nomugqa oveziwe we-lateral kuwo wonke umzimba. Isiphetho esisodwa sangemuva sifuduselwa e-caudal, isiqu sakhona sifushane kakhulu, futhi i-lobe ephezulu inkulu futhi inenothi yesici. Ama-branchial slits ayisithupha atholakala ezinhlangothini zombili zomzimba phambi kwamaphiko wepectoral.
Umzimba ngokwawo uvulekile, u-fusiform omncane. Impumulo mfushane futhi ibuthuntu. Engxenyeni engenhla yekhanda elibanzi kukhona imbobo eyindilinga - inkomishi ye-splash. Amehlo amise okweqanda okweqanda atholakala ngemuva kwamakhala kuphela futhi awanalo ulwelwesi olucabangayo.
Umlomo kashaka usayizi ophakathi nendawo unemigqa eyisithupha yamazinyo afana nekama anezimo ezihlukile:
- umhlathi ongaphezulu umbozwe ngamazinyo angunxantathu;
- emihlathini engezansi, zimise okweqolo.
Ngenxa yalesi sici, ushaka uyakwazi ukubamba izisulu ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ezishelelayo kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lolu hlobo lukashaka luchitha isikhathi esiningi sosuku ekujuleni okukhulu, lukhuphukela phezulu ebusuku kuphela. Ngenxa yalesi sici sokuphila, amehlo abo anamandla okukhanya kahle. Leli khono libhekwa njengelingavamile kakhulu phakathi koshaka.
Uhlala kuphi ushaka?
Isithombe: Ushaka wama-six-gill olwandle
I-sixgill itholakala ekujuleni kwe-Atlantic Ocean. Uhlala emanzini asogwini lolwandle lwasePacific eMelika: kusuka eCalifornia enelanga yonke indlela eya enyakatho yeVancouver. Inani elanele labantu lihlala ngasogwini lwase-Australia, eningizimu ye-Afrika, eChile, eduze neziqhingi zaseJapan.
Imvamisa oshaka bama-sixgill batholakala ekujuleni okungaba ngamamitha ayi-100, kepha bayaziwa ukuthi bayakwazi ukucwila kumamitha ayi-2000 noma ngaphezulu kalula. Ingcindezi ekujuleni okunjalo ingeqa ama-400,000 kg ngemitha eyisikwele. Emini, lezi zidalwa zihamba kancane kukholamu lamanzi, zihamba phansi zifuna izidumbu, futhi eduze nobusuku ziphakama zisondele eduze komhlaba zizingela izinhlanzi. Ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa, imidondoshiya yangaphambi komlando ibuyela ekujuleni futhi. Ngasogwini lwaseCanada, ama-sixgill atholakala kanye ebusweni bamanzi ngisho naphakathi nosuku, kepha lokhu kungabizwa ngokuhlukile okungajwayelekile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ushaka onama-gill ayisithupha onamakhanda obomvu ubaluleke kakhulu kwezohwebo. Ufunwa kakhulu eCalifornia, kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Uvame ukomiswa.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi eJalimane inyama yalo shaka isetshenziswa njenge-laxative esebenzayo. Isibindi sesigebenga sasolwandle asidliwa, njengoba sithathwa njengoshevu ngenxa yokuqukethwe ubuthi obuningi.
Idla ini i-sixgill shark?
Isithombe: uShaka wasolwandle ojulile we-Sixgill
Ukudla okujwayelekile kwemidondoshiya yangaphambi komlando:
- izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene eziphakathi nendawo, njenge-flounder, i-hake, i-herring;
- ama-crustaceans, imisebe.
Kunezimo lapho lolu hlobo lukashaka luhlasela izimvu zamanzi nezinye izilwane zasolwandle. Ama-gill ayisithupha awakudeleli ukubola kwesidumbu, angathatha inyamazane ku-congener yabo noma amhlasele, ikakhulukazi uma lowo muntu ebuthakathaka ngenxa yamanxeba noma emncane ngosayizi.
Ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile semihlathi nokwakheka kwamazinyo, lezi zidalwa ziyakwazi ukudla ukudla okuhlukahlukene. Babhekana kalula nama-crustaceans amakhulu. Uma umhlaseli ebamba inyamazane ngemihlathi yayo enamandla, lapho-ke ayisenalo ithuba lokusindiswa. Ushaka uqala ukunikina ikhanda lakhe ngapha nangapha futhi azungezise umzimba wakhe, abangele ukulimala okukhulu kulowo ahlaselwa yilo. Ngaphandle kuphela zibukeka zixakile, kepha ngesikhathi sokuzingela ziyakwazi ukuhlaselwa umbani ngokushesha.
Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obukhulu nokubukeka okwesabekayo, izinkomo zoshaka zibhekwa njengezingenabungozi kubantu. Kuwo wonke umlando wokubabheka, kwaqoshwa amacala amaningi okuhlaselwa kwabantu, kepha kulowo nalowo kubo ushaka wacasulwa wukuziphatha okungalungile kwabatshuzi. Lapho zihlangana nomuntu ngokujula, lezi zidalwa zikhombisa ilukuluku elikhulu kuye nemishini engaphansi kwamanzi. Bangazungeza eceleni isikhathi esithile, kepha ngemizamo ebukhali yokuxhumana nabo bashesha babhukude basuke.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ushaka wasendulo we-sixgill
Kunzima kakhulu ukubona i-hexgill endaweni yabo yemvelo, njengoba bethanda ukubhukuda ekujuleni okukhulu. Njengabanye abantu abahlala olwandle olujulile olwandle nezilwandle, indlela yabo yokuphila kade yahlala iyimfihlakalo kubantu. Akucebisi ngokukhethekile ukukhuphula oshaka bama-gill ayisithupha ngaphezulu, ngoba ngokushesha badideka futhi baziphathe kabi. Kungalesi sizathu izazi zebhayoloji ziyilahlile le ndlela yokufunda.
Ososayensi bathole indlela ehlukile kulezi zidlakela - baqala ukunamathisela izinzwa ezikhethekile emzimbeni we-sixgill. Idivayisi isiza ukulandelela ukufuduka kwabantu abahlala olwandle olujulile, inikeza imininingwane eyengeziwe ngesimo somzimba nezinguquko kuyo. Le ndlela nayo ayithathwa njengelula, ngoba kufanele uqale ujule ngaphansi kwamanzi bese uthola ushaka wama-gill ayisithupha.
Lezi zidalwa zaziwa njengabantu bodwa. Zibonakala ngokufuduka kwansuku zonke kukholamu lamanzi. Kuke kwaba nezimo zokudla abantu, lapho abantu abadala abaphilile behlasela izihlobo ezigulayo noma labo ababhajwe ngengozi emanethini okudoba. Ushaka osayizi abancane abancane abancane abano-eyegill akajwayelekile kakhulu kune-grey blunt sixgill shark. Ngalesi sizathu, indlela yayo yokuphila nokuzalanisa akufundwa.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Grey sixgill shark
Imidondoshiya yama-gill ayisithupha i-ovoviviparous. Ngesikhathi sonyaka, owesifazane uyakwazi ukuzala oshaka abaphakathi kwama-50-60, kepha kukhona amacala lapho inani labo lifinyelela ikhulu noma ngaphezulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinga lokusinda kwezilwane ezisencane lingamaphesenti angama-90, okuyinkomba ephezulu kakhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi oshaka abathosiwe bayakwazi ukuzala amawundlu ama-4 kuye kwayi-10 kanti izinga labo lokusinda lingamaphesenti angama-60 kuphela.
Abantu bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi lapho ubude babo bungaphezu kwamamitha amabili. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, amaqanda aqhubeka nokukhula kwawo ngaphakathi komzimba wowesifazane egumbini elikhethekile lezingane, ethola umsoco odingekayo esikhwameni se-yolk. Kunzima kakhulu ukulandela ikusasa eliqhubekayo lezilwane ezincane, ngakho-ke, inqubo eqondile yokuthuthuka koshaka ayaziwa kososayensi bezinto eziphilayo. Kukhona ukucabanga ukuthi ekuqaleni, abantu abasha bahlala eduze kwamanzi, lapho ukuzingela kusebenza khona kakhulu. Njengoba bekhula, behlela bonke ekujuleni okukhulu. Abasha bathola isisindo ngokushesha ngokwanele.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ezansi koLwandle iMedithera, ekujuleni okukhulu, kuvame ukutholakala imigodi eminingi, engafinyelela kumamitha ama-2-3 ngokujula. Izazi zebhayoloji zikholelwa ukuthi lena imikhondo yokuzingela oshaka bama-sixgill oshaka bama-crustaceans amakhulu.
Izitha zemvelo zoshaka be-sixgill
Isithombe: Giant sixgill shark
Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuhlaba umxhwele nemihlathi eyingozi, ngisho nale midondoshiya yomlando inezitha zayo. Bangaba yizisulu zomhlambi wemikhomo ebulalayo, ohlukaniswa hhayi kuphela ngamandla abo amakhulu namazinyo abukhali, kepha nangobuhlakani babo obukhethekile. Imikhomo ebulalayo iyakwazi ukuhlasela ivela ezinkomba eziningi ngasikhathi sinye nomhlambi wonke.
Abantu abadala abavamile ukuba yizisulu zabo, kaningi bahlasela izilwane ezincane. Imikhomo ebulalayo iyakwazi ukumangala futhi ivike imihlathi eyingozi ye-sixgill ehamba kancane. Ngenxa yokuthi oshaka bakhuphukela phezulu ebusuku kuphela amahora amaningi, lezi zilwane ezimbili azihlangani njalo.
Inhlanzi ejwayelekile ye-hedgehog ingaba yingozi kumdondoshiya onamandla. Njengoba oshaka abalambile bekwazi ukubamba cishe noma yini, kwesinye isikhathi inhlanzi ecwebezelayo, evuvukele ukuma kwebhola, iba yisisulu sabo. Izinsika zalesi sidalwa zilimaze kabi ushaka. Umzingeli angabulawa yindlala noma ukutheleleka okunzima.
Imisebenzi yabantu iphinde ithinte inhlalakahle yezinhlanzi zangaphambi komlando. Kunezimo lapho izakhamuzi zasolwandle olujulile zigwinya khona udoti, ogeleza ngobuningi kulo lonke ulwandle lomhlaba. Njengoba ulwandle lungcolisiwe, inani lama crustaceans, ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, okuwukudla okujwayelekile kwe-sixgill, liyancipha.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ushaka weSixgill
Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-gill sixgill ahlukaniswa ngokusinda okukhethekile nokuzala, inani elincane lezitha endaweni yazo yemvelo, izinombolo zazo zihlala ziguquguquka, zizwela kakhulu ukudoba ngokweqile. Isimo sezinhlobo sisondele ekusongelweni noma kunengozi yokuqothulwa maduzane. Yize kunjalo, ushaka usayinto yokudoba nokudoba ezemidlalo emazweni amaningi, kubandakanya nawaseYurophu. Inani eliqondile lalezi zidalwa alinakutholwa ngenxa yezici ezithile zendlela yazo yokuphila eyimfihlo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kwezinye izifundazwe zaseMelika, inyama yezidlakela ezingaphansi kwamanzi iyabhenywa, e-Italy balungiselela isibiliboco esikhethekile emakethe yaseYurophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyama yoshaka bama-gill ayisithupha ifakwe usawoti, iqandiswe, yomiswe, isetshenziselwe ukukhiqizwa kokudla kwezinhlanzi nokondla izilwane eziningi ezifuywayo.
Ukugcina inani loshaka bezinkomo, kuyadingeka ukwethula ukulawula okuqinile ekubanjweni. Ngokudotshwa ngokweqile, izinombolo zabo ziyalulama isikhathi eside, ngoba ngabantu kuphela abanobukhulu bomzimba obedlula amamitha ama-2 abakwazi ukuzala. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuqapha izinga lokungcola kwezilwandle zomhlaba. Njengoba ingumhlaseli omkhulu wasolwandle olujulile, i-sixgill iya ngokuya ishiywe ngaphandle kokudla kwayo okujwayelekile futhi iphoqeleka ukuba yaneliseke kuphela ngesidumbu.
Ushaka wesixgill uhlala emanzini olwandle emhlabeni kusukela esikhathini sama-dinosaurs kuze kube ezikhathini zethu sehle cishe asizange sishintshe. Kuyaziwa kuphela ukuthi izigidi zeminyaka edlule usayizi wazo wawumangalisa nakakhulu. Ukuhlangana nabo endaweni yabo yemvelo kuyimpumelelo enkulu yabatshuzi, okungangabazeki ukuthi kuzokhunjulwa impilo yabo yonke.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 12/26/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 11.09.2019 ngo-23: 36
