Mangalitsa - Uhlobo olungavamile lwezingulube ezifuywayo. Lezi zilwane zibonakala ngokungajwayelekile, ngoba zimbozwe kusuka ekhanda kuye ozwaneni ngezinwele ezisontekile. AmaMangalitsa azalwa njengezilwane zenyama, okunikela kakhulu ngamafutha amaningi. Kepha ngenxa yalokhu kubonakala, ama-mangalitsa aze aqala ukuthatha indawo yezilwane ezifuywayo phakathi kwabathandi bezilwane ezingavamile.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Mangalitsa
IMangalitsa iyinhlobo yengulube yasekhaya edabuka eHungary. Umhlobo lo wazalelwa emuva ngekhulu le-19 ngokuwela izingulube zaseHungary ezivela eSalonta naseBakony, ngokuhlanganiswa kwezingulube zasendle zaseYurophu nezingulube zikaShumadi.
Kukholakala ukuthi, ngenxa yobuningi bejazi nobungqabavu, ama-mangalitsa asondele kakhulu ezingulubeni ezingasekho, njengezingulube ezinenwele ezisontekile zaseLincolnshire, ezazihlala eNgilandi phambilini.
Ividiyo: Mangalitsa
Njengazo zonke izingulube ezifuywayo ezifuywa ngokuwela, iMangalitsa inezici eziningi ezihlukile kulesi sigaba sezingulube. Ubude bomzimba wezingulube ezifuywayo, njengomthetho, buyehluka kakhulu: kusuka kumitha kuya kwamabili, futhi abantu abakhuluphele abakhulu bangaba nesisindo esingama-150 kg.
Ngokungafani nokhokho basendle, izingulube ezifuywayo zithanda omnivorous. Izingulube zasendle zazidla kakhulu ukudla kokutshala, kuyilapho izingulube ezifuywayo zijwayele ukudla ukudla okuhlukahlukene, kubandakanya nalokho okuvela ezilwaneni. Ngisho nezingulube zasekhaya ezifuywayo ziyaqhubeka nokuba ngama-omnivores. UMangalitsa akahlukile - ubuye adle nokudla okuhlukahlukene.
Izingulube ezifuywayo zazalulwa njengezinhlobo zenyama: lezi zilwane zithola isisindo kalula futhi zithembekile kubantu, okubenza babe izilwane ezinhle zokugcina ikhaya. AmaMangalitsa nawo afuywa njengezinhlobo zenyama, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zithatha indawo yezingulube ezihlobisayo. Esikhathini esiningi, izingulube ezincane zibhekwa njengezingulube zokuhlobisa - izinhlobo ezincane ezigcinwa ekhaya, njengezinja noma amakati.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani umangalisa
AmaMangaliya ajwayelene nezimo zokuphila ezinzima - lolu hlobo lwenzelwe abalimi abangakwazi ukuhlinzeka izilwane zabo njalo ngendawo yokuhlala efudumele. Ehlobo, ingulube imbozwa ngokuphelele ngamasongo amancane ezinwele ezithambile, yize izingulube zivame ukuba namabhulashi amabi kakhulu angazimbozi ngokuphelele. Ebusika, la masongo woboya ayakhula, akhe ingubo yangaphansi eminyene, eminyene engekho ngaphansi ekuvaleni okushisayo koboya bezimvu. Uma ukude, ama-mangalits angadideka nezimvu.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Izingulube eziqala ukugcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo zilahlekelwa ijazi lazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba zingasadingeki. Uboya obunjalo budingeka ngokukhethekile ukuvikela ama-mangalitsa emakhazeni nasezinambuzaneni.
IMangalitsa inemibala emine ejwayelekile:
- nsundu;
- okumhlophe;
- okumnyama;
- kuxutshwe.
Ngasikhathi sinye, i-mangalitsy emnyama neyinsundu yanyamalala kungekudala, ngakho-ke abalimi bamatasa bezalanisa lezi zingulube zale mibala kabusha. Cishe amaphesenti angama-80 amaMangalis anombala oxubekile, lapho emuva, ikhanda nezindlebe kumnyama, kanti isisu nemilenze kumhlophe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Njengezingulube zasendle, izingulube zezingulube zaseMangalitsa zizalwa zinemigqa, zinombala wokuzifihla oguqula iminyaka.
AmaMangalitsy aqinile emthethweni womthethosisekelo, lawo, ngesikhathi esifanayo, awahlukile ngosayizi abakhulu kakhulu ngokuhlobene nezinhlobo eziningi zenyama yezingulube ezifuywayo. Abesilisa abadala bafinyelela isisindo samakhilogremu angamakhulu amathathu, abesifazane bavame ukuba nesisindo esincane. Lezi zingulube zinomgogodla oqinile nentamo emfushane, enganyakazi. Izindlebe zinde, zikhula ziye phambili, zivala amehlo. Iphrofayili igobile kancane, uqwanga lwamakhala lubheka phezulu.
Ihlalaphi imangalisa?
Isithombe: Ingulube mangalitsa
IMangalitsa yisilwane esifuywayo kuphela. Okwamanje, zifuywa kuphela emapulazini akhethekile, lapho izilwane zikhuluphaliswa ngendlela yokuthi zikhiqize amafutha amaningi. Yize abafuyi abaningi abazimele bengathenga amazinyane ezingulube ze-mangalitsa ngokuzalanisa epulazini elincane.
IMangalitsa ayifuni kakhulu ngemibandela yokuboshwa, yize kunamaphuzu amaningi okumele atholwe ukuze ama-mangalitsa abe namandla amakhulu. Isibonelo, amaMangaliya adinga indawo enkulu lapho angondla futhi ahambe khona. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-ehlobo lapho ingulube idla amakhambi amasha.
Ochwepheshe baveza ukuthi izingulube zalolu hlobo kumele zihanjiswe ukuze inyama nesinqumelo kube nokunambitheka kwazo okuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, ukukhawulela i-mangalitsa ngocingo noma inetha akuyona indlela engcono kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ebusika, lezi zingulube nazo zingathathwa zihambe - zibekezelela kalula amakhaza.
Futhi, ama-mangalitsy adinga ukuvikelwa elangeni eliqondile, ngakho-ke ishede kufanele lihlelwe endaweni yokuhamba lapho ingulube ingaphumula khona. Iphuli elincane noma okugeza ngodaka nakho kungatholakala lapho.
Ebusika, utshani obuningi kufanele bubekwe esibayeni semangalitsa - izingulube ziyakuthokozela ukugqobhoza kulo. Ihay ibagcina befudumele, futhi lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngobusuku basebusika lapho amazinga okushisa ehla abe sezingeni eliphansi kakhulu.
Udlani umangalica?
Isithombe: iMangalitsa, noma ingulube yezimvu
IMangalitsa uhlobo lwezingulube olugxile kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamafutha, kepha abanye abafuyi bangazikhulisa njengezilwane zenyama. Ikhwalithi yenyama kanye nesinqumelo kuthonywa okuphakelayo.
Ukudla okuphelele kwezingulube kuhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- egxile ekukhuleni, ekukhuleni kwesisindo somzimba, okusanhlamvu nokuxinana kwamafutha. Lokhu kudla kukhulisa ukubabazeka kwenyama. Lokhu kufaka imifino enamanzi amaningi njengethanga, i-zucchini, izaqathe, ama-beet, kanye ne-cottage shizi, amabele, uphizi, ibhali nemifino ehlukahlukene (izimbabazane, i-clover). Ama-by-product nofulawa nakho kuyangezwa kokuphakelwa okunjalo;
- ama-mangalitsa awuhlobo lwe-gourmets, ngakho-ke ukolweni we-kakolweni, i-buckwheat nommbila kungezwa ekudleni kwabo. Lokhu kwandisa isifiso sezingulube, yingakho ukuzuza kwesisindo kushesha ngokushesha.
Futhi, abalimi bayazi ukuthi izitshalo ezilandelayo zithinta kabi ikhwalithi yenyama: isoya, ikhekhe, i-oats. Ngenxa yalokhu, amanoni aphenduka aphuzi, futhi inyama iba yinto evulekile futhi ikhululeke. Impilo yeshalofu yenyama enjalo nayo incishiswe kakhulu.
Abazalisi abondli ama-mangalitsas ngemfucumfucu yokudla namakhambi angadingekile avela engadini (njengeziqongqolo zebhungezi noma amaqabunga amakhulu eklabishi). Iphinde ibe nomthelela omubi kwikhwalithi yesinqumelo ama-mangalis adume ngaso.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: IsiHungary mangalitsa
AmaMangalitsa awanawo umlingiswa ohlukile ongabahlukanisa nezinye izingulube ezifuywayo. Bayizilwane ezifuywayo ezizizwa zikhululekile eqenjini futhi azinalo ulaka kubantu. Yizilwane ezithobekile futhi ezibonisa ubuhlakani obuvame ukutholakala ezinjeni.
Izingulube ezifuywayo, ngokungafani nokhokho bazo basendle, zichitha isikhathi sabo esiningi besesimweni sokungenzi lutho. Abanikazi bezingulube ezifuywayo bathuthukisa umbuso wokondla izilwane, ngakho-ke abantu baseMangaliya bangalinda kuphela ngesineke ukuthi baphinde bondliwe. Endle, izingulube zichitha usuku lonke zifuna ukudla, zikufuna ngokuzwa kwazo okunephunga.
Abafuyi abanekhono bazohlela isikhala semangalisa lapho izingulube zingazondla khona futhi zizenzele zodwa. Njengomthetho, leli yidokodo elincane, lapho kukhona khona utshani obuningi obuluhlaza, izimpande nezihlahlana ezincane ezingadilizwa yimangalisa.
Endle, izingulube zihlala ngamaqembu amancane, lapho, njengomthetho, kukhona umholi wesilisa, oxosha abesilisa abakhulayo emhlambini. Le ndlela yokuziphatha igcinwe ezingulubeni ezifuywayo kuphela ngokwengxenye: banomholi, kepha uyabekezelela abanye abesilisa abancane futhi akaqhudelani nabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane bavame ukugcinwa ngokuhlukile kwizingulube zokuhlwanyela.
Ngokuvamile, amaMangaliya ahlukaniswa ngumlingiswa onobungane. Kunobufakazi bokuthi lezi zingulube nezinye eziningi ziyaziboleka ekuqeqesheni, zifunde ukwenza ubuqili obulula nokuxhumana nabantu ngentshisekelo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Mangalitsa cub
Njengoba amaMangaliya kuyizilwane ezifuywa ngendlela eqinile, izingulube zasendle zigcinwa zodwa ezingulubeni, okuvumela kuphela ukuzalanisa okuhleliwe. Abesifazane bafinyelela eminyakeni yokuzala ngezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye, nabesilisa ngonyaka owodwa.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-115. Ngokuvamile, izingulube zikhiqiza izingulube ezingamashumi amabili ngonyaka. AmaMangalitsa akuzona izingulube ezivundile kakhulu, ngakho-ke, kuphela izingulube zasendle ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezondliwa ngaphambilini ngamavithamini, ezikhethelwa ukuwela.
Ngemuva kokubeletha, insikazi idlula amasiko amaningi abalulekile, lapho ukusebenza kokondla amantshontsho kuzoncika khona. Kumele anuke amazinyane, ezwe amazwi abo, azinuke ubisi lwakhe - lapho-ke kuzoqala ukuncelisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amantshontsho wezingulube adinga ukuvusa ingulube ngendlela ekhethekile yokuthola ubisi.
Izingulube ezisanda kuzalwa zondliwa njalo ngehora. Ngobisi olunamafutha, zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, zithole isisindo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ingulube ingalawula ukugeleza kobisi ngokunquma ukuthi amantshontsho alo alambile kangakanani.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ingulube ngayinye inengono yayo "uqobo", okuphuza kuyo kuphela. Amantshontsho akhe ahlukaniswa ngephunga lawo.
Lapho zinezinyanga eziyisithupha, amazinyane ezingulube aseMangalitsa afinyelela isisindo samakhilogremu ayi-100, okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nezingulube zezinye izinhlobo zenyama.
Izitha zemvelo zemangalisa
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani umangalisa
Izimo lapho kugcinwa khona ama-mangalitsa akufaki ukuvela kwezitha zemvelo. Lezi zingulube zizalelwa kuphela izintshisekelo zabantu, ngakho-ke azisebenzi njengesisekelo sokudla sezilwane ezizingelayo. Ngisho nasesigabeni sokuqala sokuvela kohlobo lwaseMangalitsa, abantu babevikelwe kahle njengabantu ababalulekile. Izingulube ezifuywayo zazivame ukuhlaselwa yizimpisi noma ngisho namabhere alambile, amantshontsho ezingulube angabulawa izimpungushe noma izinja ezilahlekile. Kodwa-ke, izingulube akuzona izilwane ezingenakuzisiza.
Ngenxa yesisindo sabo somzimba esikhulu nemihlathi enamandla, bayakwazi ukuhlehlisa umhlaseli. Abesifazane baseMangalitsa, abakholelwa ukuthi kukhona okusongela amachwane abo, bangahlasela ngokushesha owonile. AmaMangalitsa angenwa yizifo eziningi ezithinta izingulube ezifuywayo.
Phakathi kwezifo ezivame kakhulu, kufanelekile ukugqamisa okulandelayo:
- isifo - izingulube zivame ukugula nazo, izinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu zezingulube zithinteka kakhulu;
- I-erysipelas ivame kakhulu ezingulubeni zama-mangalitsa, yize ukuthola lesi sifoIqiniso elithakazelisayo: E-Hungary, abalimi be-mangalitsa bathola izinzuzo eziningi namabhonasi wokuqhubeka nokuzala kohlobo.I-Gastroenteritis yisifo esivamile phakathi kwemangalisa. Izingulube ngokuvamile azisindi kulesi sifo. Uma umuntu omdala u-mangalitsa ehlupheke ngalesi sifo, khona-ke uzodlulisa amasosha omzimba aqinile enzalweni yakhe.
AmaMangalitsa avame ukugcinwa ezandleni zabafuyi abanolwazi abahlola izingulube njalo ngezifo ezahlukahlukene. Njengohlobo lwezingulube oluyigugu, abantu baseMangaliya abavamile ukugula ngenxa yokuqapha kwabaninizo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Mangalitsa
Phambilini, abaseMangaliya babesengozini ngenxa yokwehla kwenzalo yalolu hlobo lwezingulube. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 kuphela, abalimi bajabulela ukunambitheka kwesinqumelo nenyama ye-mangalitsa, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho kwaqala uhlelo lokubuyiselwa kohlobo.
Namuhla inani lama-mangalitsa lizinzile. Lezi zingulube zizalwa emhlabeni wonke ikakhulukazi ngabalimi abanolwazi, yize cishe noma ngubani angathenga ingulube yemangalica ukuze iqhubeke nokukhuliswa. Inyama yabo yaziswa kakhulu ebhizinisini lokudlela, ngakho-ke ama-mangalitsa ahlala engenye yezinhlobo zenyama edingeka kakhulu.
Ukukhula okukhulu emfuyweni yama-mangalitsa kuyabonakala e-UK naseFrance; kukhona namapulazi amakhulu okuzalanisa lolu hlobo eRussia nase-Ukraine. EHungary, indawo lapho kwakhulelwa khona ama-mangalitsa, lezi zingulube zaziwa njengomcebo wezwe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: E-Hungary, abalimi be-mangalitsa bathola izinzuzo eziningi namabhonasi wokuqhubeka nokuzalanisa uhlobo.
Isibalo sezinhlobo zama-mangalitsa eRussia kuphela singaba yizinkulungwane eziyi-15. Bathuthelwa ngenkuthalo emazweni ahlukahlukene, lapho abalimi abasha bekwazi ukuzalanisa kwabo. UMangalitsy, kanye nezinye izingulube ezifuywayo, babamba iqhaza emincintiswaneni phakathi kwezinhlobo ezifuywa zenyama kanye nezingulube. Abanye abantu bakhetha ukuzala ama-mangalitsa hhayi njengezilwane zenyama, kepha njengabangane.
Mangalitsa - isilwane esimangalisayo esidabuka eHungary. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwabo nokunambitheka okungavamile, basakazeka ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke futhi bathola ukuthandwa emazweni ahlukahlukene.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 12/13/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09.09.2019 ngo-21: 06
