Umnenke i-Achatina ingenye ye-gastropods yomhlaba enkulu kunazo zonke. Kuhlala emazweni anezimo ezifudumele ezishisayo. ERussia, bathanda ukugcina lezi zinkevu njengezilwane ezifuywayo, ngoba lezi zinhlayiya azithobeki kakhulu futhi ukugcinwa kwazo akubangeli zinkinga kubaninizo. Ezweni lakithi, le minenke ayiphili endle ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibandayo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Umnenke i-Achatina
I-Achatina noma i-gastropod mollusk, eye-oda yeminenke ye-pulmonary, i-suborder-eyed eye, umndeni wakwa-Achatna. Ama-gastropods okuqala ahlala eplanethi yethu kusukela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi seCretaceous enkathini yeMesozoic. Imivubukulo emidala kunayo yonke yama-gastropod molluscs cishe ineminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-99 ubudala. Okhokho bama-gastropods babengama-molluscs asendulo ama-ammonite, ayekhona kusukela e-Devonia kuya enkathini ye-Cretaceous yenkathi yeMesozoic.
Ividiyo: Umnenke i-Achatina
Abakwa-Amoni babehluke kakhulu kuneminenke yanamuhla. Iminenke yasendulo yayidla futhi ifana kakhulu nama-molluscs anamuhla iNautilus pompilius. La ma-molluscs abhukuda ngokukhululeka emanzini futhi ayemakhulu ngosayizi. Ngokokuqala ngqa, uhlobo lwe-Achatina fulica luchazwa yisazi sezilwane saseFrance uBaron André Etienne Ferussac ngo-1821.
I-Achatina yiqembu eliphelele leminenke yomhlaba, okubandakanya izinhlobo ezinjenge:
- achatina reticulata;
- achatina Craveni;
- achatina Glutinosa;
- achatina immaculata;
- achatina Panthera;
- achatina Tincta;
I-Achatina yiminenke emikhulu enogobolondo olude olungu-8-15 cm, noma kunjalo, kunezinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu lapho igobolondo lingaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-25 ubukhulu. Iminenke inegobolondo le-canonical, elisontiwe ngokuphikisana newashi. Ngokwesilinganiso, kukhona ukujika okungaba ngu-8 kugobolondo. Umbala womnenke ungahluka futhi kuya ngokuthi umnenke udlani. Ngokuyinhloko umbala Achatina ubuswa amathoni aphuzi nsundu. Igobolondo livame ukufaka iphethini yemivimbo ephuzi futhi ibomvu nsundu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani umnenke i-Achatina
Achatina - gastropods ezinkulu zasemhlabeni. Usayizi wegobolondo lomuntu omdala usuka ku-10 kuye ku-25 cm ubude. Umnenke unesisindo esingama-250-300 amagremu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, isisindo semollusk singafinyelela ku-400 gram. Umzimba uplastiki, ungafika ku-16 cm ubude, umbozwe ngokuphelele iphethini yemibimbi emihle. Isakhiwo somnenke sihlukaniswe ngemibandela izingxenye ezimbili ezisebenzayo: i-cephalopodia - ikhanda nomlenze wemollusk kanye ne-visceropallia (trunk).
Inhloko yemollusk inkulu kakhulu, ebekwe ngaphambi komzimba. Ekhanda kunezimpondo ezincane, izibunu zobuchopho, amehlo nomlomo. Amehlo omnenke atholakala ekugcineni kwetende. Abaziboni kahle izinkumba. Bangakwazi ukuhlukanisa ukwakheka kwezinto ebangeni elingu-1 cm ukusuka emehlweni. Iyakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokukhanya kokukhanya. Abathandi ukukhanya okukhanyayo ngempela. Uma ukukhanya kwelanga kushaya umnenke, imollusk iqala ukucasha. Umgogodla womlomo ukhule kahle. Ngaphakathi kunolimi olunameva. Ngenxa yalesi sici sokwakheka, umnenke ukwazi ukukuqonda kalula ukudla ngolimi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoIminenke yalolu hlobo inamazinyo ayizinkulungwane ezingama-25. Amazinyo aqinile, akhiwe nge-chitin. Ngosizo lwamazinyo ayo, umnenke ugaya izingcezu zokudla eziqinile.
Umlenze womnenke uqinile, unethanga elikhulu elishwabene, ngosizo lomnenke ongahamba kuwo uvundle futhi ume mpo. Izindlala zomnenke zikhipha isikhwehlela esikhethekile esikhuthaza ukushelela nokubambelela okungcono ebusweni. Isikhwama sangaphakathi sivikelwe ngegobolondo eliqinile. Umnenke unesakhiwo sangaphakathi sezitho ezilula: inhliziyo, iphaphu nenso elilodwa. Inhliziyo iqukethe i-atrium yesobunxele kanti i-ventricle izungezwe yi-pericardium. Igazi licacile. Umnenke uphefumula umoya ngamaphaphu nasesikhunjeni.
Igobolondo lembaza liqinile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside. Inani lamaphuzu lihambelana nobudala be-mollusk. Umbala wegobolondo lama-mollusk we-subspecies efanayo ungahluka kakhulu. Umbala wegobolondo uncike ekudleni komnenke nezimo umuntu ahlala kuzo. Isikhathi sokuphila salezi mollusk endle yiminyaka eyi-11; ekuthunjweni, lezi zidalwa zingaphila isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Achatina, njengeminye iminenke eminingi, inamandla okuzivuselela. Lokho wukuthi, umnenke uyakwazi ukubuyisa ingxenye elahlekile yomzimba.
Uhlala kuphi umnenke i-Achatina?
Isithombe: Umnenke i-Achatina ekhaya
I-Afrika ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa kwe-Achatina. Ekuqaleni, iminenke yayihlala esimweni sezulu sase-Afrika esifudumele futhi esinomswakama, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sibonga abantu, le minenke isabalale emhlabeni wonke. Ama-Akhatin njengamanje ahlala e-Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia. Ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka, iminenke yethulwa eNdiya naseRiphabhulikhi yaseMauritius. Eduze kwekhulu lama-20, le minenke yafika esiqhingini saseSri Lanka, eMalaysia, eThailand. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, le minenke yethulwa eCalifornia, eHawaii, e-Ireland, eNew Guinea naseTahiti.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinkukhu ze-Achatina zingama-mollusks ahlakaniphile impela, ziyakwazi ukukhumbula okwenzeke kuzo ngehora lokugcina, khumbula indawo yemithombo yokudla. Bahlukanisa kahle phakathi kokunambitheka futhi banokuthandwa kokuthandwa. Iminenke yasekhaya iyakwazi ukubona umnikazi.
Futhi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, le minenke yatholwa eCaribbean. Bakhetha izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama zokuphila. Iyasebenza ngemuva kwezimvula emazingeni okushisa omoya kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-30 ° C. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, iwela edakeni, imboze ukungena kwegobolondo ngongqimba lwamafinyila. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-3 ° C, iyalala. Le minenke ayizithobeki ezimeni zangaphandle, futhi yakwazi ukuqonda impilo cishe kunoma iyiphi i-biotype. I-Achatin itholakala ehlathini, epaki, ezigodini zemifula nasemasimini.
Ingazinza eduze kwendawo yokuhlala yomuntu kubhekwa njengenhlobo ehlaselayo. Ukungeniswa kwala ma-molluscs endaweni yamazwe amaningi akuvunyelwe nakancane. EMelika, ukungeniswa kwe-Akhatin kujeziswa ngejele. Kuyingozi kwezolimo.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ungawugcina kanjani umnenke i-Achatina ekhaya. Ake sibone ukuthi ungayondla kanjani le gastropod mollusk.
Yini udla umnenke Achatina?
Isithombe: Umnenke omkhulu we-Achatina
Ama-Ahetian ama-molluscs adla kakhulu adla uhlaza oluhlaza, imifino nezithelo.
Ukudla kweminenke ye-Achatina kuhlanganisa:
- umoba;
- izihlahla ezifihlekile;
- izingxenye ezibolayo zezitshalo;
- izithelo ezonakele;
- amaqabunga ezihlahla zezithelo;
- amaqabunga amagilebhisi, ulethisi;
- i-clover;
- ama-dandelions;
- isitshalo;
- i-lucene;
- imbabazane;
- izithelo (ezinjengokwatapheya, amagilebhisi, uphayinaphu, umango, ama-cherry, amabhilikosi, amapheya, ama-apula);
- imifino (izaqathe, iklabishi, i-zucchini, i-beet, ithanga, isaladi);
- amagxolo ezihlahla nezihlahlana.
Ekhaya, iminenke iphakelwa imifino (i-broccoli, izaqathe, ulethisi, iklabishi, ukhukhamba, upelepele). Izithelo zama-apula, amapheya, umango, ukwatapheya, ubhanana, amagilebhisi. Amakhabe. Inani elincane le-oatmeal, okusanhlamvu, ukudla kwethambo, namantongomane omhlabathi nakho kungasetshenziswa njengokudla okuhambisanayo. Ukuze kukhule kahle nokukhula kwegobolondo, i-Achatina idinga ukwengezwa ngemithombo eyengeziwe yamaminerali - ushoki, igobolondo lomhlabathi elicolekileyo noma idwala le-shell.
Lezi zinto kufanele zinikezwe ngamanani amancane afafazwe ekudleni okuyinhloko. Umuntu omdala u-Achatina ubhekana kalula nokudla okuqinile. Iminenke emincane ingaphakelwa ngezithelo nemifino egayiwe, kepha amazambane acubuziwe akufanele anikezwe njengoba izingane zingamane ziklingene kuwo. Ngaphezu kokudla, izilwane ezifuywayo kufanele zihlale zinamanzi ophuzayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Achatina izidalwa eziqinile, zingaba nokudla izinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi ngeke zibalimaze. Endle, lapho ama-Achatine engakutholi ukudla isikhathi eside, avele alala.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Umnenke wase-Afrika u-Achatina
Iminenke izidalwa ezithule kakhulu ezihola ukuhlala ngokuthula. Endle, zihlala zodwa, noma zakha umbhangqwana futhi zihlala ndawonye endaweni efanayo. Azikwazi ukuba khona ngomhlambi isikhathi eside, ukuqoqwa okukhulu kwabantu abadala kuholela ekucindezelekeni. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokugcwala kwabantu kanye nokwanda okukhulu ekukhuleni kwabantu kungaqala ukufuduka kwabantu abaningi kwe-Achatina.
I-Achatina iyasebenza ngemuva kwemvula nasebusuku. Emini, lezi zimvukuzane ziphuma ekucasheni kuphela lapho kumanzi ngaphandle. Ngezinsuku ezibalele, iminenke icasha ngemuva kwamatshe, phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla kanye nasezihlahleni ezihlabayo ezivela elangeni. Zivame ukungena emhlabathini ukuze zingashisi kakhulu. Iminenke emisha ingahamba amabanga amade futhi ayiboshelwe ezindaweni zokuphumula. Abantu asebekhulile banakekela kakhulu futhi ekuphumuleni bazihlomisa ngendawo ethile yokuphumula futhi bazifunele ukudla eduze nale ndawo, bezama ukungasuki kuyo ngamamitha angaphezu kwama-5. Ukuze uhambe kancane ngomzuzu owodwa, u-Achatina ukhasa ngokwesilinganiso esingu-1-2 cm.
Endle, ngokuqala kwezimo ezingezinhle zokuphila, ama-Achatins agxuma emhlabathini, avale igebe egobolondweni ngefilimu ekhethekile yokunamathisela eyenziwe ngomcibisholo nobusika. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukulala ubusika, kunalokho kuyindlela yokuzivikela, umnenke awudingi ukulala, ukwenza lokhu ukuze ulinde izimo ezingezinhle zemvelo. Iminenke yasekhaya nayo ingafukamela ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho umnenke ungenakho ukudla okwanele, noma umsoco wawo ungalingani, lapho umoya ose-terrarium womile kakhulu, uma isilwane sibanda noma sicindezelekile.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukulala isikhathi eside akulungile kuma-molluscs. Ngesikhathi sokulala, umnenke ulahlekelwa isisindo esiningi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokulala isikhathi eside emnyango wegobolondo, ngaphezu kwefilimu yokuqala lapho umnenke uvale khona igobolondo lawo, amafilimu afanayo we-mucus akhiwa. Futhi lapho umnenke ulala isikhathi eside, kulukhuni nakakhulu ukuwuvusa. Ukuvusa umnenke ngemuva kokulala kwanele nje ukuwubamba ngaphansi komfudlana wamanzi afudumele futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana umnenke uzovuka uphume endlini yawo. Ekuvukeni, nikeza umnenke izimo ezinhle nokudla okunomsoco.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Umnenke omkhulu i-Achatina
Isakhiwo senhlalo yeminenke asithuthukisiwe. Kaningi Achatins bahlala bodwa, kwesinye isikhathi bangahlala endaweni efanayo njengezithandani. Iminenke ayakhi imindeni futhi ayinandaba nenzalo yayo. Achatina - hermaphrodites, noma yimuphi umuntu angenza imisebenzi yowesifazane nowesilisa. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, iminenke iyakwazi ukuzimela, kepha lokhu kwenzeka ezimweni ezingavamile.
Abantu abakulungele ukukhasa ngokulingana emibuthanweni, baphakamisela imizimba yabo phambili, kwesinye isikhathi bayama, sengathi bafuna okuthile. Lapho iminenke emibili enjalo ihlangana, ziqala ukuxhumana, zizwisane ngezihibe, bese zikhasa zizungeza. Imidanso yokuganana enjalo ingahlala emahoreni amabili, ngemuva kokuthi iminenke ihlangane, inamathele komunye nomunye.
Uma iminenke ilingana ngosayizi, ukuvundisa kwenzeka kuzo zombili izinkumba. Uma umnenke owodwa mkhulu kunenye, khona-ke umnenke omkhulu uzosebenza njengowesifazane, ngoba amandla amaningi ayadingeka ekukhuleni kwamaqanda. Iminenke mincane ngosayizi, ngisho nabantu abadala bahlala besebenza njengabesilisa, abantu abakhulu basebenza njengabesifazane.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, umnenke ungagcina isidoda iminyaka eminingana; usetshenziswa kancane kancane kumaqanda asanda kuvuthwa. Kudoti owodwa, umuntu oyedwa ubeka amaqanda angama-200; ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, usayizi we-clutch ungakhuphukela kumaqanda angama-300. Ngonyaka owodwa, umuntu oyedwa angenza imikhuba enjalo engu-6. Ukukhulelwa kuminenke kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kwezingu-14. Insikazi yakha i-clutch emhlabathini. Ngemuva kokuba umnenke abeke amaqanda, uyakhohlwa ngawo.
Amaqanda mancane, acishe abe yi-5mm ubude, ahlukaniswe kancane. Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2-3, iminenke emincane iqanduselwa emaqandeni. Iminenke emincane ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu eminyakeni emibili yokuqala, emva kwalokho ukukhula komnenke kwehla kakhulu. Amajita afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eneminyaka engu-7-14 izinyanga, kuya ngezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye, nezimo zokuphila.
Izitha zemvelo zeminenke i-Achatina
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani umnenke i-Achatina
Ezindaweni ezijwayele ukuhlala kuyo, iminenke i-Achatina inezitha eziningi endle, ngenxa yokuthi inani lala ma mollusks lilawulwa.
Izitha eziyinhloko ze-shellfish endle yilezi:
- izibankwa ezinkulu;
- amasele;
- izinsumpa;
- amagundane, amagundane namanye amagundane;
- izinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama njengokhozi, izinkozi, amagwababa, upholi nezinye eziningi;
- iminenke i-genoxis.
Kodwa-ke, ungakhohlwa ukuthi emazweni amaningi, ikakhulukazi lapho ukungeniswa kwalezi zinkukhu kungavunyelwe, ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu be-mollusk kanye nezici zezilwane, iminenke ingase ingabi nezitha. Kulokhu, ukukhiqizwa okungalawuleki kwalezi zinhlayiya kungaphenduka inhlekelele yangempela, ngoba zanda ngokushesha futhi zigcwalise izindawo ezinkulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, iminenke idla yonke imifino ehlangana nayo lapho isendleleni.
I-Achatina ikhubazekile yizinhlobo eziningi ze-helminths, ezingemnandi kunazo zonke okuyizi-hookworms ne-fluke worms. Lezi zibungu zingahlala egobolondweni lomnenke, nasemzimbeni wemvukuzane. I-mollusk ehlushwa ama-parasites iba yingozi, futhi uma ingasuswa, umnenke ungafa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iminenke ingathelela ezinye izilwane nabantu ngezifo eziphazamisayo.
Futhi Achatina ugula ngezifo zefungal ngesikhathi se-hypothermia, angabanjwa umkhuhlane, kepha imvamisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle iminenke iyalala.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Iminenke i-Achatina
Isimo sokongiwa kwezinhlobo ze-Achatina sivamile, okungukuthi, akukho okusongela lolu hlobo. Abantu bezinhlobo baningi ngokweqile, ama-mollusk azizwa kahle endaweni yawo yemvelo, azala kahle futhi ngokushesha okukhulu futhi agcwalise izindawo ezintsha. Lezi zinhlobo zingenisa kakhulu, okusho ukuthi izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezimo ezintsha zemvelo, zihlasele imvelo engafani nesimo salolu hlobo.
Emazweni amaningi, kuye kwavinjelwa ukungeniswa kwe-Achatina, ngaphandle kokufakwa kwalezi zinhlayiya ezindaweni zemvelo ezingazijwayele. I-Achatina yizinambuzane eziyingozi kwezolimo, iminenke idla izitshalo, izithelo nemifino emapulazini. Ukuba khona kwama-Achatin ku-ecosystem alien kubo ngamanani amakhulu kungaba yinhlekelele yangempela kwezolimo zale ndawo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ezweni lethu, lezi zidalwa zithanda ukuzigcina njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, iminenke ayinasizotha, izolile futhi abantu abaningi bayakujabulela ukubuka lezi zidalwa. Imvamisa iminenke iyaphakanyiswa bese ama-juveniles asatshalaliswa mahhala. Kodwa-ke, ungakhohlwa ukuthi akunasimo lapho kufanele ulahle khona amaqanda omnenke, ngoba i-Achatina ingachamisela futhi ihlale ngokushesha endaweni entsha.
Ezweni lakithi, ama-Achatin ngokuvamile awasindi endle, ngakho-ke akukho ukuvinjelwa ekugcineni lezi zilwane ezifuywayo. E-United States, ukungeniswa kweminenke ezweni kungenziwa isigwebo seminyaka emihlanu ejele, kanti iminenke engenayo iyabhujiswa. Futhi kwenqatshelwe ukungenisa iminenke endaweni yamanye amazwe amaningi lapho kusebenza khona ukwahlukaniswa.
Umnenke i-Achatina isidalwa esimangalisayo. Iminenke iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, isinda kalula kumathonya amabi endawo yangaphandle. Bashesha ukujwayela futhi bagcwale izindawo ezintsha. Zifanele abaningi njengezilwane ezifuywayo, ngoba ngisho nengane ingakwazi ukunakekela i-Achatina. Okulimaza iminenke ukuthi yizinto ezithwala izimuncagazi ezingatheleleka. Ngakho-ke, ngokunquma ukuba nesilwane esinjalo, kufanele ucabange kaningi ukuthi kufanele yini ukwenziwa noma cha.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/13/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 14.08.2019 ngo-23: 47
