I-Finwhal Ingabe esinye sezilwane ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lona umkhomo osheshayo nonomusa kwesinye isikhathi obhukuda uye ezikebheni zokudoba noma izikebhe zabavakashi. AmaFinwhal ahlukile esakhiweni sawo senhlalo nakuma-nuances wokuphila.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Finwal
I-Finwal whale, ebizwa nangokuthi i-minke noma i-herring whale. UFinwhal ungowomndeni wakwa-minke futhi uyisihlobo esiseduze kakhulu sesidalwa esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni - umkhomo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umkhomo wokugcina ngokwawo ubeka endaweni yesibili ngobukhulu obukhulu phakathi kwezilwane.
Ukuhleleka kwemikhomo i-minke kuhlanganisa imikhomo ye-baleen yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ehlala ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba. Umndeni uhlanganisa imikhakha emibili emikhulu nezinhlobo eziyi-8-9. Kunempikiswano phakathi kososayensi ngokuhlukaniswa kohlobo lwezinto eziphilayo, ngoba ezinye izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukuzalana, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuzichaza ngokuqondile ngohlobo olulodwa.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- umkhomo we-humpback;
- umkhomo omncane;
- i-minke yaseningizimu;
- gcina;
- Minke kamakoti;
- Umkhomo wase-Edene;
- umkhomo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
- I-minke ka-Omura iyinhlobo entsha, etholakala kuphela ngo-2003. Isesimweni sokuphikisana;
- umkhomo.
Imikhomo enemigqa isakazeke kakhulu futhi miningi kangangokuthi okungenani izinhlobo ezinhlanu zalezi zilwane zihlala eRussia kuphela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: UFinwhal uyakwazi ukuzalana nezinhlobo eziningi zeminke. Zikhiqiza inzalo nayo ekwaziyo ukuzala.
Imikhomo enezintambo ingenye yezidalwa ezihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi eziyimfihlakalo emhlabeni. Ngenxa yobungako bayo nendlela yokuphila yasolwandle olujulile, imikhomo kunzima kakhulu ukuyifunda endaweni yayo yemvelo, ngakho-ke zonke izifundo zamangqamuzana zenziwe ngemikhomo efile.
Ososayensi balwela ukutadisha ubuchopho balezi zilwane, ngoba ukwakheka kwazo kwezenhlalo, izindlela zokuxhumana kanye nendlela ababheka ngayo abantu kuliqiniso elimangalisayo endle. Imikhomo enezintambo ayinalo nolaka nakancane kubantu, kepha ikhombisa intshisekelo kubo sengathi ifana nabo. Kunombono phakathi kososayensi wokuthi ingqondo yemikhomo enezintambo ayingaphansi kowomuntu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani umkhomo ophelele
Imikhomo yamaFin ehlala eNyakatho naseNingizimu Nenkabazwe yehluka kancane komunye nomunye ngosayizi. Ngakho-ke, imikhomo yokugcina eNyakatho Nenkabazwe inobude obungamamitha ayi-18 kuye kwangama-25. Imikhomo yaseningizimu imikhulu - isuka kumamitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-30 ubude. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imikhomo yensikazi yokugcina imikhulu kunabesilisa - kubonakala sengathi inabile, kepha isisindo sayo asihlukile kunesisindo sabesilisa. Ubungqingili obunjalo bezocansi buseseyindida, kepha ososayensi basikisela ukuthi kuhlobene ngandlela thile nezici zokukhulelwa kwemikhomo nokuzalwa kwabo.
Ividiyo: Finwal
Imikhomo i-Fin isinda cishe amathani angama-40-70. Ngaphandle kokuthi imikhomo yokugcina icishe ilingane nemikhomo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (futhi kwesinye isikhathi kunabantu abakhulu kunemikhomo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), iba nesisindo esincane kakhulu. Imikhomo yamaFin ilula futhi imincanyana kunemikhomo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngakho-ke iyakwazi ukuhamba kalula. Lesi sakhiwo somzimba siphinde sivumele imikhomo emincane ukuba icwile ijule kunemikhomo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: UFinwhale ubuye aphume phambili "imikhomo emide" - imikhomo yesidoda nemikhomo yamakhanda okuphakama ubude, kepha futhi inesisindo esincane.
Umbala womkhomo wokugcina ufana nombala wokuzifihla wenhlanzi ye-herring, kepha imikhomo ayidingi ukuzifihla. Imihlane yawo kanye nenhloko yamakhanda abo kumnyama mpunga noma nsundu ngokunyama, okufana nomnyama emanzini. Ingxenye yangaphakathi yamaphiko, umhlathi ongezansi, ngemuva, nengxenye engaphakathi yomsila zinombala omhlophe noma ompunga okhanyayo.
Imikhomo i-fin ihlukile kunezinye izinhlobo zeminenga emincane enemibala engalingani engxenyeni engaphambili yomzimba. Umhlathi womkhomo ongezansi umhlophe ohlangothini lwesokunene, kepha umnyama kwesobunxele. Ithambo lomkhomo, "amazinyo" athambile omkhomo, adlula kuwo ekudleni, anombala ofanayo. Nomlomo nolimi lomkhomo kufakwe umbala ngakolunye uhlangothi - uhlangothi lwangakwesokudla lumnyama, kanti olwesobunxele lukhanya. Lo mbala ongaqondakali kuthiwa wenziwa ngofuzo oluye lwangena ngempumelelo emikhomeni ngesikhathi sokuvela. Umhlathi unamachaphaza amaningi ahanjiswayo anabela maphakathi nesisu.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Imikhomo ye-Fin inenkinobho yesisu.
Imikhomo ye-Fin ayivamisile ukunamathela kuma-polyps, izinkalankala nezinye izilwane eziphila ngokutholakala kwemikhomo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuhamba okuphezulu kwemikhomo - iyashesha futhi iyashesha, ngakho-ke kumane nje kuphazamise ukuthi izimuncagazi zihlale endaweni enamandla kangaka.
Uhlala kuphi umkhoma?
Isithombe: Kit fin whale
Imikhomo ye-Fin ihlukaniswe ngama-subspecies amabili, ahlukile komunye nomunye hhayi ngosayizi kuphela. Ama-Subspecies ahlala eNyakatho naseNingizimu Poles, ngokulandelana, futhi awalokothi ahlangane.
It:
- iNorth Atlantic (enyakatho) yomkhomo i-fin whale ihlala cishe kulo lonke i-World Ocean, hhayi nje ukubhukuda emanzini afudumele kakhulu. Uhola impilo engezansi, evuleka kuphela ngenxa yokuphefumula;
- I-South Atlantic (Antarctic) fin whale ihlala emanzini womabili abandayo futhi afudumele, kodwa futhi ihlala kude ne-equator. Lezi zinhlobo ezincane azivamile ukwedlula i-North Whale fin whale, kepha ingatholwa kaningi, njengoba kwesinye isikhathi ivela ngasogwini lolwandle.
Ama-Finwhals ahlala emanzini anosawoti kuphela. Azitholakali emachibini nasemifuleni - bavame ukungabhukudi lapho, njengoba besengozini yokungena emanzini angajulile. Indlela elula yokubona umkhomo osolwandle isolwandle oluvulekile noma olwandle.
Eqinisweni, imikhomo emincane iyizidalwa eziqaphe kakhulu ezikhetha ukugwema ogwini. Ngosizo lwe-echolocation, banquma kalula indawo yogu bese bezungeza yona. Kodwa kwesinye isikhathi, lapho ifuna ukudla, imikhomo ingabhukuda isondele ngasogwini lolwandle.
Ngokuvamile, imikhomo ibamba ukujula. Lapho bathola ukudla kwabo, bazalane futhi baxhumane. Le ndlela yokuphila eyimfihlo yenza kube nzima ukubona lezi zilwane futhi kubambezele ucwaningo ngokuziphatha kwemikhomo.
Manje uyazi ukuthi umkhomo wokugcina utholakalaphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Yini edliwa whale fin?
Isithombe: I-Finwal evela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Njengeminye imikhomo ye-baleen, imikhomo yokudla iphila nge-krill ne-plankton. Umhlambi wemikhomo uthola ukunqwabelana kwalokhu kudla bese ubhukuda kancane lapho, umlomo uvuleke kakhulu. UKrill uncela ufelezi emlonyeni womkhomo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngenxa yokungcola kwezilwandle zomhlaba, imikhomo iya ngokuya idle udoti wepulasitiki nowoyela.
Kodwa imikhomo yokugcina ibizwa ngokuthi imikhomo ye-herring ngesizathu. Bahlukile ngoba bangadla nezinhlanzi ezincane.
Ukudla kwabo kufaka futhi:
- i-herring;
- capelin;
- gerbil;
- isiswebhu;
- navaga;
- ingwane.
Lokhu kuziphatha kokudla okungajwayelekile kunzima ukukucacisa. Imikhomo ye-Fin kungenzeka ibe nezisu eziguqulwe ukugaya ukudla okuqinile okunjalo, futhi zidinga namaprotheni amaningi ukuze zihambe futhi zihambe ngokushesha.
I-Fin whale whale squid iyathakazelisa - ikakhulukazi ama-squid amakhulu. Imikhomo yamaFin ayinamazinyo abukhali njengemikhomo yesidoda, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukulwa ne-squid. Ukuphela kwendlela abondla ngayo ukuncela imbaza enkulu emlonyeni wabo, ukuyigwinya iphelele. Lokhu kudla kwanele ukuthi umkhomo ugaye amasonto ambalwa.
Kubuye kufakazelwe ukuthi ukudla izinhlanzi akuyona ingozi. Kwesinye isikhathi imikhomo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihudula izinhlanzi kanye ne-krill ngaphandle kokuyizingela ngenhloso. Imikhomo yamaFin ithola ngamabomu izikole ezinkulu zezinhlanzi. Okokuqala, isikole semikhomo sibhukuda sizungeze inhlanzi, siyishayise sibe yinqwaba eminyene. Njengoba zibhukude kude, imikhomo ilele ngohlangothi futhi ivule imilomo yayo, imunce kancane amathani amaningana ezinhlanzi ngasikhathi sinye.
Lesi sici saqashelwa amatilosi ngekhulu lama-20. Ngenkathi abantu bedoba ngenkuthalo, baqaphela ukuthi izikole eziphelele zemikhomo zazibhukuda eduze kwezikole zezinhlanzi, okwathi, lapho zisebenzisa leli thuba, zakwazi ukudonsa izinhlanzi emanetheni, zaphuca abadobi ingxenye enkulu yokubamba.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Finwal
Ama-Finwhal aqinile kakhulu, ngakho-ke ayabhukuda amakhilomitha angamakhulu ambalwa nsuku zonke eyofuna ukudla. Bahola kakhulu impilo yasemini - lapho-ke bamatasa babheka. Ebusuku nazo ziyaqhubeka nokubhukuda, kepha kancane kancane - yile ndlela imikhomo elala ngayo lapho ihamba.
Imikhomo Fin ukubekezelela ukushintsha kwamazinga okushisa kahle, ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezimo ezintsha zokuphila. Ngaphandle kokuthi ngisho nemikhomo yaseNyakatho ye-Atlantic ayithandi amanzi afudumele, zihlala kamnandi ezindaweni ezijwayelekile, kepha sezivele zikhona ezimweni zokushisa okuphezulu.
Ukujula okumaphakathi lapho imikhomo ihlala khona kungamamitha ayi-150. Yize iqiniso lokuthi imikhomo, njengeminye imikhomo, yakha imihlambi emincane efinyelela kwabayi-12, bahlala bodwa, bodwa. Kude, baxhumana bodwa besebenzisa i-echolocation. Imikhomo ye-Fin nayo iyasizana ekubambeni izinhlanzi kanye ne-plankton.
Ilukuluku liyabonakala nasemikhomeni. Njengezilwane zasolwandle olujulile, bangathola isikebhe ebusweni bamanzi, ngakho-ke babhukuda phezulu ukuze babheke into abangayazi. Imikhomo yamaFin, njengamadonphin, nayo iyathanda ukubhukuda eduze kwezikebhe futhi ize igxume iphume emanzini, idale amagagasi nokuqhuma.
Ziyizilwane ezihamba kakhulu futhi ezisheshayo, ezikwazi ukusheshisa zifike kuma-60 km / h. Ngaphandle komoya, umkhomo ungabhukuda ngokuphepha imizuzu eyi-15, ngemuva kwalokho uzoqala ukuminyaniswa. Imvamisa lesi sikhathi sanele ukukhuphukela phezulu kusuka ekujuleni okungaphezu kwamamitha angama-230.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Finwal, aka herring whale
Imikhomo ayifinyeleli ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eminyakeni ethile, kepha ekuphakameni okuthile. Lokhu kuyaphinda futhi kuqinisekisa inkolelo yokuthi ubude bomzimba wesifazane buhlobene ngqo nemisebenzi yakhe yokuzala. Ngakho-ke insikazi ifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngobude bomzimba obungu-18.5 m, nabesilisa - 17.7.
Ukuqomisana komkhomo kuzolile. Abesilisa babhukuda bezungeza insikazi eyodwa isikhathi eside, bemqoma ngazo zonke izindlela futhi becula "izingoma". Owesifazane ukhetha owesilisa amthanda kakhulu, ngemuva kwalokho ukukhwelana kuyenzeka bese owesilisa ebhukuda ahambe.
Ukuthwala ithole kuhlala unyaka wonke. Lapho insikazi isilungele ukubeletha, yehlela ekujuleni ilinde ezinye izinsikazi ukuthi ziyisize ngokubeletha. Imikhomo yabesifazane inomusa kakhulu komunye nomunye futhi iyasiza ekukhuliseni imikhomo.
Lapho insikazi izele, iphusha leli zinyane ngaphezulu ukuze iphefumule okokuqala. Ubude beKitenok abudluli kumamitha ayi-6, kanti isisindo sayo cishe siyingxenye eyodwa nengxenye. Ubisi lomkhomo lunamafutha kakhulu futhi lunomsoco, kanti umama uluncelisa ithole lize libe okungenani uhhafu wosayizi. Izinyane liphuza cishe amalitha angama-70 obisi lwebele ngosuku.
Lapho umkhomo ufinyelela ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-12, uyahlukana nonina futhi ubhukude. AmaFinwhals aphila okungenani iminyaka engama-50, kepha le datha ayinembile. Kunobufakazi bokuthi abantu bangaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-115.
Izitha zemvelo zemikhomo
Isithombe: Wit fin whale
AmaFinwhals makhulu ngosayizi, yingakho engenazo neze izitha zemvelo. Asikho isilwane esikwazi ukubhekana nomkhomo endaweni yawo yemvelo. Kodwa-ke, imikhomo ihlangana noshaka abakhulu abamhlophe.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi imikhomo emikhulu ayinasithakazelo kulesi silwane esinolaka (ushaka omkhulu omhlophe awuboni imikhomo emikhulu njengokudla), oshaka banganaka amawundlu.
Imikhomo i-Fin whale futhi iyahamba kancane maqondana noshaka abamhlophe, yize iwumkhomo oshesha kakhulu emndenini wakwa-minke. Ushaka angabulala ingane yomkhomo ngokwenza amadeshi ambalwa ngokushesha futhi alume izingcezu ezisindayo kuwo. Oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe bangadlula amawundlu abo ngobude, kanti abantu abakhulu kakhulu bafinyelela kubude bamamitha ayisishiyagalombili.
Ngakho-ke, imihlambi yemikhomo ebekiwe inquma ukuba khona kwezilwane ezisebenzisa i-echolocation bese izedlula. Ukuhlaselwa koshaka omhlophe ezinganeni zemikhomo akuvamile kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungashiwo ukuthi imikhomo emincane ayizingelwa izidalwa zemvelo.
Kunobufakazi bokuthi imikhomo egulayo iyagezwa ogwini. Kungase kungabi imikhomo nje ehlushwa izifo - obunye ubufakazi bokuthi "ukuzibulala" komkhomo akukaze kuthethelelwe. Ngemuva kwalokho imikhomo iba ukudla kwazo zonke izilwane zasogwini. Imizimba yabo iya kokondla ama-seagulls, ama-albatross, ama-petrels; izinkalankala ne-starfish zinamathela kubo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani umkhomo ophelile
Ngesikhathi sika-1974, inani lemikhomo lase linciphe kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, kwakukhona abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-460 zalezi zilwane, kepha ukweqa okubukhali kubantu kwabanciphisa baba yizinkulungwane eziyi-101. Okwamanje, inani lemikhomo yaseNyakatho ye-Atlantic lingaba yizinkulungwane eziyishumi, kanti ngaphambi kwalokho bekukhona abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-50.
Izizathu zokwehla kwabantu zimi kanje:
- ukushaywa komkhomo. Yathola ukuthandwa okukhulu eminyakeni eyikhulu eyedlule, lapho uwoyela womkhomo namathambo omkhomo kwakuthandwa kakhulu emakethe. Zonke izinhlobo zezinto zokwelapha ziye zakhonjwa izitho zomkhomo. Ukudoba ngokweqile kuholele ekufeni kwemikhomo yokugcina eyizinkulungwane ezingama-58;
- ukudoba. Ama-Finwhals adinga inani elikhulu lokudla. Ukudoba okubulala i-herring, i-cod, i-halibut nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi esikalini sezimboni kuncisha imikhomo emikhulu ukudla kwayo kwemvelo;
- ukungcoliswa kwezilwandle. I-Finwhals inhle ekujwayeleni ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, kepha ayikwazi ukubhekana nemfucuza eminingi egcina olwandle. Kutholakale isamba semfucumfucu epulasitiki esiswini semikhomo esigeze ogwini, esingenakugaywa futhi sivale umphimbo wemikhomo. Futhi, imikhomo igwinya ukuchitheka kukawoyela, okuholela ekufeni kwezilwane.
Ukuvikelwa komkhomo
Isithombe: I-Finwal evela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Kusukela ngo-1980, ukuzingelwa kwemikhomo sekuvinjelwe ngokuphelele. Ukuvinjelwa kusebenza ngisho nakubantu bomdabu basenyakatho, abasebenzisa amanoni nomkhomo wemikhomo emisha empilweni yabo yansuku zonke. IFinwal izokwengeza imihlangano yokuqala neyesibili yokuHwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba ngezinhlobo ezisengozini yezilwane zasendle nezimbali ku-Annex. Kubalwe njengohlobo olusengozini ebucayi.
Ukwenqatshelwa okuqinile kusebenza nasezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona imikhomo eminingi. Ukudoba akuvunyelwe lapho, ngoba inhlanzi iya kokondla lezi zilwane. Ama-Finwhal anekhono elimangalisayo lokuzala. Ngandlela thile, abesifazane bakuzwa ukwehla kwesibalo sezinhlobo zabo. Uma inani labantu lisendaweni ebucayi, abesifazane abondla amawundlu abo bangathwala enye ikati ngesikhathi sokudla.
Yile ndlela ukushintshaniswa kwenkathi yemikhomo ekugcineni. Isikhathi esilinganiselwe esithatha imikhomo yokugcina ukufinyelela ebusheni siguqulwa ngeminyaka eyisithupha noma ngisho neyishumi. Imikhomo, izizwa isongelwa ngokuqothulwa, ingakhulelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuze igcwalise inani lohlobo lwayo.
I-Finwhal - isilwane esimangalisayo esihlala cishe kuwo wonke amanzi olwandle. Bavame ukubhukuda baye ezikebheni nasemikhunjini, bezibonakalisa kuyo yonke inkazimulo yabo. Inani lemikhomo elincane liyalulama kancane kancane ngenxa yemikhuba yokongiwa eyenziwayo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/07/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/28/2019 ngo-22: 56
