Kingfisher

Kingfisher Ingabe enye yezinyoni ezinhle kakhulu ezitholakala eYurophu. Ngenxa yombala wayo ogqamile nosayizi omncane, abantu babiza i-kingfisher nge-hummingbird yaseYurophu, futhi abaqhelelene neqiniso, ngoba zombili lezi zinyoni zinhle kakhulu futhi zinomusa emoyeni. Ngokomlando wasebhayibhelini, u-kingfisher wathola umbala onjalo okhanyayo ngemuva kukaZamcolo Omkhulu. UNowa wakhipha inyoni emkhunjini, yandizela phezulu kakhulu kangangokuba izimpaphe zayo zathatha umbala wesibhakabhaka, nelanga lahangula isifuba salo futhi laba bomvu.

Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo

Isithombe: Kingfisher

Ama-Kingfisher ayaziwa kusukela endulo futhi izincazelo zawo zokuqala zaqala ngekhulu lesi-2 BC. Ngenxa yokungathobeki kwabo nokumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi, abamele umndeni we-kingfisher bahlala endaweni enkulu ukusuka e-Afrika kuya eRussia.

Umndeni we-kingfisher (igama lesiNgisi i-Alcedinidae) lihleleke kakhulu ngezinyoni, okubandakanya izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ezigcwele, ezihlukile ngombala, ubukhulu nendawo yokuhlala.

Ividiyo: Kingfisher

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-kingfisher azo zonke izinhlobo ahlukaniswa yizici ezilandelayo:

• usayizi omncane (kufika ku-50 amagremu);
• uqhwaku olude, olulungele ukudoba;
• umsila omfishane namaphiko;
• umbala okhanyayo;
• isikhathi sokuphila siyiminyaka eyi-12-15;
• imilenze emifushane nebuthakathaka, engakhelwanga ukuhamba isikhathi eside emagatsheni ezihlahla noma emhlabathini.

Abamele abesilisa nabesifazane banombala ofanayo, kepha abesilisa bacishe babe yisikhathi esisodwa nesigamu kunabesifazane. Izimpaphe zezinyoni azifiphele, zimbozwe ifilimu elincane elinamafutha elivikela izimpaphe ekubeni manzi. Ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo kuphela okungenza ama-kingfisher akhanye futhi abukeke.

Iqiniso elithandekayo: Izimpaphe zenyoni ebomvu noma ekhanyayo yewolintshi inombala ongajwayelekile we-carotenoid. Ngenxa yobukhona balesi sakhi sombala, umbala wale nyoni une-sheen yensimbi evelele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abadobi benkosi abakuthandi ukuxokozela nokuphithizela, bekhetha indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo. Bazama ukungazinzile eduze kwendawo yokuhlala yomuntu futhi bagweme ukuhlangana naye. Ukucula kwezinyoni ngaphezu kwakho konke kufana nokuhayiza kondlunkulu futhi akumnandi endlebeni yomuntu.

Ukubukeka nezici

Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjena u-kingfisher

Ukuvela kwesinambuzane kuncike ohlotsheni lwaso.

I-ornithology yakudala ihlukanisa ama-kingfisher ezinhlotsheni ezi-6 ezihlukene:

• ejwayelekile (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwenyoni. Nguye abantu ababona kaningi. I-kingfisher eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihlala engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Afrika iye enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeRussia. Le nyoni ebabazekayo ihlala osebeni lwemifula emikhulu. Ngeshwa, eminyakeni edlule, isibalo se-kingfisher esivamile siyancipha, njengoba abantu banda endaweni yabo futhi izinyoni zimane zingenazo izindawo ezizimele zokwakha izidleke;
• ezimthende. Inyoni ethanda ukushisa idla kuphela engxenyeni yase-Asia e-Eurasia naseziqhingini eziningana ezishisayo. Ihluka ngosayizi owandisiwe (kufika kumasentimitha ayi-16) kanti abesilisa babonisa umugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ogqamile esifubeni;
• okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhulu. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu ze-kingfisher (kufika kumasentimitha angama-22). Zihlukile kofishi abajwayelekile ngosayizi nombala ogqamile. Le nyoni ayibonakali iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka egqamile, umbala wesibhakabhaka sasehlobo. Izinyoni ezinjalo zitholakala endaweni encane kakhulu ngaphansi kwezintaba zaseHimalaya nasezifundazweni eziseningizimu neChina;
• oluluhlaza. Umhlali wase-Afrika othanda ukushisa. Iningi labadobi abangama-turquoise lakha ngasogwini loMfula iNayile naseLimpopo. Njengoba kungenzima ukuqagela, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo ukuthi umbala wayo unombala we-turquoise futhi nentamo emhlophe. I-turquoise kingfisher iyakwazi ukusinda esomisweni esinamandla futhi iyakwazi ukubamba ngisho nezinyoka ezincane zamanzi.
• okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Bahlala emazweni ase-Asia. Zihlukaniswa ngosayizi wazo omncane nokuhamba okuphezulu, okwenza kube lula ukuzingela i-gazinga elisheshayo kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, isici sabo esiyinhloko esihlukanisayo izimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phezulu kwekhanda nesisu esiwolintshi;
• imfezi. Imelela umbala wayo omnyama wezimpaphe ze-cobalt. Izidleke zayo emahlathini aseNingizimu Melika futhi umbala omnyama kangaka usiza inyoni ukuzifihla ngemuva kwemifula ehamba kancane futhi ejulile.

Manje uyazi ukuthi inyoni ye-kingfisher ibukeka kanjani. Ake sibone ukuthi lesi silwane sitholakalaphi.

Ihlala kuphi i-kingfisher?

Isithombe: Kingfisher eRussia

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, indawo okuhlala kuyo isihlanzana inkulu kakhulu. Izinhlobo zezinyoni ezahlukahlukene ziyachuma e-Eurasia, e-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika. AmaKingfisher angatholakala eziqhingini ezingaphandle zase-Indonesia, eziqhingini zaseCaribbean naseNew Zealand.

Naphezu kwesimo sezulu esibi saseRussia, i-kingfisher ivame kakhulu lapha. Ngokusho kwezibalo zezazi zezinyoni, izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zezimboni zezinyoni zakha eduze kwamadolobha aseSiberia njengeTomsk, iNovosibirsk, iKrasnoyarsk. Isidleke esisenyakatho saqoshwa emlonyeni we-Angara, kanye nasemngceleni weKazakhstan (engekude nePavlodar).

Kepha inani elikhulu kakhulu labadobi base-king elise-Italy. Ngo-2017, cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi babhaliswa, bezalela ezifundeni ezisenyakatho yezwe. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, imindeni emincane iye yabonakala eCrimea, kanye naseKuban. Kukholakala ukuthi kunokufuduka okuhamba kancane futhi inani labadobi bamakhosi eRussia lizokwanda.

Isimo sibhebhethekiswa iqiniso lokuthi isicikilidi sikhetha kakhulu izindawo zokwakha izidleke. Izophila futhi izalele kuphela endaweni eseduze nomfula ogeleza (kepha hhayi amanzi asheshayo) onamabhange aphezulu enesihlabathi noma obumba. Le nyoni ayithandi nje kuphela ukuhlala nabantu, kodwa futhi nezinye izinyoni. Ngokwemvelo, izidingo eziqinile ezifana nalezi ziya ngokuya zijwayeleka kakhulu futhi nenani labadobi bama-kingfif liyancipha unyaka nonyaka.

Idla ngani imbaza?

Isithombe: Inyoni yaseKingfisher

Ukudla kwale nyoni akujwayelekile kakhulu. Udla kuphela okutholakala emfuleni.

Inkambo enkulu futhi eyinhloko ye-kingfisher inhlanzi encane, kepha ukudla kungafaka futhi:

• onoshobishobi namaxoxo amancane;
• izinyoka zamanzi (e-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika);
• ama-molluscs amancane;
• imfanzi;
• izinambuzane zasemanzini.

I-kingfisher i-diver engenakuqhathaniswa, futhi iyakwazi ukuhamba ngaphansi kwamanzi ngejubane elikhulu. Ukuzingelwa kwezilwane kanje. Le nyoni iba yiqhwa emagatsheni ezihlahla ezisogwini lolwandle futhi ingahlala inganyakazi amashumi ambalwa emizuzu.

Bese kuthi, lapho ibona inyamazane, i-kingfisher iwele ngokushesha emanzini, ibambe ifry noma inhlanzi bese ibuyela emuva ngokushesha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le nyoni ayikaze igwinye inyamazane ephilayo. Uyishaya kaningi inhlanzi esihlahleni noma emhlabathini, futhi ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi isisulu sifile, uyasigwinya.

Ngaphandle kokuthi le nyoni incane ngosayizi futhi inesisindo samashumi kuphela amagremu ambalwa, ngezikhathi zasemini ingabamba futhi idle izinhlanzi eziyi-10-12. Lapho kufika isikhathi sokondla insikazi namachwane esidlekeni, ukubamba owesilisa kuyanda ngesigamu esisodwa nengxenye. Ngalesi sikhathi, isisindo esiphelele sezinhlanzi ezibanjwe ngosuku singadlula isisindo se-kingfisher uqobo. Le nyoni ayikuqapheli ukudla kokuzenzela futhi izondla kuphela ngalokho engazibamba ngakho.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Kingfisher endizeni

I-kingfisher ingenye yezinyoni ezimbalwa emhlabeni ezizizwa kahle ngokulinganayo ezintweni ezintathu: emhlabeni, emanzini nasemoyeni. Emhlabathini, izinyoni zimba (noma zithole) imisele lapho zizalela khona. Ama-Kingfisher athola ukudla emanzini, futhi imvamisa ukugeza nje. Futhi emoyeni, lezi zinyoni ziyakwazi ukwenza izimangaliso, zikhombisa umusa nomusa.

Le nyoni ithanda indlela yokuphila engayodwa, futhi ayizihlanganisi nezinye izinyoni kuphela, kodwa ngisho nasezihlotsheni zayo. Ngokungafani ne-swallows, emba imingxunya yayo ngamasentimitha ambalwa ukuqhela, ibanga eliphakathi kwe-kingfisher minks lingamamitha angama-300-400. Okufanelekile, leli banga lifinyelela ikhilomitha eli-1.

Ezinye izinyoni ezingena endaweni ye-kingfisher zibhekwa njengezitha, futhi inyoni ngokushesha iqala ukuzihlasela. Ngakho-ke, entwasahlobo ungabona kaningi ama-kingfisher ehlukanisa insimu noma ekhala ngemigodi ethokomele kakhulu.

Kufanele kuthiwe umvundla akahlanzekile kakhulu. Kunephunga elizungeza indawo yokwakha isidleke salo, njengoba inyoni ibuyisa amathambo mink uqobo, noma eduze kwayo. AmaKingfisher awakwazi ukubekezelela ubulongwe bamachwane awo bese exubana namathambo nezinsalela zezinhlanzi ezibolayo, okwenza iphunga eliqhubekayo nelingemnandi.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: Ama-kingfisher

Ekujuleni kwawo, ama-kingfishers athanda ukuzimela. Bayakugwema ukuphila kobandlululo futhi bahlala ngababili kuphela. Ngenxa yale ndlela yokuphila, kunenkolelo evamile yokuthi ama-kingfisher enza ama-pair azinzile, kepha lokhu akunjalo neze. Imvamisa, abesilisa bangena ebudlelwaneni besithembu futhi baba nemindeni eminingana.

Lezi zithandani zakheka kanjena. Owesilisa wethula inhlanzi esanda kubanjwa (noma enye inyamazane) kowesifazane, futhi uma umnikelo wamukelwa, kwakheka umbhangqwana ozinzile, ongaqhubeka izinkathi ezithile zonyaka.

Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ngemuva kokuphela kwesizini efudumele, lezi zithandani ziyahlukana futhi izinyoni zindiza zodwa zodwa ukuze zihlale ubusika, imvamisa zinemihlambi ehlukahlukene. Kepha ngokuqala kwesizini entsha, lo mbhangqwana uyahlangana futhi uhlale ku-mink yakudala.

I-kingfisher iyinhlobo yezinyoni ezingandile ezibhola imigodi emhlabathini. Indawo ejwayelekile ye-mink isosebeni lomfula olusemaphethelweni aseduze kwamanzi. Le nyoni ivame ukufihla isidleke ngezitshalo noma ngezihlahla. Isidleke esihlonyiswe ngokuphelele singaba imitha eli-1 ubude. I-mink empeleni iphela ngekamelo elikhulu, futhi kulapho inyoni ihlomisa khona isidleke sayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nyoni ibeka amaqanda ngaphandle kombhede, khona kanye emhlabathini ongenalutho.

Ngokwesilinganiso, i-kingfisher izalela amaqanda ama-5-7, kepha kunezimo lapho i-clutch idlula amaqanda ayi-10 futhi abazali bekwazi ukondla wonke amaphuphu. Bobabili abazali babambe iqhaza ekuchamuseleni. Wonke amasonto amathathu ahlala emaqandeni ngokulandelana, abuke ukulandelana okuqinile futhi angayinaki imisebenzi yawo.

Amachwane e-Kingfisher azalwa eyimpumputhe futhi engenazimpaphe, kodwa akhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukukhula okusebenzayo, badinga inani elikhulu lokudla futhi abazali kufanele babambe izinhlanzi nezinye izakhamuzi zemifula kusukela ekuseni kuze kuhlwe. Kungakapheli nenyanga, amaphuphu amancane aphuma esidlekeni bese eqala ukuzingela ngokwawo.

Ziphansi kunabantu abadala ngosayizi nokukhanya kwezimpaphe, yize zingashesha kangako emoyeni. Izinsuku ezimbalwa izinhlanzi ezincane ezindizayo zihamba nabazali bazo futhi ziyaqhubeka nokuthatha ukudla kubo, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziyandiza zisuke esidlekeni sazo. Emazweni afudumele, ama-kingfisher anesikhathi sokuzala izingane ezi-2 ngaphambi kokundiza ebusika.

Izitha zemvelo zenjwabu

Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjena u-kingfisher

Endle, i-kingfisher ayinazitha eziningi kakhulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi oKlebe nokhokho. Iqiniso ukuthi i-kingfisher iyaqikelela kakhulu futhi imasila umgodi wayo kahle. Noma izingela, le nyoni ihlala inganyakazi esihlahleni futhi ayihehi izilwane eziyizingelayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho i-kingfisher esemoyeni iyakwazi ukusheshisa ize ifike kumakhilomitha angama-70 ngehora kanti ngisho noxhaka osheshayo akulula ukubamba inyamazane enjalo esheshayo. Konke lokhu kwenza kube isisulu esinzima kakhulu, futhi izinyoni ezidla izinyamazane kuyaqabukela zizingela i-kingfisher, zizama ukuthola inyamazane elula.

Izilwane ezidla izinkuni ezifana nezimpungushe, ama-ferrets nama-martens nazo azikwazi ukulimaza izinyoni noma ukubhubhisa isidleke. Izilwane ezinezinyawo ezine azimane zingene emgodini futhi azikwazi ukufinyelela amaqanda ngezidladla zawo. Intsha isengozini enkulu, ngoba ayikaqapheli ngokwanele futhi ingahlaselwa izinyoni ezidla inyama.

Ukulimala okukhulu kwabadobi benkosi kudalwa yimisebenzi yabantu, eyehlisa indawo yokuhlala kwale nyoni kanye nenani lezindawo ezilungele ukwakha izidleke. Kunamacala amaningi abadobi benkosi abashona ngenxa yokungcola kwemifula noma ukwehla kwesibalo sezinhlanzi. Kwenzeka ukuthi owesilisa uphoqeleke ukuba ashiye isidleke ngamatshwele, ngoba akakwazi ukondla umndeni. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni amaphuphu abulawe yindlala.

Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo

Isithombe: Inyoni yaseKingfisher

Ngenhlanhla, inani le-kingfisher liphephile. Ezwenikazi lase-Eurasia kuphela, izazi zezinyoni zibala cishe izinyoni ezingama-300 nezinombolo zazo zihlala zizinzile.

Njengoba sekushiwo, inani elikhulu kakhulu labadobi baseYurophu elitholakala e-Italy. Kunabantu abangaba yizinkulungwane eziyikhulu kuleli. Indawo yesibili ekusatshalalisweni kwezinkukhu yiRussia. Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwama-kingfisher idlula indawo enkulu, iqala kusukela phezulu eDon naseSt.Petersburg iphele ngomlomo weDvina nezindawo ezisemngceleni neKazakhstan.

Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, ama-kingfisher abonakele eMeschera National Park, esemngceleni wezifunda zaseRyazan, eVladimir naseMoscow. Ngakho-ke, lezi zinyoni zizwa kahle kakhulu ngamakhilomitha angamakhulu amabili kuphela ukusuka enhlokodolobha yaseRussia.

E-Afrika, eNingizimu Melika kanye nasemazweni ase-Asia, inani eliqondile labadobi benkosi abaziwa, kepha noma ngokusho kokulinganisela okulindelekile, inani labo okungenani liyingxenye yesigidi. Izindawo ezinkulu ezingahlali muntu ezwenikazi i-Afrika yizona ezilungele le nyoni.

Okuwukuphela kwesifunda emhlabeni lapho i-kingfisher ifakiwe kwiRed Book yiBuryatia. Kodwa ukwehla kwesibalo sezinyoni lapho kwakubangelwa ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo zamandla kagesi ophehla amanzi, okwaphazamisa ukulingana kwemifula futhi kwanciphisa indawo yokuhlala yabadobi benkosi.

Kingfisher Ingabe ingenye yezinyoni ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni. Lesi sidalwa esiyingqayizivele sizizwa sihle emhlabeni, emanzini nasemoyeni, futhi abantu kumele benze konke okusemandleni ukugcina inani lalezi zinyoni lisezingeni elifanayo.

Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/04/2019

Usuku lokuvuselela: 09/28/2019 ngo-21: 32