Mhlawumbe inyoni iyathanda kancane, ayijwayeleki kwabaningi, kodwa egameni kuvela ngokushesha ukuthi ukukhala kwakhe akujwayelekile. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi lo muntu onezimpaphe uyini, unendawo yokuhlala unomphela, imenyu yakhe iqukethe izitsha ezinjani, ibukeka kanjani ngaphandle nokuthi siyini isimo saso esifana nezinyoni?
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
I-bittern ihlobene nomndeni we-heron nokuhleleka kwama-storks. Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi igama lenyoni lihlotshaniswa negama elithi "hhewula", i.e. ukukhipha ukukhala, futhi kubaphuzi abajwayeleki futhi baxakile impela, ngisho nokwethusa okuncane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: AmaSlavs asendulo ayesaba ukukhala kwe-bittern, ebabheka njengokukhala kwayo yonke imimoya emibi nemifino. Abantu babengayi ngakunye baye emaxhaphozini amabi, ayethathwa njengamabi. Kwakukhona-ke nenkolelo yokuthi ukuzwa ukukhala kwesiphuzo exhaphozini kufanekisela okuthile okubi, kanti le nyoni uqobo lwayo yayibizwa ngokuthi luphawu lobubi.
Ngaphandle, i-bittern ayethusi njengoba besho ngayo, kepha ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi iyathandeka. Ukubukeka kwe-bittern kungokoqobo impela, yebo, ekubukekeni kwayo kunezici ezifana ne-heron, kepha le nyoni ibukeka ingeyangempela, ngeke ididaniswe nanoma yimuphi omunye umuntu onezimpaphe. Ake sizame ukuchaza kafushane izici ezithile zezinhlobo ezithile zama-bitterns, sizonikeza incazelo ye-bittern enkulu kamuva, ngoba kuzochazwa kabanzi.
Ividiyo: Bit
I-bittern yaseMelika inosayizi ophakathi nendawo. Ihlukaniswa ngentamo ebanzi futhi enkulu nemilenze emifushane, lapho izidladla zayo eziwugqinsi zibonakala kahle. Ububanzi obukhulu bezimpaphe zale nyoni bunsundu, buhlotshiswe ngamaphethini omthende namabala. Izimpiko zinomthunzi omnyama, futhi intamo, kunalokho, ilula ukwedlula isizinda esiyinhloko. Isisu simhlophe sophaphe futhi sinamachaphazelo amnyama. Lezi zinyoni zakhethwa yiCanada kanye ne-United States. Akumangazi ukuthi le bittern nayo iyakhala, kodwa ngendlela yayo, kwesinye isikhathi ibukhali kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside kakhulu. Abantu bendawo bakholelwa ukuthi lesi simemezelo siyefana nomsindo owenziwa yimpompo evinjiwe.
I-bittern encane ayihlukile ngosayizi omkhulu, ubude bomzimba wayo bufinyelela kuma-36 cm, kanti isisindo sayo cishe siyi-150 gram. Imibala yabanumzane abanezimpaphe yehlukile kuleyo yezintokazi ezinamaphiko. Abesilisa banesigqoko esimnyama esinombala oluhlaza emakhanda abo. I-caftan yabo ine-tint emhlophe e-cream ngemuva, amathiphu amhlophe akhona ezimpapheni ezingezansi, futhi ayi-ocher ezansi. Uqhwaku lweduna luphuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani. Abesifazane banengubo e-brown ehlukahlukene, lapho kubonakala khona izindawo ezinombala we-ocher. Lezi zinyoni zihlala e-Eurasia, e-Australia nasezwenikazi elishisayo lase-Afrika, ziyatholakala futhi ezweni lethu.
I-Amur spinning top nayo ingeyezinhlobo ze-bittern. Lesi sincane esinezimpaphe, ubude bomzimba waso abudluli kumasentimitha angama-39. Uqhwaku nezitho zomzimba phezulu kupendwe ngokuphuzi. Umbala wezimpaphe unethoni ebomvu-nsundu, lapho kubonakala khona amabhlogo ahlukahlukene kanye namaphethini amnyama amnyama. Laba bantu abanezimpaphe bahlala, ikakhulukazi, izikhala zase-Asia.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-bittern
Ake sichaze izimpawu nezimpawu zangaphandle sisebenzisa isibonelo se-bittern enkulu. Njengoba sekushiwo, ukubonakala kwe-bittern enkulu kungokoqobo. Kungakho kukhulu, ngoba phakathi kwazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo, inezilinganiso ezinkulu kakhulu, ezisindayo. Abesifazane bancane kunabanumzane babo, ubukhulu bawo busukela kukhilogremu elilodwa kuya kwamabili, kuthi abesilisa bakhule bafike kuma-65 - 70 cm ukuphakama.Ubude bezimpiko zabesilisa bucishe bube ngama-34 cm, kanti kwabesifazane - amasentimitha angama-31. ebangeni kusuka ku-120 kuye ku-130 cm.
Uma siveza umbala wezinyoni, bese kuthi emmangweni izimpaphe zibe nombala omnyama onomphetho ophuzi, umbala osekhanda uyafana. Isisu se-bittern sine-ocher enemibala; ihlotshiswe ngephethini eguqukayo yamathoni ansundu. Ithoni ensundu ephuzi enemihlobiso emnyama ehlukile iyabonakala endaweni yomsila. Umsila wenyoni uqobo ufushane futhi uyindilinga ekugcineni. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi i-bittern inombala onjalo, ivumela inyoni ukuba izifihle ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke leyo enezimpaphe akulula kangako ukuyibona emahlathini emhlanga nasemhlangeni, avame ukukhula ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi.
Umlomo we-bittern enkulu uphuzi ngokukhanyayo, unamachashaza amnyama ahlakazekile abonakala ngokucacile kuwo. Uqhwaku ngokwalo lunamandla impela futhi lunezinothi ezincane. Amehlo ezinyoni nawo aphuzi noma anombala onsundu. Izitho ze-bittern zidwetshiwe ngesikali esimpunga, lapho kubonakala khona ithoni eluhlaza okotshani. Izinyoni ezisencane zinombala wezimpaphe ezilula uma ziqhathaniswa nezinyoni esezikhulile. Lapho i-bittern indiza, ukufana kwayo nesikhova kuyabonakala.
Manje uyazi ukuthi inyoni ye-bittern ibukeka kanjani. Ake sibone ukuthi lesi silwane sitholakalaphi.
Ihlala kuphi ibittern?
Isithombe: I-Bittern indiza
Indawo yokwabiwa kwe-bittern enkulu inkulu kakhulu, inyoni ihlala kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- Izwe laseMpumalanga Yurophu;
- EPortugal;
- Iran;
- ENingizimu yePalestine;
- Afghanistan;
- ISakhalin;
- EJapan;
- ICaucasus;
- ITransbaikalia;
- INyakatho Ntshonalanga yeMongolia;
- IMedithera;
- India;
- ENyakatho naseNingizimu Afrika.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-bittern ayinakho ukufana kokuhlala futhi ayihlukile ngezinombolo. Lapho isimo sezulu singesincane, i-bittern ihlala phansi, futhi ezindaweni ezinzima kakhulu futhi ezibandayo indiza ubusika ezindaweni ezifudumele, iya ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, enyakatho yeNdiya, eBurma, e-Arabia naseningizimu yeChina.
Kusuka egameni lale nyoni kuyacaca ukuthi i-American bittern yakhethwa yi-United States, kodwa nayo yabhaliswa eCanada. Lapho kuvela isidingo (esimweni sezulu esibandayo), le nyoni iyafuduka, isondela eCentral America naseCaribbean. Abaphezulu be-Amur bathanda izindawo ezivulekile zase-Asia.
Ukuphila okuncane okuncane entshonalanga yezwe lethu, wakhetha izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba:
- Afrika;
- Australia;
- I-Eurasia.
Ngokuqondene nendawo yokuhlala i-bittern, izindawo ezizithandayo ziyizindawo ezingamaxhaphozi, amaxhaphozi ane-viscous, amachibi agcwele i-alder ne-willow. Le nyoni inesithakazelo ezindaweni lapho i-current ingekho ngokuphelele, noma ibuthakathaka kakhulu. Angakwazi ukuhlomisa izindawo zakhe zokwakha izidleke eziqhingini ezincane zemifudlana edangele. Ithanda umhlanga we-bittern reed kanye nomhlanga, lapho ihlangana khona nombala wayo wokufihla.
Yini edliwa yi-bitterner?
Isithombe: Inyoni yeBittern
Ekudleni, i-bittern ayithobeki, ukudla kwayo kuhluke kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, kumenyu yezinyoni kunezitsha zezinhlanzi, akaphikisi ukudla okulula:
- ipiki encane;
- ukhaphethi;
- ama-perches;
- ama-molts;
- ama-eels.
Uthanda ukuphuza ukuzitika ngamaxoxo, udla onoshobishobi, amagundane amancane amanzi, amagundane amancane, izikelemu, izimpungushe, zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane zasemanzini nezibungu zazo. Ngokuvamile, noma isiphi isidalwa esiphilayo esihlala emaxhaphozini kufanelekile ukuba sidle ngokudla okungathobekile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngezikhathi ezinzima, lapho izinto zixinene nokudla, i-bittern robs, ichitha izindawo zabanye izidleke zezinyoni zasemanzini, lapho itshontsha khona amaqanda futhi idle amatshwele. Le nyoni iphatha amazinyane ayo asanda kuzalwa ngonozinti.
I-bittern iya ukuzingela kusihlwa. Ubukeka ethukuthele futhi engenabungani ngalesi sikhathi, uyakhwehlela ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha ekuzingeleni ukhombisa ubuhlakani, umdlandla, ikhono lamasu nobukhali. I-bittern ithatha amagxathu amaningana, bese iba yiqhwa endaweni, ibheke isisulu esingaba yisisulu, bese yenza isibopho esisheshayo, ibambe umuntu ohluphekayo ngoqhwaku lwayo, oluqinile kangangokuthi lungabamba kalula i-eel eshelelayo kakhulu. Noma, esengene olakeni lokuzingela, i-bittern ayikhohlwa ngengozi, ngakho-ke uhlala ephapheme, ekhombisa ukuqapha nokuqapha.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ibhuku elivela eRed Book
IBittern ingezinyoni ezifudukayo; ibuyela endaweni yezwe lethu kusuka ezifundeni ezifudumele entwasahlobo kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi, konke kuya ngesimo sezulu sendawo ethile lapho kubhaliswe khona inyoni. Futhi abanamaphiko bathuthela eningizimu kakade ngoSepthemba. IBittern iyisizungu, ngakho-ke indizela ubusika yodwa ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwenkampani. Kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, kunezinyoni ezihlala phansi ezingafa ngenkathi ebandayo uma izinqolobane zokuhlala kwazo zimbozwe yiqhwa.
Njengoba sekubikiwe, i-bittern iyasebenza kusihlwa, futhi ngesikhathi sasemini ivame ukuba yiqhwa emihlangeni yomhlanga noma yomhlanga. Imile inganyakazi, le nyoni ihlehlisa ikhanda layo, ihleke ngokufuna ukwazi futhi icindezele umlenze owodwa enganciki kuwo. IBittern ingungqondongqondo wokuzifihla, kunzima ukuyihlola emhlangeni, ibukeka njengeziqu eziphakathi. Lapho umuntu onezimpaphe ezwa usongo, luvele lululeke, ikhanda lakhe liyaphakama ukuze isibalo sonke siqale ukufana nomhlanga.
Kukhona izinganekwane ezesabekayo mayelana nokubabaza kwebittern, kungazwakala kusuka kude ngamakhilomitha ambalwa, kuzwakala ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yomshado. Ngenxa yokukhala kwezinyoni, i-bittern yethiwa igama elithi "boogey", kanti le nyoni ibizwa nangokuthi "booze". Umsindo ungaqhathaniswa nokuduma komoya ongena emapayipini noma ukuduma kwenkunzi okungazwakali. Le nyoni yenza imisindo enjalo ngokuqina kwayo okuvuvukala, okuphinde kuzwakale okwangempela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Emsebenzini odumile kaK. Doyle mayelana nenja yamaBaskervilles, isimemezelo esesabekayo sokuhwalala okwethusa amaqhawe emibhalo kwakungesoxhakaxhaka lwexhaphozi.
Inqubo ye-molting ye-bittern yenzeka kanye ngonyaka, futhi ithatha kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari. Izinyoni zakha ngazimbili ngenkathi yasehlobo, bese ziphila namachwane, kanti sonke isikhathi zithanda ukuba zodwa ngokuphelele. I-Bittern ingabizwa ngokuthi i-hermit engenabungani engathandi ukuba semphakathini, ehola impilo yayo eyedwa, eyimfihlo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Bittern chick
I-bittern ivuthwa ngokocansi lapho iba nonyaka owodwa ubudala. Imibhangqwana ikhetha impilo yomndeni ongayedwa, kude nezihlobo zayo ezinezimpaphe. Sesivele sishilo ukuthi imikhwenyana enezimpaphe yozakwethu ibiza kanjani ngosizo lomsindo wabo. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi abesilisa bafuna okhethiweyo wabo isikhathi eside, bezulazula emaxhaphozini nasezixhaphozini. Imvamisa kuba nokuhilizisana nokulwa phakathi kwabanumzane.
Lapho kudalwa umbhangqwana, insikazi iqala ukuhlomisa indawo yokwakha isidleke, etholakala emibhedeni yomhlanga nasemabhampini ebhogi. Ku-bittern enkulu, isidleke sinomumo oyindilinga, sifinyelela uhhafu wemitha ububanzi, futhi izinhlangothi zaso zingaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-25. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, udonga lwesidleke ludilike kancane lwanyathelwa phansi, ngoba isebenza njengendawo yokukhipha izinyoni. Lapho amaphuphu ekhula, isidleke kancane kancane siqala ukucwila emanzini, kodwa abazali abanakekelayo bakhela phezu kwaso.
Amaqanda awabekwa wonke ngasikhathi sinye, kepha kancane kancane, ngezikhathi zezinsuku ezimbalwa, ngakho-ke abantwana bazalwa ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene. Imvamisa ku-clutch ye-bittern, kuba namaqanda ayisithupha (mhlawumbe kusuka kuzicucu ezi-3 kuye kwezi-8), okumele insikazi ifukamele, futhi ubaba wesikhathi esizayo useduze, avikele futhi asize lowo amkhethile lapho edinga ukushintshwa. Igobolondo leqanda linombala ompunga ngobumba.
Isikhathi sokufukamela sithatha cishe amasonto amane. Njengoba sekushiwo, amaphuphu achanyuselwa kancane kancane, futhi ingane yokugcina eyazalwa, imvamisa, iyafa. Amawundlu ezinamaphiko ambozwe imvuthu eminyene ebomvu, futhi umbala obala ngokuluhlaza ubonakala ngokusobala emilenzeni, ekhanda nasemlonyeni. Kakade sebenamasonto amathathu, izingane zizama ukuphuma esidlekeni ukuze zihlole indawo ezungezile. Abazali abayeki ukondla izingane kuze kube inyanga nengxenye. Cishe ezinyangeni ezimbili, amaphuphu aqala ukwenza izindiza zawo zokuqala ezingaqinisekile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amantshontsho ababa cishe kusukela ezelwe aqala ukukhipha isibabazi esingajwayelekile nesingajwayelekile, esifana nokugigitheka kwamanzi.
Ngenkathi yehlobo, ama-bitters enza i-clutch eyodwa eyodwa, futhi lapho umbhangqwana oshadile ufeza ngokugcwele umsebenzi wawo wobuzali, futhi izingane ziya ebudaleni, inyunyana yezinyoni ezivuthiwe iyahlukana, ngoba ngonyaka olandelayo bafuna uthando olusha lwabo. Isikhathi sokuphila esikalwa umunyu side kakhulu, izinyoni ziyakwazi ukuphila iminyaka engaba yi-15, kulokhu zisizwa ngokuqapha kwazo nangethalente elingenakuqhathaniswa lokuzifihla.
Izitha zemvelo zeBittern
Isithombe: Phuza ebusika
IBittern ihlala ezindaweni okunzima kakhulu ukufinyelela kuzo, lapho kunzima khona ukuthi izidumbu zifinyelele khona. Kepha, nokho, unezitha, izinyoni ezidla ezinye ezifana nesikhova, isikhova ukhozi kanye ne-marsh harrier okungabalwa kuzo. Laba bantu abangafuni ukwenza okuhle, okokuqala nje, balwela ukuhlasela izilwane ezincane ezingenalwazi namachwane amancane. Umama omncane unesibindi, ngakho-ke, ngenxa yenzalo yakhe, ulungele noma yini, uyasivikela ngentshiseko isidleke sakhe, ngaphandle kokwesaba ngisho nabazingeli abakhulu nabanolaka.
Ungakubukeli phansi ukufihla okumunyu okusindise izimpilo eziningi ezinezimpaphe. Lapho inyoni izwa ingozi, yelula intamo yayo, iphakamise ikhanda layo phezulu, igqame nakakhulu futhi ifane nomhlanga. I-bittern ize ishintshele ekushayweni kwemigqa yemhlanga. Uma othile nokho ethola futhi ehlasela inyoni enezimpaphe, khona-ke inezindlela zayo zokuzivikela. I-bittern ibopha ngokucijile ukudla okudliwayo ibheke esitheni, bese inyuka ngokushesha nangokuma mpo.
Isitha sezinyoni esikhohlisayo nesingenakunqotshwa ngumuntu ohlasela izindawo zezinyoni, amunce amaxhaphozi, azithathele izidingo zakhe, ngoba inhlabathi lapho ivundile kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela isusa ukufutheka ezindaweni ezihlala abantu, okuthinta kabi abantu bayo abasebancane. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka elandelana, abantu beyizingela le nyoni ehamba, bedla inyama yayo, nakho okwaholela ekwehleni okunamandla kwenani lama-bitterns.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-bittern
Yize indawo yokuhlala ama-bitterns inkulu kakhulu, inani lale nyoni alinakubizwa ngokuthi liyiningi. Lapho i-bittern ivame ukuhlala khona, itholakala kuma-specimens angashadile noma ngambili, izinyoni azakheli amaqoqo amakhulu. Kunobufakazi bokuthi kunezinhlayiya eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi kuya kweziyishumi nambili zezinyoni ezihlala eYurophu, e-UK sekusele amabhangqa angama-20 kuphela. Ensimini yombuso wethu, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene yalezi zinyoni, kunezimbhangqwana ezisukela kwezingu-10 kuye kwezingu-30. E-Turkey, i-bittern ibhekwa njengeyivelakancane, kunezinhlayiya ezisuka ku-400 kuye ku-500 zalezi zinyoni ezisele.
Inani le-bitterns liyancipha cishe yonke indawo, kwezinye izindawo lezi zinyoni zihlala zincane kakhulu, ama-bitterns amakhulu nawo ayivelakancane emazweni ahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke angaphansi kokuvikelwa okukhethekile. Lokhu kungenxa yezenzo zomuntu ezingacatshangwa kahle, ezasusa isimo esinje maqondana nenani lezinyoni. Okokuqala, ukoma kwamaxhaphozi neminye imizimba yamanzi, ukungcoliswa kwawo kwaholela ekufeni kwenqwaba yezinyoni.
Izinyoni eziningi ezihlala endaweni yaseYurophu zafa ngezikhathi ezinzima zasebusika, lapho imizimba yamanzi iqandiswe ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, inani lomunyu lehle kakhulu futhi lokhu kwehla kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yilolu suku, le nyoni isengozini yokuqothulwa ngokujwayelekile, okungenakungazikhathazi izinhlangano zokongiwa kwemvelo.
Umunyu Omubi
Isithombe: Ibhuku elivela eRed Book
Kulokhu okungenhla, kuyacaca ukuthi i-bittern idinga izindlela ezikhethekile zokuzivikela, ngoba isibalo sayo kwezinye izifunda sincane kakhulu. E-UK, le nyoni ivikelwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40. Endaweni yaseBelarus, i-bittern ibhalwe ku-Red Book. Ngokuqondene nezwe lethu, le nyoni ibhalwe ohlwini eRed Book of Moscow kusukela ngonyaka ka-2001, kanti esifundeni saseMoscow ibivikelekile kusukela ngo-1978. I-bittern isezinhlwini ezibomvu zeKomi Republic, iBashkortostan, isifunda saseKirov.
Cishe yonke indawo, izici ezikhawulela eziyinhloko zifaka:
- ukuwohloka kwesimo semvelo semizimba yamanzi;
- ukuncipha kwenani lezinhlanzi;
- ukugeleza kwezindawo ezinamanzi nezinye izindawo zamanzi;
- ukuzingela izinyoni;
- ukusha kwentwasahlobo komhlanga owomile;
- ukubekwa kwezicupho zokubamba i-muskrat.
Zonke lezi zinto zinciphisa kakhulu usayizi wesibalo sabantu; ngakho-ke, kudingeka lezi zinyathelo zokuvikela ezilandelayo:
- ukufakwa kwezindawo zokwakhiwa kwezinyoni unomphela ohlwini lwezindawo ezivikelwe;
- ukuvinjelwa kokushisa izitshalo zasogwini nezasemanzini;
- ukwanda kwenhlawulo yemihlanga evuthayo;
- ukuvinjelwa kokuzingela;
- ukwamukelwa kwezinyathelo zokwazisa kanye nokuziphatha kwemfundo yezemvelo phakathi kwabantu;
- ukuqapha njalo izindawo zokwakha izidleke;
- ukuvinjelwa kokudoba ezindaweni lapho izidleke zama-bitterns zihlala khona.
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukungeza lokho okungenani kancane ngokubukeka nokungaqashiwe, ukumile kancane, ukungahlangani, uhlala njengendawo yokuhlala yedwa, kepha ungowokuqala kakhulu, othakazelisa kakhulu futhi ongavamile. Ukucabanga nge-bittern kuyinto etholakala kalula nenhlanhla enkulu, kepha ukuzwa ukukhala kwayo okungahambi kahle nokwesabekayo kungenzeka. Futhi noma ngabe kwakheka izinganekwane eziyimfihlakalo nezesabekayo ngazo, owesilisa akanandaba nakho, ufuna ukuthandeka nokuheha umlingani onezimpaphe.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/04/2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 07/05/2020 ngo-11: 10
