I-sandy boa - enye yezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu zomndeni wama-boa. Le nyoka kwesinye isikhathi igcinwa njengesilwane esifuywayo: kuyathakazelisa ukubuka ukunyakaza kwayo esihlabathini, ithobekile futhi, yize inolaka, ayinabungozi kubanikazi bayo. Endle, ama-boa constrictors ahlala ezingwadule zase-Asia.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Sandy boa
I-suborder yezilwane ezihuquzelayo yinyoka ephuma ezilwaneni. Leli qembu liyi-monophyletic, okungukuthi, zonke izinyoka zanamuhla zinokhokho oyedwa. Phakathi kwezibankwa, zisondelene kakhulu nezimo ezimise okwe-iguana futhi ezimise okwe-fusiform, futhi zifakwe kuzo zombili emgodini owodwa we-Toxicofera.
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ososayensi abangasekho, ababeyiqembu lodadewabo ezinyokeni, babengabomcebo ofanayo - okungukuthi, babenokhokho owayejwayelene nabo kuphela. Imivubukulo yenyoka endala isukela enkabeni yeJurassic, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-165-170 ubudala. Ekuqaleni, zazimbalwa izinhlobo zezinyoka kwiplanethi yethu, lokhu kufakazelwa ngukutholakala okukhulu kokutholwa kwazo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane zangaleso sikhathi. Ngokuphawulekayo ukuthi ezinye zazo zaba kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkathi elandelayo - iCretaceous.
Ividiyo: Sandy Boa
Isici esibalulekile ekuguqukeni kwezinyoka ukuthi, ngenxa yezinqubo ezithile, ufuzo olubhekele ukwakheka kwezitho ezinyokeni lwayeka ukusebenza njengoba bekulindelekile, ngenxa yalokho basala bengenazo izingalo nemilenze. Ukuziphendukela kwabo okuqhubekayo kuqhubeke ngokukhomba esikhundleni semisebenzi abavame ukuyenza nezinye izitho zomzimba.
Izinhlobo zesimanje zezinyoka zavela ngemuva kokuqothulwa kweCretaceous-Paleogene. Ngemuva kwalokho azange ziphele, futhi nenani lohlobo lwazo lwabuyiselwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma lwaze lwedlula izinhlobonhlobo zezinyoka ezaziphila eMhlabeni esikhathini seCretaceous. P. Pallas wenza incazelo yesayensi ye-sand boa kusukela ngo-1773. Umhlobo lo wabizwa nge-Eryx miliaris.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-boa enesihlabathi
Abesilisa bakhula baze bafike kuma-60 cm, kuthi abesifazane babe bade - bafike ku-80 cm.Inyoka inekhanda eliyisicaba kancane kanti nomzimba wayo uyisicaba kancane, futhi umsila mfushane, unomphetho obuthuntu. I-boa ibukeka sengathi "yondleke kahle" ngenxa yokuthi, uma iqhathaniswa nezinyoka eziningi, isilinganiso sobubanzi bomzimba nobude sithutheleka kakhulu ebubanzini.
Ngasikhathi sinye, unobungcweti futhi uyashesha, ikakhulukazi ubukhulu besihlabathi, lapho ehamba njengenhlanzi emanzini, futhi ngomqondo ongokoqobo - izakhiwo zesihlabathi zifana namanzi ngokuqinile. Kunzima kakhulu ukubamba i-boa ebanjwe entweni yayo yomdabu, futhi nasemhlabeni ojwayelekile ihamba ngokuzethemba okukhulu futhi ngokushesha okukhulu.
Umbala ufiphele, kusuka kokukhanyayo kuya kokumnyama onsundu nge-tinge ephuzi, kunemigqa ensundu namachashazi, kanye nezinkomba. Ama-melanists ayingxenye anezindawo ezikhanyayo emzimbeni, ama-melanists agcwele anombala onsomi omnyama, kuze kube mnyama, ithoni yesikhumba. Amehlo agqama masinyane: aphezulu ekhanda futhi ahlala abheke phezulu. Ukubekwa okunjalo kusiza i-boa ukuba ibone ukuhlaselwa kwezinyoni ngesikhathi, futhi lezi yizitha zayo ezinkulu. Umfundi wenyoka umnyama, iris inhlaka.
Umlomo utholakala ngezansi futhi ugcwele amazinyo amancane - ukulunywa kwe-boa constrictor kuyazwela impela, kepha akuyona ingozi kubantu, ngoba ayikwazi ukuluma ngokujulile ezicubu, futhi abukho ubuthi emazinyweni. Ungaqhathanisa ukulunywa ngenaliti.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane, i-boa enesihlabathi, lapho izama ukuyiphatha ngesandla, ikhombisa ubudlova: izama ukuluma, futhi ekuqaleni kunzima ukukugwema ukuluma kwayo, ingaphotha isandla esandleni sayo. Kutholakale ezilwaneni zasendle, angaphinde agijimele ekuhlaseleni futhi azame ukuluma umuntu ngomlenze - udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi akayena ubuthi futhi akayona ingozi.
Ihlala kuphi i-sandy boa
Isithombe: I-Arabia Sand Boa
Inyoka ihlala ezindaweni ezinkulu e-Eurasia.
Ububanzi bayo buhlanganisa:
- I-Asia Ephakathi;
- Kazakhstan;
- IMongolia;
- Isifunda se-Lower Volga;
- ENyakatho Caucasus.
ERussia, ingatholakala ikakhulukazi endaweni yezifunda eziningana - iDagestan, iKalmykia, nesifunda sase-Astrakhan. Akuvamile ukutholakala ezindaweni eziseduze kwabo. Ngobuningi obukhulu kakhulu, itholakala empumalanga, kumaRiphabhuliki aseCentral Asia.
Isimo sezulu esomile sezwekazi lase-Asia Ephakathi yisona esifanele kangcono i-boa, ngoba yabizwa ngesihlabathi ngesizathu, kepha ngenxa yothando lwesihlabathi. Izindawo ezihlala kuzo ngokuyinhloko izihlabathi ezihambahambayo nezingenakulinganiswa; ithanda inhlabathi evulekile, ekhululekile. Ngakho-ke, akuvamile ukutholakala ezweni elijwayelekile, futhi kuphela eduze kwesihlabathi.
Yize kunjalo, kwesinye isikhathi ama-sandy boa constrictors angathwalwa kude nasekhaya, futhi agcina esezivandeni noma ezivinini eyofuna ukudla. Zithanda indawo eyisicaba, azivamile ukutholakala ezintabeni, aziphakeme nakancane kunamamitha ayi-1200. Ezingwadule ezisebangeni lazo, i-boa constrictor ivame kakhulu, ngehora ungahlangana nabantu abayishumi nambili, hhayi eqenjini, kepha ngokwehlukana. Uhlala kahle kakhulu esihlabathini, ukhasa esihlabathini esihambayo futhi ubonakale entanta kuso. Ngasikhathi sinye, umzimba wakhe wonke ungcwatshwe futhi yinhloko kuphela yekhanda ngamehlo ahlala ngaphandle, ngakho-ke kunzima kubadli bezilwane ukuthi bambone.
Lapho egcinwe ekuthunjweni, udinga i-terrarium enezingqimba enesihlabathi esingama-20-30 cm. Uthanda ukushisa, ngakho-ke udinga ukushisa kwasemini okungaba ngu-30 ° C nobusuku bokushisa obungu-20 ° C, izinga lomswakama liphansi, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, umuntu ophuzayo uyadingeka ku-terrarium. ikamelo lomswakama.
Manje uyazi lapho isihlabathi se-boa sihlala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Okudliwa yisanda boa
Isithombe: Sandy boa ehlane
Yize le nyoka incane, kepha iyisidlakela, iyakwazi ukuzingela:
- amagundane;
- izibankwa;
- izinyoni;
- izimfudu;
- ezinye izinyoka ezincane.
Uncamela ukuhlasela kungalindelekile, esebenzisa iqiniso lokuthi kunzima kakhulu ukumbona lapho esecwengeke ngokuphelele esihlabathini. Uma igxuma inyamazane, iyibamba ngemihlathi yayo ukuze ingabaleki, isonge izindandatho eziningana bese iyiklinya, bese iyigwinya ngokuphelele - kulokhu, i-sandy boa constrictor isebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-boa constrictor ejwayelekile. Izinyoka ezindala kuphela ezingabamba inyamazane enkulu, ezisencane nezisakhulayo zondla kakhulu izinambuzane, kanye nezinye izingane - izinyosi ezingaphansi kweminyaka yezinambuzane, izimfudu ezincane, amaphuphu. Amaqhuqhuva e-Boa ajwayele ukonakalisa izidleke zezinyoni, kepha uma abazali bawo bewabamba enza lokhu, angahle angabi yikho okuhle kuwo.
Yize ama-boa constrictors ngokwawo akwazi ukubamba izinyoni ezinesilinganiso esimaphakathi, ngokwesibonelo, ama-wagtails. Kwesinye isikhathi babheka izinyoni ezisencane, ezivele zikwazi ukundiza, futhi, besebenzisa ukungakhululeki kwazo, bazibambe bazidonse zihambe. Lapho zigcinwa ekuthunjweni, ama-boa constrictor amancane anikezwa izinkukhu eziphilayo noma amagundane okugijima, futhi abantu abadala bangaphakelwa ngezinkulu. Amagundane afile adinga ukufudunyezwa, futhi noma kunjalo akuzona zonke izinyoka ezizowadla - kukhona nezinye ezikhethiwe. Yize abanye bengaze badle nesoseji, kungcono ukungazami lokhu - kungenza i-boa igule.
Igundane elilodwa lanele inyoka yabantu abadala amasonto amabili, futhi uma kunesidingo, ingabulawa indlala inyanga eyodwa nohhafu - ngemuva kwalokho, udinga nje ukuyondla kakhulu, lokhu ngeke kuthinte impilo yesilwane nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Uma uvame ukuphatha inyoka ezandleni zakho, izokujwayela iphunga futhi izokwehlisa umoya ngomnikazi, mhlawumbe noma ingalumi. Kepha akufanele umondle ezandleni zakho - lokhu ngeke kukhulise uthando lwakhe, esikhundleni salokho, iphunga lomnikazi lizoqala ukuhambisana nokudla, ngakho-ke ingozi yokulunywa izokhula kuphela.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Arabia Sand Boa
Bahlala bodwa. Phakathi nezinsuku, zilala phansi ekhoselweni elinomthunzi, noma zingaphansi kongqimba lwesihlabathi ukuze zizivikele elangeni elishisayo. Lapho kungashisi kangako, bayakwazi ukuzingela, ehlobo bakwenza kusihlwa noma ebusuku. Bachitha isikhathi esiningi kulo msebenzi, ngoba futhi balala ngaphansi kwesihlabathi ikakhulukazi abazingelayo.
Ngaphandle, kusele ingxenye encane yekhanda ngamehlo, ukuze bakwazi ukuqapha indawo. Njengoba ikhanda labo lakha i-tubercle, kungekudala noma kamuva liheha ukunaka kothile futhi, uma liyimpango, i-boa ilinda ngesineke ukuze isondele ngqo ukuyiphonsa, kodwa inganele ukuyihlola, bese ihlasela.
Ugijimela phambili ngokushesha okukhulu nangobuhlakani, yize esikhashaneni esedlule ubengabonakala ezolile futhi engakwazi ukunyakaza okungazelelwe okunjalo. Uma isilwane esikhulu sinentshisekelo nge-boa, sifihla ngokushesha ngaphansi kwesihlabathi bese sibaleka. Ngaphezu kokuqamekela, i-boa ingahlola indawo yayo ifuna imingcele yezilwane ezihlala kuyo. Uma ibathola, khona-ke ayimi emcimbini nabakhileyo noma inzalo yabo, futhi ifaka inhlekelele - ngemuva kokuhlasela okukodwa, inyoka ingondliwa inyanga nenyanga kusengaphambili.
Ijwayele ukuhamba ngqo ngaphansi kongqimba lwesihlabathi, ukuze inyoka uqobo lwayo ingabonakali, esikhundleni salokho kubukeka sengathi isihlabathi sikhuphuka kancane ngokungathi sisodwa - lokhu kusho ukuthi i-boa ikhasa phansi ekujuleni. Kusele umkhondo ngemuva kwayo: imivimbo emibili, efana nezindunduma ezincane, kanye nokudangala phakathi kwabo. Ekwindla, lapho kuba kubanda, uthola indawo yokuhlala nezindawo zokulala. Ingahlala izinyanga ezingama-4-6 bese evuka ngemuva kokuthola ukufudumala ngokwanele. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ekuqaleni noma phakathi kwentwasahlobo. Azakhi izindlu zokulala noma ukuphumula emini, zingasebenzisa izikhala ezingenalutho eduze kwezimpande noma izimbobo zabanye abantu.
Lapho ugcina i-terrarium, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ama-sand boa constrictors anesizungu, futhi ungawahlisi kubantu abaningana, noma ngabe bangabobulili obuhlukile. Kungenzeka kuphela ukuxazulula izinyoka ezimbili ndawonye ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, isikhathi esisele ngeke bazwane.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Inyoka enesihlabathi senyoka
Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ngemuva kokuthi i-boa iphume ebusika futhi ihlala izinyanga ezintathu. NgoJulayi noma ngo-Agasti, kuzalwa inzalo, futhi lezi zinyoka zikhona ngokungafani, ngakho-ke lezi zinyoka ngasikhathi sinye, imvamisa kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-12, futhi ngayinye isivele izalwe inkulu kakhulu - 10-14 cm. Baphuma ngokushesha egobolondweni leqanda, badle isikhuphasha. Ngonyaka zikhula zifike ku-30 cm, ngemuva kwalokho ukukhula kuyehla, futhi zikhula ziye ngosayizi wabantu abadala kuphela ngeminyaka eyi-3.5-4, ngasikhathi sinye zifinyelela ekuvuthweni kwezocansi.
Lapho zigcinwa ekuthunjweni, nazo zingakhuliswa, kepha kulokhu, izimo kufanele zenziwe. Okokuqala, bobabili abazali abazobe bekhona, abagcinwa behlukile komunye nomunye, basebusika - banciphisa izinga lokushisa ku-terrarium liye ku-10 ° C futhi bayeke ukunikeza ukudla. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ubusika, kufanele bondliwe kabili ngokuqina njengokujwayelekile inyanga.
Ithempelesha yehliswa kancane kancane, kungakapheli isonto, ukondla kumiswa amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuqala kokwehla. Ngenxa yalokho, izinyoka ziyalala, futhi zidinga ukushiywa izinyanga eziyi-2,5-3. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinga lokushisa, futhi ngokushelela, kufanele libuyiselwe kokujwayelekile. Ngemuva kokuvuka, izinyoka futhi zidinga ukondliwa okunamandla, lapho-ke zidinga ukufakwa ndawonye ukuze zikhwelwe. Awudingi ukuhamba isikhathi eside, ngemuva kwesonto bangaphinde bahlaliswe kabusha. Lapho izinyoka ezincane ziqala ukukhasa, kuzodingeka ukuthi zihlaliswe kwenye i-terrarium.
Izitha zemvelo zesanti boa constrictors
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-boa enesihlabathi
Kukho konke ukusitheka kwabo nobuqili babo, ama-boa constrictors anezitha eziningi: mancane kakhulu ukuthi angazivikela ezilwaneni ezinkulu, kuyilapho inyama yawo inomsoco, ngakho-ke iyisisulu esifiselekayo kulabo. Phakathi kwalabo abazizingela kakhulu kunezinyoni ezahlukahlukene ezidla inyama, ikakhulukazi ama-kites namagwababa, ukuqapha izibankwa, ama-hedgehogs asogwadule, izinyoka ezinkulu.
Ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke ebasongela esibhakabhakeni: izinyoni eziqaphile zingabuka phezulu noma zigqitshwe ngokuphelele esihlabathini se-boa constrictor, ngaphezu kwalokho, zingabona ngokucacile imikhondo yokuhamba kwayo - zingamane zindiza, zigxile kulo mzila. Imvamisa, i-boa constrictor isindiswa ukwakheka kwamehlo, okuqala kokugcina ukubuka isibhakabhaka futhi, ngokulambisa ukubona inyoni, inyoka ifuna ukucasha ngaphansi kwesihlabathi. Kodwa izilwane ezidla ezinye, zazi ukuthi isisulu sazo singahamba nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, zama ukusondela kuso nge-engela elingabonwa ngomzuzu wokugcina.
I-boa constrictor nayo kufanele iqaphe umhlaba, futhi iyingozi kakhulu okwamanje lapho bona uqobo bagxilisa konke ukunaka kwabo ngasikhathi sinye: ngasikhathi sinye, isibankwa esikhulu noma i-hedgehog yasogwadule isivele ingazibona ngokwazo. Ama-boa constrictor ashesha ukusinda abaleke bese acasha ngaphansi kwesihlabathi, ngakho-ke lezi zilwane ezizingelayo zizama ukuzibamba ngokushesha.
AbakwaBoa constrictors abazithola besendaweni ehlala abantu bayingozi ezinjeni - bavame ukukhombisa ubudlwangudlwangu kulezi zinyoka bese bezibulala. Iningi lama-boa constrictors lifa ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto, lizama ukukhasa emgwaqeni ongahlali muntu. Ekugcineni, abanye abantu bacekelwa phansi ukudoba ngokweqile ukuze baboshwe.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Sandy boa
Ngaphandle kwenani elikhulu lezinsongo, inani eliphelele le-sand boa constrictors ezilwaneni zasendle lihlala liphezulu. Ezingwadule zase-Asia Ephakathi, lezi zinyoka ziphakathi kwezinto ezivame kakhulu, ubukhulu bazo obungu-1 umuntu ngamunye ehektheleni. Njengoba kunikezwe indawo, izinga eliphakeme alinakufinyelelwa.
Ngakho-ke, sekukonke, njengezilwane, abakabi nalo usongo lokuqothulwa. Zonke izingozi ezichayeka kuzo zilinganiswa ngokuzala okusebenzayo. Kodwa-ke, ukwesaba kubangelwa ububanzi babo kanye nezinhlobo ezithile, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlala eduze nendawo enabantu. Ngakho-ke, ama-subspecies aseNogai ahlala emaqeleni aseKalmykia, kanye naseCiscaucasia, yize engafakwanga kwiRed Book uqobo, afakwa kwisithasiselo kuwo - uhlu olukhethekile lwetaxa nabantu, isimo semvelo semvelo esidinga ukunakwa okuningi.
Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokwehla kwesibalo sabo - manje abanandawo efanayo, ihlakazekile yaba izizinda ezihlukene, ngakunye lapho inani labantu lincipha kancane kancane ngenxa yokuthi leyo ndawo yezingwadule ezinesihlabathi kulezi zindawo iyancipha. Izinkinga zemvelo ehlukile kubantu abahlala eNyakatho neChina - uma omakhelwane babo baseMongolia behlala ngokukhululeka, khona-ke ama-boa constrictors amaShayina azizwa ebi kakhulu futhi ebheda ngenxa yabantu abasebenza ezindaweni zabantu nemisebenzi yabo yezimboni. Amacala okufaka ushevu ngokungcola kwemboni yamakhemikhali avamile, inani labantu liyancipha.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amazinyo ale nyoka ayadingeka ukubamba isisulu ngokuqinile, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi ayikwazi ukuzibamba ngemuva kokulunywa, noma ngabe izama kanjani ukukwenza. Lapho-ke i-boa kufanele ingadonswa ngokucophelela, iyibambe ngekhanda.
Makube njalo isihlabathi boa nenyoka encane, futhi ngisho naphakathi kwezikebhe, incane kunazo zonke, kodwa ishesha futhi ingabonakali: kunzima kakhulu ukumbamba esihlabathini sayo, yena uqobo uhlasela ngejubane lombani njengokungathi kusuka ndawo, ukuze izilwane ezincane zimsabe kakhulu. Njengesilwane sasekhaya, futhi kungathakazelisa, kepha kuphela kulabo abakulungele ukuluma - yize bengeyona ingozi, basengabajabulisi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/03/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 28.09.2019 ngo-11: 48
