Trepang Ingabe kuyisibiliboco sasemanzini esingajwayelekile esidume kakhulu ezindaweni zokupheka zasempumalanga futhi siyinto exaka okwangempela kwabaseYurophu. Izici ezihlukile zokwelapha zenyama, ukunambitheka kwayo kuvumela la ma-nondescript angenamgogodla ukuthi athathe indawo yawo efanele ekuphekeni, kepha ngenxa yenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokucubungula, indawo yokuhlala elinganiselwe, ama-trepangs awandile. ERussia, baqala ukukhipha isakhamuzi sasolwandle esingajwayelekile kuphela ngekhulu le-19.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Trepang
Ama-Trepangs uhlobo lwekhukhamba yasolwandle noma ikhukhamba lasolwandle - ama-echinoderms angenamqolo. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane ezahlukahlukene zalezi zilwane zasolwandle, ezahlukile komunye nomunye ezintendeni nobukhona bezitho ezingeziwe, kepha zidla kuphela ama-trepangs. AmaHolothurians yizihlobo eziseduze zezinkanyezi zasolwandle ezivamile kanye nama-urchins.
Ividiyo: Trepang
Izinsalela ezindala kakhulu zalezi zidalwa zisukela esikhathini sesithathu se-Paleozoic, futhi lokhu kungaphezu kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingamakhulu amane edlule - zindala kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-dinosaurs. Ama-Trepang anamanye amagama amaningana: ikhukhamba lasolwandle, ama-capsules amaqanda, i-sea ginseng.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-trepangs namanye ama-echinoderms:
- banesimo esifana ne-worm, ukuma oku-oblong kancane, ukuhleleka komzimba kwezitho;
- zibonakaliswa ngokuncishiswa kwamathambo esikhumba abe ngamathambo e-calcareous;
- awekho ameva aphumile ebusweni bomzimba wabo;
- umzimba wekhukhamba wasolwandle ulinganisiwe hhayi ezinhlangothini ezimbili, kodwa ezinhlanu;
- Ama-Trepangs alala phansi "eceleni", kanti uhlangothi olunemigqa emithathu yemilenze ye-ambulensi yisisu, futhi ngemigqa emibili yemilenze - emuva.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngemuva kokukhipha i-trepang emanzini, kufanele ufafaze ngokushesha umzimba wayo ngosawoti ukuze ube nzima. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isidalwa sasolwandle sizothamba siphendukele ku-jelly lapho sihlangana nomoya.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ngabe i-trepang ibukeka kanjani
Ekuthinteni, umzimba we-trepangs unesikhumba futhi unolaka, uvame ukushwabana. Izindonga zomzimba uqobo zinwebeka ngemisipha ethuthuke kahle. Kunomlomo ngakolunye uhlangothi lwawo, nokuvulwa kwendunu ngakolunye uhlangothi. Izinsimbi eziningana ezizungeze umlomo ngendlela ye-corolla zisebenza ukubamba ukudla. Ukuvulwa komlomo kuyaqhubeka ngamathumbu enxeba lokuvunguza. Zonke izitho zangaphakathi zitholakala ngaphakathi kwesikhwama esikhumba. Lesi ukuphela kwesidalwa esiphila emhlabeni, esinamaseli omzimba oyinyumba, awanawo ngokuphelele amagciwane noma amagciwane.
Iningi le-trepangs linombala onsundu, omnyama noma oluhlaza okotshani, kepha kukhona nezinhlobo ezibomvu, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umbala wesikhumba walezi zidalwa uncike endaweni yokuhlala - uhlangana nombala wezwe elingaphansi kwamanzi. Osayizi bamakhukhamba asolwandle bangaba kusuka ku-0.5 cm kuye kumamitha ayi-5. Azinazo izitho zomqondo ezikhethekile, futhi imilenze nezinsimbi kusebenza njengezitho zokuthinta.
Zonke izinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba asolwandle zihlukaniswe ngemibandela ngamaqembu ayisithupha, ngalinye linezici zalo:
- engenamlenze - awunayo imilenze ye-ambulensi, ubekezelela ukumuncwa kwamanzi kahle futhi uvame ukutholakala emaxhaphozini omhlume;
- imilenze eseceleni - zibonakala ngokuba khona kwemilenze ezinhlangothini zomzimba, zikhetha ukujula okukhulu;
- okwenziwe ngomgqomo - unomzimba omile okokuphotha, uguqulwe ngokuphelele empilweni emhlabeni;
- ama-trepangi trepangs yiqembu elivame kakhulu;
- i-thyroid-tentacles - inezintambo ezimfushane, isilwane esingazifihli ngaphakathi komzimba;
- Ama-dactylochirotids angama-trepangs anezintambo ezi-8 kuya kwezingu-30 ezithuthukisiwe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukhukhamba waselwandle uphefumula ngendunu. Ngawo, badonsela amanzi emzimbeni wabo, lapho-ke bamunca khona umoya-mpilo.
Uhlala kuphi u-trepang?
Isithombe: Sea Trepang
AmaTrepang ahlala emanzini asogwini ekujuleni kwamamitha ama-2 kuye kwangama-50. Ezinye izinhlobo zamakhukhamba asolwandle azikaze zicwile phansi, zichitha impilo yazo yonke kukholamu lamanzi. Ukwahlukahlukana okukhulu kakhulu kwezinhlobo, inani lalezi zilwane lifinyelela endaweni esogwini yezifunda ezifudumele zolwandle, lapho kungakhiwa khona ukuqoqana okukhulu nge-biomass kuze kufike ku-2-4 kilograms ngemitha eyisikwele.
Ama-Trepangs awathandi ukuhamba komhlaba, akhetha amatheku avikelekile ezivunguvungwini ezinamahlumela anesihlabathi esinesihlabathi, izingqimba zamatshe, angatholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala izimbaza, phakathi kwezihlahlana zezimila zasolwandle. Indawo: AmaJapane, amaShayina, amaLwandle Aphuzi, ugu lwaseJapan eduze nogu oluseningizimu yeKunashir neSakhalin.
Ama-trepangs amaningi azwela ngokukhethekile ekunciphiseni usawoti wamanzi, kepha ayakwazi ukumelana nokushintshashintsha kokushisa okubukhali okuvela ezinkomba ezingezinhle kuye kuma-degree angama-28 ngokuhlanganisa. Uma ufriza umuntu omdala, bese uyincibilikisa kancane kancane, khona-ke kuzophila. Iningi lalezi zidalwa limelana nokushoda komoya-mpilo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Uma i-trepang ibekwe emanzini amasha, bese iphonsa ingaphakathi layo bese iyafa. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-trepang zisebenza ngendlela efanayo uma kuba nengozi, futhi uketshezi abalahla ngalo izitho zabo zangaphakathi lunobuthi ezimpilweni eziningi zasolwandle.
Manje uyazi lapho ikhukhamba lasolwandle litholakala khona nokuthi yini ewusizo. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Kudlani i-trepang?
Isithombe: Ikhukhamba lasolwandle i-trepang
I-Trepangi iyindlela yokuhleleka kwangempela kwezilwandle nezilwandle. Ziphila ngokudla izinsalela zempilo yasolwandle efile, ulwelwe nezilwane ezincane. Zimunca izinto eziwusizo ezisuka enhlabathini, ezizongena emzimbeni wazo kuqala. Yonke imfucuza bese iphonswa emuva. Uma isilwane siphelelwa amathumbu nganoma yisiphi isizathu, isitho esisha sikhula ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ishubhu lokugaya le-trepang libukeka njengokuvunguza, kepha uma likhishwa, lizolula ngaphezu kwemitha.
Ukuphela komzimba ovuleke umlomo kuphakanyiswa njalo ngokubamba ukudla. Zonke izintambo, futhi zingafinyelela kwezingama-30 zazo kuye ngohlobo lwesilwane, zihlala zinyakaza futhi zihlala zifuna ukudla. AmaTrepang akhotha ngamunye wabo ngokulandelana. Ngonyaka wokuphila kwabo, ukhukhamba wasolwandle osayizi abaphakathi bayakwazi ukuhlunga amathani omhlabathi nesihlabathi angaphezu kwamathani ayi-150 emzimbeni wabo. Ngakho-ke, lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo zicubungula kufinyelela kuma-90% azo zonke izilwane nezinsalela zezitshalo ezihlala phansi olwandle lomhlaba, ezinomphumela omuhle kakhulu emvelweni womhlaba.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu yaphonswa emanzini, ikhukhamba lasolwandle ligcwalisa ngokushesha izingxenye ezingekho zomzimba walo - ucezu ngalunye luphenduka lube luphelele. Ngendlela efanayo, ama-trepangs akwazi ukukhula ngokushesha izitho zangaphakathi ezilahlekile.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ikhukhamba yasolwandle lwaseMpumalanga Ekude
I-Trepang yisilwane esihambayo esihlala phansi, ikakhulukazi esikhetha ukuhlala olwandle phakathi kwe-algae noma i-placer yamatshe. Ihlala emihlambini emikhulu, kepha ikhasa phansi yodwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-trepang ihamba njengesibungu - idonsa imilenze yangemuva bese iyinamathisela ngokuqinile emhlabathini, bese, iklebhula imilenze yezingxenye eziphakathi nezingaphambili zomzimba ngokunye, iyiphonsa phambili. I-Sea ginseng ihamba kancane - ngesinyathelo esisodwa ihlanganisa ibanga elingeqi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ama-5.
Ukondla amaseli e-plankton, izingcezu zobulembu obufile kanye nezilwanyana ezincane kuzo, ikhukhamba lasolwandle lisebenza kakhulu ebusuku, emini. Ngokushintsha kwesizini, umsebenzi wayo wokudla nawo uyashintsha. Ehlobo, ekuqaleni kwekwindla, lezi zilwane zizizwa zingenaso isidingo sokudla, futhi entwasahlobo zinesifiso esikhulu sokudla. Ngesikhathi sasebusika ngasogwini lwaseJapan, ezinye izinhlobo zamakhukhamba asolwandle ziyalala. Lezi zidalwa zasolwandle ziyakwazi ukwenza imizimba yazo ibe lukhuni kakhulu futhi ifane ne-jelly, icishe ibe uketshezi. Ngenxa yalesi sici, ukhukhamba wasolwandle ungakhuphuka kalula ngisho nasemifantwini emincane ematsheni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Inhlanzi encane ebizwa ngokuthi i-carapus ingacasha ngaphakathi kwe-trepangs lapho ingafuni ukudla, kepha ingena ngaphakathi ngembobo ephefumula, okungukuthi, nge-cloaca noma nge-anus.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Primorsky Trepang
Ama-Trepangs angaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10, futhi ukuthomba kwawo kuphela cishe eminyakeni eyi-4-5.
Bayakwazi ukuzala ngezindlela ezimbili:
- isitho sangasese sokukhulelwa ngamaqanda;
- asexual, lapho ikhukhamba lolwandle, njengesitshalo, lihlukaniswe laba izingxenye, lapho abantu ngabanye bakhula khona kamuva.
Ngokwemvelo, indlela yokuqala itholakala ikakhulu. I-Trepangs izala emazingeni okushisa amanzi angama-21-23 degrees, imvamisa kusuka maphakathi noJulayi kuya ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Agasti. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, inqubo yokufaka umquba iyenzeka - insikazi neyeduna zimi zibhekane zibheke phezulu, zizinamathisela ngesiphetho sangemuva sethole endaweni engezansi noma ematsheni, bese zidedela ngokuvumelanayo amaqanda noketshezi lwesidoda ngokuvuleka kwezitho zobulili okuseduze nomlomo. Owesifazane oyedwa uzala amaqanda angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-70 ngasikhathi sinye. Ngemuva kokuzala, abantu abakhuluphele bagibela ezindlini zokukhosela, lapho balala khona futhi bathole amandla kuze kube ngu-Okthoba.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, izibungu zivela emaqandeni avundisiwe, okuthi ekukhuleni kwawo kudlule ezigabeni ezintathu: idipleurula, auricularia nedololaria. Ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila kwabo, izibungu zihlala ziguquka, zondla ulwelwe lwama-unicellular. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufa inani elikhulu labo. Ukuze ube gazinga, isibungu ngasinye sekhukhamba lasolwandle kufanele sinamathisele olwandle lwasolwandle i-anfeltia, lapho gazinga lizohlala khona luze lukhule.
Izitha zemvelo ze-trepangs
Isithombe: Sea Trepang
Ama-Trepangs empeleni awanazo izitha zemvelo, ngenxa yokuthi izicubu zomzimba wawo zigcwele inani elikhulu lezinto ezincane, ezibaluleke kakhulu kubantu, ezinobuthi kakhulu ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye zasolwandle. I-starfish ukuphela kwesidalwa esikwaziyo ukuzitika nge-trepang ngaphandle kokulimaza umzimba waso. Kwesinye isikhathi ikhukhamba lasolwandle liba yisisulu sama-crustaceans nezinye izinhlobo zamagastropods, kepha lokhu kwenzeka ngokungavamile, njengoba abaningi bezama ukukudlula.
I-trepang ethukile iqoqana ngokushesha ibe yibhola, futhi, ngokuzivikela ngama-spicule, iba njenge-hedgehog ejwayelekile. Engozini enkulu, isilwane siphonswa ngaphandle ngemuva kwamathumbu namaphaphu amanzi nge-anus ukuphazamisa nokwethusa abahlaseli. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esifushane, izitho zibuyiselwa ngokuphelele. Isitha esibaluleke kunazo zonke se-trepangs singabizwa ngokuphepha njengomuntu.
Ngenxa yokuthi inyama ye-trepang inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, icebile ngamaphrotheni abalulekile, iyinqolobane yangempela yezinto eziwusizo emzimbeni womuntu, yambiwa kusukela olwandle ngobuningi obukhulu. Kuyaziswa ikakhulukazi eChina, lapho kwenziwa khona imithi eminingi yezifo ezahlukahlukene, esetshenziselwa i-cosmetology, njenge-aphrodisiac. Isetshenziswa yomisiwe, ibilisiwe, ikheniwe.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ngabe i-trepang ibukeka kanjani
Emashumini eminyaka adlule, inani labantu bezinhlobo ezithile zikhukhamba zasolwandle liye lahlupheka kakhulu futhi selivele selizophela, phakathi kwabo ikhukhamba lolwandle lwaseMpumalanga Ekude. Isimo sezinye izinhlobo sizinzile ngokwengeziwe. Ukubamba ukhukhamba wasolwandle eMpumalanga Ekude akuvunyelwe, kepha lokhu akubanqandi abazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho baseChina, abathi, bephula imingcele, bangene emanzini aseRussia ngokukhethekile ngalesi silwane esibalulekile. Ukubanjwa ngokungekho emthethweni kwe-trepangs yaseMpumalanga Ekude kukhulu kakhulu. Emanzini amaShayina, inani labantu licishe labhujiswa.
AmaShayina afunde ukutshala ukhukhamba wasolwandle ezimweni zokufakelwa, akha amapulazi wonke we-trepangs, kepha ngokwezici zawo, inyama yawo incane kakhulu kunaleyo eyabanjwa endaweni yawo yemvelo. Ngaphandle kwesibalo esincane sezitha zemvelo, ukuzala nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwalezi zilwane, zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngenxa yesifiso esingalawuleki sabantu.
Ekhaya, imizamo yokuzalela ukhukhamba wasolwandle ivame ukuphela ngokungaphumeleli. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lezi zidalwa zibe nendawo eyanele. Njengoba kusengozini encane bayazivikela ngokujikijela uketshezi oluthile olunobuthi emanzini, e-aquarium encane ngaphandle kokuhlunga okwanele kwamanzi bazozifaka ubuthi kancane kancane.
UTrepang unogada
Isithombe: Trepang ovela eRed Book
AmaTrepangs abesencwadini Ebomvu YaseRussia amashumishumi eminyaka. Ukubanjwa kwekhukhamba lolwandle lwaseMpumalanga Ekude akuvunyelwe kusuka ngoMeyi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Kunempi ebucayi eyenziwayo yokulwa nokuzingela ngokungemthetho namabhizinisi anezithunzi ahlobene nokuthengiswa kwamakhukhamba asolwandle atholakale ngokungemthetho. Namuhla ikhukhamba yasolwandle yinto ekhethwe yi-genomic. Futhi, kudalwa izimo ezikahle zokukhiqiza lezi zilwane ezihlukile endaweni yazo yemvelo, izinhlelo zenzelwe ukubuyisa inani lazo eFar Eastern Reserve, futhi kancane kancane zinikeza imiphumela, ngokwesibonelo, ePeter the Great Bay, i-trepang iphinde yaba uhlobo oluvamile oluhlala kulawo manzi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoNgokusungulwa kwamandla eSoviet kusukela ngeminyaka yama-20s yekhulu elidlule, ukudotshwa kwetrepang kwenziwa izinhlangano zombuso kuphela. Ithunyelwe emazweni omisiwe ngobuningi. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka, inani lamakhukhamba asolwandle lathola umonakalo omkhulu kwathi ngo-1978 kwavinjelwa ngokuphelele ukubanjwa kwawo.
Ukuheha umphakathi enkingeni yokunyamalala kwe-trepangs eyingqayizivele ngenxa yokudoba ngokungemthetho, kwashicilelwa incwadi iTrepang - the Treasure of the Far East, eyadalwa yimizamo yeFar Eastern Research Center.
Trepang, okuyinto ngaphandle akuyona isidalwa sasolwandle esihle kakhulu, ingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi isidalwa esincane esibaluleke kakhulu. Lesi silwane esiyingqayizivele sinenzuzo enkulu kubantu, olwandle lomhlaba, ngakho-ke kufanele kwenziwe konke okusemandleni ukusilondoloza njengenhlobo yezizukulwane ezizayo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/01/2019
Usuku olubuyekeziwe: 08/01/2019 ngo-20: 32
