Kakomyzli - isilwane esincane esifana nesiphambano phakathi kwe-marten nekati. Inamakhono amahle kakhulu okuqwala futhi iqothula amagundane amaningi - ngakho-ke yayivame ukuthanjiswa ngaphambili. Manje, njengezilwane ezifuywayo, azivamile kangako, kepha eNyakatho Melika kwesinye isikhathi ziyagcinwa - ziyizilwane ezifuywayo ezinomusa nezithandekayo, ngaphandle kwalapho kungewona wonke umuntu angajwayela izwi lakhe.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Kakomytsli
Ekuqaleni kweCretaceous, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-140 edlule, kwavela izilwane ezincelisayo zokuqala ezivalekile. Bebehlala kule niche manje eye-hedgehogs, shrews nokunye okunjalo, futhi badla kakhulu izinambuzane.
Kwaphela isikhathi eside kunzima kubo ukudlula le niche, futhi kuphela emva kokuqothulwa kwezilwane eziningi ekupheleni kwesikhathi seCretaceous lapho izilwane ezincelisayo zaqala ukukhula. Bahlushwa yilokhu kucinywa kuncane kakhulu kwezinto ezihuquzelayo nezinye izilwane ezazichuma phambilini, futhi bakwazi ukuhlala kulezo zinhlanya zemvelo ezazisele zingasekho. Izinhlobo eziningi ezintsha zaqala ukuvela, kepha ama-raccoon, ezinye ezikhona, awazange eze khona manjalo. Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-raccoon ayizihlobo eziseduze zamabhere nama-weasel, futhi okhokho abavamile basungulwe ngamabhere. Kwakukhona kubo lapho ama-raccoon okuqala ahlukana khona. Lokhu kwenzeka e-Eurasia, kepha bachuma eNyakatho Melika. Umncintiswano e-Eurasia kuvele kwaba nzima kakhulu kubo, futhi ingxenye enkulu yabo yathathelwa indawo ngama-viverrids.
Ividiyo: Kakomitsli
Kepha eNyakatho Melika, lapho kutholakala khona ama-fossil raccoons aneminyaka yobudala engama-30 million, bazithola besezimweni ezingcono kakhulu, kwavela izinhlobo eziningi ezintsha, kwabe sekungena ama-raccoon eNingizimu Melika - lokhu kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-12-15 BC. Kwakungekho ukuxhumana komhlaba phakathi kwamazwekazi ngaleso sikhathi - ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi ama-raccoon asendulo ayefuduka esiqhingini esiya esiqhingini, ewela izingqinamba eziphakathi kwawo ezingodweni. Ezwenikazi elisha, kube yibona kuphela abazingelayo futhi bazala izinhlobo ezinkulu - amanye ama-raccoon afinyelela usayizi webhere. Le mpumelelo yaphela ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwebhuloho lomhlaba phakathi kwamazwekazi - kwahlangana nezinye izidumbu, kwaqothuka ama-raccoon amakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, kwasala ama-raccoon amancane kuphela, njenge-kamitsli, asala avela kohlobo olwaqala.
Uhlobo lweKamitsli lufaka izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukile kubalingiswa abaningi nendawo yokuhlala. Uhlobo lokuqala luhlala eNyakatho Melika, bese kuthi olwesibili lube seCentral. Incazelo yesayensi yohlobo oluthile yenziwa ngo-1887 ngu-E. Kuez. Igama lohlobo lwesiLatini iBassariscus.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: INorth America Kami
Inhloko ye-kamitsli ifana ne-marten futhi ihluke kakhulu ezindlebeni ezinde, futhi zingakhonjwa noma zizungezwe. Kodwa umzimba wakhe ufana kakhulu ngesakhiwo nabamele ama-fimin. Kepha lesi silwane akusona esama-weasel noma ama-fining - siyisihlobo esiseduze sama-raccoon, njengoba kufakazelwa umbala ofana nawo. I-Kakomitsli ayimude - 13-16 cm, futhi inesisindo esincane - ama-800-1200 amagremu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye umzimba wayo mude: ungafinyelela ku-40-45 cm nangaphezulu, futhi lokhu kusenomsila.
Futhi u-fluffy futhi ubuye abe made - 35-55 cm. Izidladla zezinye zifushane, kodwa uzisebenzisa ngobuciko - uyakwazi ukugibela amatshe nokukhuphuka kahle ezihlahleni, okusiza ekuzingeleni. Okuningi kwalobu bukhono kungenzeka ngenxa yokwakheka kwamathambo emilenze yangemuva, okukuvumela ukuba wenze ukujika okungu-180 degree. Umzimba ngokwawo uyakwazi ukugoba kakhulu, okusiza ukukhasa emifantwini emincane. Ngakho-ke, ukunyakaza kwesilwane kungabonakala kungajwayelekile.
Kubonakala sengathi bangama-acrobat asobala: bakhuphuka kalula emaweni abonakala engenakunqotshwa, bese behla kubo, futhi bangakwenza ngisho nokubhekela phansi. Umsila usiza ukugcina ibhalansi. Lapho indawo imangelengele, kuba lula ngabo ukuzingela, ngoba izithiyo zivimba inyamazane yazo ngamandla kakhulu - uma kungeyona inyoni. Ijazi liphuzi, akuvamile ukuba nsundu ngomnyama, umsila unombala ofanayo, umthende. Esiswini, ijazi lilula. Eduze kwamehlo kunomdwebo: indandatho emnyama, iringi ekhanyayo iyizungezile, futhi bonke ubuso bugcwele izinwele ezimnyama.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngemuva kwesidlo ngasinye, i-kamitsli ihlanza kahle ubuso bayo nezidladla, kakhulu njengamakati.
Uhlala kuphi kakomitsli?
Isithombe: Kakomitsli waseNyakatho Melika
Izinhlobo ezimbili ngalunye zihlala ebangeni lazo. INyakatho Melika ithatha ingxenye eseningizimu yeNyakatho Melika. Zitholakala ezifundazweni eziningi zase-US, kusukela eCalifornia entshonalanga kuya emngceleni waseLouisana empumalanga. Ngasenyakatho, kusatshalaliswa kuze kufike e-Oregon, Wyoming naseKansas. Cishe uhhafu wendawo yabo yokuhlala iseMexico - abanye babo bahlala engxenyeni yayo yonke esenyakatho nasenkabeni, cishe endaweni yedolobha lasePuebla eningizimu. Lezi zilwane zivame ukutholakala endaweni engekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1 000 - 1,300 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kodwa futhi zingahlala ezintabeni ezifika phezulu kumamitha ayi-3 000. Uhlobo lwesibili luhlala eningizimu, futhi ububanzi balo buqala ngqo lapho buphelela ohlotsheni lokuqala ... Kubandakanya izifundazwe eziseningizimu yeMexico ezinjengeVercarus, i-Oaxaca, iChiapas, iYucatan nezinye.
Futhi, lolu hlobo luhlala endaweni yezinye izifundazwe:
- EBelize;
- El Salvador;
- EGuatemala;
- IHonduras;
- ICosta Rica;
- I-Panama.
Njengoba lesi silwane singathobekile ekudleni, asifuni kakhulu indawo yokuhlala, futhi singahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Imvamisa ithanda indawo enamadwala, imihosha, amahlathi e-coniferous noma ama-oki. Bangaphila ezihlahleni zezihlahlana, ikakhulukazi umjunipha, i-chaparral. Kunama-kamitsli amaningi aseduze nogu, yize bekwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezomile, ngisho nasehlane - kodwa ngasikhathi sinye bakhetha indawo eseduze nomthombo wamanzi. Abanye abantu abahlali ehlane ngaso sonke isikhathi - abanye, kunalokho, bakhetha ukukhetha indawo eseduze nabantu. Izinhlobo zaseMelika Ephakathi zihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo zazo zonke izinhlobo ezinkulu, zikhetha ibhulashi elingaphansi, futhi zihlala ezihlahleni zezihlahla. Itholakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, kusuka kumswakama kuya endaweni eyomile. Kepha abawuthandi umswakama owedlulele futhi, uma lina isikhathi eside, bathuthela ezindaweni ezomile.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona kakomitsli. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Yini edla ini?
Isithombe: Central American Kami
Bangadla kokubili ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Bathanda kakhulu lokhu okulandelayo. Abakwazi nje ukuzingela izinambuzane namagundane, kodwa futhi nezilwane ezinkulu - ngokwesibonelo, izingwejeje nonogwaja. Izinduku zibhujiswa ngempumelelo enkulu - ngaphambili, ezinye zazo zazivame ukuthanjiswa ngqo ngenxa yalokhu.
Babuye bazingele izibankwa, izinyoka futhi babambe nezinyoni. Imvamisa bafuna inyamazane eduzane nemizimba yamanzi, lapho behlangana khona nezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini ezahlukahlukene. Singasho ukuthi i-kakimitsli iyakwazi ukudla cishe noma yisiphi isidalwa esiphilayo esinamandla anele nobukhono bokubamba - zikhetha ngokuphelele ngokudla. Uhlelo lokugaya luqine ngokwanele - alwenele ukugaya izilwane ezinobuthi, kodwa lwanele ukondla izidumbu futhi, ezikwenzayo lapho zingakwazi ukubamba inyamazane ephilayo. Bachitha isikhathi esiningi bezingela - bazingela inyamazane, zama ukubamba umzuzu omuhle wokuhlaselwa, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi izisulu zabo ziyakwazi ukulwa nazo.
Badla izithelo nezinye izithelo, ikakhulukazi bathanda ama-persimmon nobhanana, bavame ukuzitika ngamajikijolo omjunipha kanye ne-mistletoe. Bangadla ama-acorn futhi baphuze umuthi womuthi. Vele, ukudla kwezilwane kunomsoco kakhulu, ngoba abanye abantu bakuthanda, kepha noma kunjalo, ukudla kwezitshalo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwabo. Isilinganiso sincike kakhulu enkathini, kanye nasendaweni lapho isilwane sihlala khona. Abanye bahlala ogwadule, bahlupheke ngohlaza, ngakho-ke kufanele bazingele okuningi, abanye - ngasogwini lolwandle kugcwele nakho, lapho ngenkathi yokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo nezithelo kungekho sidingo sokuzingela, ngoba kunokudla okuningi nxazonke.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Kakomitsli ngokwemvelo
Iyasebenza kusihlwa nasebusuku. Emini baya ezidlekeni, ezihlelwe emigodini yezihlahla, imifantu phakathi kwamatshe, imihume noma izindlu ezishiyiwe. Njengoba bekhuphuka kahle kakhulu, bangahlala ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo, ngakhoke izindawo eziphephile. Abanye abantu baphumula kuzo ilanga limile - lezi zilwane ngokuvamile azikuthandi ukushisa. Indawo - owesilisa ngamunye uhlala endaweni enkulu, cishe amahektha angama-80-130, "izimpahla" zabesifazane azizinkulu kangako. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlaba wabesilisa awukwazi ukuhlangana, kepha kwabesilisa nabesifazane ukuhlangana okunjalo kuvame ukwenzeka. Imvamisa, omakhelwane bakha izithandani ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Abamele bezinhlobo zaseNyakatho Melika bamaka imingcele yendawo yabo ngomchamo nezimfihlo ezifihliwe ezivela kwizindlala zangasese. Abantu baseMelika Ephakathi abakwenzi lokhu, kepha futhi abavumeli abantu abangabazi bangene: bayabethusa ngezwi labo, ngenkathi bekwazi ukumemeza kakhulu, ukubhonga noma ukukhonkotha. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa kukakimitsli, uyahamba ayofuna umhlaba wakhe, ongakahlali abanye. Kwesinye isikhathi kufanele ahambe amabanga amade, futhi uma engakatholi isiza sakhe, angagcina esemhlambini. Lokhu kujwayelekile ezindaweni ezigcwele kakhulu lezi zilwane. Kwabanye, ukuthuthuka okunjalo kwemicimbi akuthandeki - emhlambini baqala ukuhola indlela yokuphila yokuzulazula, kungaqubuka izingxabano phakathi kwezilwane ezikulo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ekuqaleni basengabantu abanesizungu futhi kunzima kubo ukuzwana nezihlobo.
Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi ngeke bathanjiswe ngabantu - bangaba yizilwane ezifuywayo ezinomusa nezothando, kepha-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi bakhuliswe ekuthunjweni kwasekuzalweni. Izwi le-kakomitsli lingamangaza kakhulu - banomsindo omncane, futhi iningi labo libukeka njengokukhala okuncane noma ukukhwehlela. Abantu abasha bayancinza futhi bakhalime, futhi bangakhala ngokuxakile, ngamanothi ensimbi. Abanye abantu bayathanda ukuxhumana futhi banobungane impela, kepha ukujwayela indlela abakwenza ngayo akulula kangako. Uma uzama ukubamba lesi silwane, khona-ke sizokhipha imfihlo enephunga eliqinile eyenzelwe ukwethusa izitha. Ngokwemvelo, baphila iminyaka eyi-7-10, khona-ke bayaguga futhi abasakwazi ukuzingela kakhulu, futhi baba sengozini enkulu yezilwane ezizingelayo. Ekuthunjweni, bayakwazi ukuphila isikhathi eside kakhulu - iminyaka eyi-15-18.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: IKakomytsli Cub
Kakhulu bahlala bodwa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi basalahleka emihlambini - lokhu ikakhulukazi kuthinta labo asebeshintshe yonke impilo yabo ngenxa yokusondela kwabantu. Izilwane ezinjalo zingadlela ezindaweni zokulahla udoti futhi ngokuvamile ziphila njengezinja ezilahlekile. Ngenhlanhla, eziningi zalezi zilwane azikashintsheli kule ndlela yokuphila - zihlala ehlane zodwa futhi zikhetha ukuzingela kunokufuna imfucuza. Ama-kamitsli anjalo akha ama-pair ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokuzalanisa - lokhu kwenzeka ngoFebhuwari noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezizayo.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi ifuna indawo lapho ingabelethela khona - lokhu kufanele kube yindlwana eyimfihlo futhi enomthunzi, okunzima ukusondela kuyo. Imvamisa bahlala ezindaweni ezifanayo, kepha abazaleli emihumeni yabo. Abesilisa abahlanganyeli kulokhu nganoma iyiphi indlela futhi ngokuvamile bashiya abesifazane.
Noma kukhona okuhlukile: kukhona abesilisa abanakekela inzalo ngemuva kokuzalwa, bondle futhi baqeqeshe. Kepha lokho akwenzeki kaningi. Kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezimbili ukuthi insikazi izale, ngakho-ke amawundlu avame ukuvela ngoMeyi noma ngoJuni, afinyelela kwayisihlanu awo.
Amawundlu azelwe kuphela amancane kakhulu - anesisindo esingu-25-30 g, futhi awanakho ukuzivikela ngokuphelele. Inyanga yokuqala badla ubisi lukamama kuphela, futhi kuphela ekugcineni kwalo, noma ngisho nasesibili, amehlo abo ayavuleka. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazama okunye ukudla, kepha ikakhulukazi bayaqhubeka nokudla ubisi. Ngeminyaka yezinyanga ezi-3, bafunda ukuzingela, bese kuthi ngemuva kwenye inyanga bashiye umama wabo bese beqala ukuhlala ngokwehlukana. UKakitsli uvuthwa ngokocansi ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyishumi - ngaleso sikhathi kuqala inkathi elandelayo yokuzala.
Izitha zemvelo ze-kakomycli
Isithombe: Kakomytsli
Lesi silwane sincane ngosayizi, ngakho-ke singaba yisisulu sezilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye.
Kaningi bayamzingela:
- ukhwekhwe;
- i-lynx;
- i-puma;
- impisi ebomvu;
- impungushe;
- isikhova.
Uma kusondela noma yisiphi kulezi zidlakela, i-kakomytsli izama ukucasha endaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuyo ngangokunokwenzeka, isebenzisa ubuqili bayo. Imvamisa izikhathi lapha zinquma konke: izidlova zivame ukubona kangcono nokuzwa, ezikusebenzisa ukubamba abanye abantu ngokuzumayo, kepha lesi silwane asilula.
Zimpintsha zingene emifantwini emincane, lapho isilwane singakwazi ukufinyelela khona, kuthi emuva kwesikhashana ilahle ithemba bese ishiya ithungatha inyamazane entsha. Uma bekungenakwenzeka ukwenza lokhu futhi uhlobo oluthile lwento luwela ezinzwaneni noma ezinzwaneni zalo, khona-ke lufihla imfihlo enephunga, ligobise umsila bese lukhipha uboya, lube lukhulu ngokubonakalayo.
Zombili zenzelwe ukwethusa umhlaseli, kepha iningi lezilwane ezizingelayo ezizingela uhlobo oluthile selazi kahle kakhulu ngalezi zici. Kodwa-ke, iphunga elibi lingabadida futhi lisalivumele lishelele. Izidliwayo, ezingayijwayele leyo nyama, zingayidedela ngokuphelele, zinqume ukuthi kuyabiza kakhulu ukuhlasela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lapho abahloli bamazwe beqala kakimitsli ukuzingela amagundane, babenzela ibhokisi elikhethekile balibeka endaweni efudumele. Usuku lonke isilwane sasilele kuso, futhi bazama ukungamphazamisi - kwathi ebusuku waphuma egcwele amandla waqala ukuzingela.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Kakomitsli eMelika
Zombili ziphakathi kokukhathaza okuncane. Indawo yazo yokuhlala ibanzi ngokwanele futhi, yize kunendawo yokuhlala, ziningi zalezi zilwane ngokwemvelo. Bavunyelwe nokuzingela, futhi minyaka yonke e-United States kuphela, abazingeli bavuna izikhumba eziyi-100 000 - kepha-ke, abaziswanga kakhulu. Umonakalo wokuzingelwa kwabantu awubalulekile. Ukuhlolwa kwayo okunembile kunzima, ngoba izilwane eziningi zikhetha ukuhlala emakhoneni akude, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi zombili lezi zinhlobo zimelwe amashumi ezigidi zabantu.
Indawo eyinhloko yamakamitsli yihlathi, bathembele kulo, ngakho-ke ukuqothulwa kwalo okuqhubekayo eMelika Ephakathi kuthinta kabi inani lalezi zilwane. Balahlekelwa izindawo zabo ezihlala njalo, baqale ukuzulazula ngemihlambi futhi balimaze ukutshalwa kwamasiko, isikhathi sabo sokuphila siyancipha, futhi akukho mibandela yokuzalanisa. Ngakho-ke, eCosta Rica naseBelize, zithathwa njengezisengozini futhi kuthathwa izinyathelo zokugcina abantu bendawo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Igama lesiLatin lohlobo luhunyushwa ngokuthi "chanterelle", futhi igama elithi kamitsli uqobo lihunyushwa lisuselwa kuma-Aztec ngokuthi "uhhafu wengqondo". Bathole igama lesiNgisi elithi ringtail ngenxa yemivimbo esemsileni. Kepha uhlu alupheli lapho futhi: phambilini babevame ukukhuliswa ezindaweni zabavukuzi, ngakho igama elithi "ikati lasemayini" lalinamathele ngemuva kwabo.
Ukuhlala endaweni yemvelo nokuhola indlela yabo ejwayelekile yokuphila ezinye Abaphazamisi abantu nhlobo, futhi ngisho kuyaqabukela behlangana namehlo abo: yize lesi silwane sisakazeke eNyakatho Melika, akubona bonke abantu abazi ngaso. Uma ufaka umuntu othile endlini kusukela azalwa, khona-ke uzoba yisilwane esihle futhi uzoxhumana nabanikazi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/24/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 07.10.2019 ngo-12: 05
