I-Spiny newt (Pleurodeles waltl) - inhlobo yezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini ezingezohlobo olusha lweRibbed newts kusuka ku-Tailed amphibians. I-spiny newt ingesinye sezinhlobo ezinkulu zamaswidi, isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke yimikhawulo ekhonjiwe yamathambo ezimbambo aphumele ezinhlangothini ngesikhathi sobungozi. Into ukuthi ubuthi bufihliwe emaphethelweni ezimbambo, kubangele ukuzwa okungathandeki esidlweni futhi kumphoqe ukuthi ashiye inyamazane yakhe yodwa. Ngakho-ke leli gama lavela.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Spiny newt
Izinaliti ezintsha kanye nezinye izinhlobo zentsha yizilwane zasolwandle zasendulo kakhulu, ezake zasabalala kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinguzunga zeqhwa zenkathi yamaQuaternary zabadudulela emuva ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu nasentshonalanga yeYurophu. Namuhla lolu hlobo luhlala endaweni elinganiselwe kakhulu, lapho luthathwa ngokusemthethweni njengendawo ekhona.
Ividiyo: Spiny Newt
Lezi yizilwane ezinkulu ngokwedlulele, lapho ezimweni zemvelo zingakhula zifike kuma-23 cm ubude, ngenkathi ekuthunjweni ubude bazo bungafinyelela kuma-30 cm nangaphezulu. Abesifazane, njengomthetho, bakhulu kunabesilisa, kepha abahlukile kubo. Ama-newtts angenayo i-dorsal ridge. Umsila wazo umfishane - cishe uhhafu wobude, uthanjisiwe, usikiwe ngamafold fin, futhi uyindilinga ekugcineni.
Isikhumba sinombala onsundu omnyama noma ocishe ube mnyama onamabala aluhlaza okokukhanya. Ayilingani nokuthinta, i-grainy kakhulu, i-tuberous futhi iyindlala. Kunezindawo eziningi ezibomvu noma eziphuzi ezinhlangothini zomzimba. Kukulezi zindawo lapho imikhawulo ebukhali yezimbambo ze-newt iphuma khona uma kuba nengozi. Isisu sezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini sikhanya, sinombala ompunga namabala amnyama amancane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ekuthunjweni, ifomu le-albino lama-spiny newts lisanda kuzalwa - ngomhlane omhlophe, isisu esimhlophe ngokuphuzi namehlo abomvu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: newt spiny newt
Isikhumba sikaNewts siyashelela futhi siyacwebezela lapho sisemanzini. Lapho izilwane ziphumela emhlabathini ziyophefumula noma zizingele, isikhumba sazo siphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kakhulu, siba lukhuni, sibe lukhuni futhi sibe buthuntu. Inhloko yezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini iyefana neyexoxo elinehlo elincane, elixathukile legolide elisezinhlangothini.
Ngenxa yokuqubuka kwemisipha eminingi eyindlala, umzimba wama-newt spiny ubukeka uyisikwele uma ubukwa ngaphesheya. Amathambo ezilwane anama-vertebrae angama-56. Ngaphezu kwezimbambo ezicijile, eziphumela ngaphandle lapho zivikelwa ngokugqobhoza isikhumba, kunezindlala eziningi ezinobuthi kuwo wonke umzimba wentsha. Ubuthi obusencane yama-spiny buthakathaka futhi abubulali, kepha uma bufinyelela imihuzuko kulwelwesi lwamafinyila esitha, olwenziwe ngamathambo ezimbambo abukhali we-newt, lubanga ubuhlungu kumzingeli.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izindebe ze-cloacal zithuthukiswa kakhulu kwabesifazane, futhi zine-hypertrophied kwabesilisa.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-newt spiny ibukeka kanjani. Ake sithole ukuthi uhlala kuphi.
Ihlala kuphi i-newt spiny?
Isithombe: Spiny newt eSpain
Inewt enombambo ingeyasePortugal (ingxenye esentshonalanga), iSpain (ingxenye eseningizimu nentshonalanga) neMorocco (ingxenye esenyakatho). Ama-Newts ahlala ikakhulukazi emachibini anamanzi ahlanzekile apholile. Zivame ukutholakala ezintabeni zaseGranada (iSierra di Logia) ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-1200. Zitholakala nasekujuleni kwamamitha angama-60-70 emigedeni eliseduze neBukhot noma iBen Slaymain eMorocco. I-spiny newt yaseSpain ihlala ekujuleni kwe-1 m emzimbeni ogeleza kancane: emiseleni, emachibini, emachibini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo zaseSweden zafunda i-spiny newt genome. Njengomphumela wocwaningo, kutholakale ukuthi ikhodi ye-DNA yesilwane iqukethe imininingwane yezofuzo ephindwe kaningana kunekhodi ye-DNA yomuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-newt anomlando omkhulu wokuzivuselela wazo zonke izilwane ezinemilenze emine. Bangakhula futhi bahlele kabusha imisila, izitho, imihlathi, imisipha yenhliziyo, ngisho namaseli obuchopho. Isigaba esilandelayo socwaningo kuzoba ngocwaningo oluningiliziwe lomsebenzi wokuvuselelwa kwamangqamuzana obuchopho nokuthi amangqamuzana ama-stem abandakanyeka kanjani ezinqubweni zokuvuselela izinyoni ezindala.
Ukuhlanzeka kwamanzi kulezi zasemanzini akubalulekile. Zisebenza kahle nasemizimbeni yamanzi enosawoti omncane. Inewt yaseSpain ingahola impilo yasemanzini neyasemhlabeni, kepha-ke, ikhetha eyangaphambili kakhulu, ngakho-ke ayitholakali kaningi emhlabeni. Izinaliti ezintsha zivame ukuhlala emzimbeni owodwa wamanzi iminyaka eminingana, noma impilo yazo yonke. Uma, ngasizathu simbe, indawo abahlala kuyo iyeka ukuhambisana nabo, lapho-ke bayathutha bayofuna ikhaya elisha, futhi bakwenza ngesikhathi semvula ukugwema ukuphela kwamanzi. Ehlobo, lapho kushisa kakhulu, ngesikhathi esomile kakhulu, izilwane eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini zingashiya amadamu futhi zicashe emigodini ejulile nasemifantwini ephakathi kwamatshe. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-newt kunzima kakhulu ukuwabona, njengoba eza ebusweni ebusuku futhi azingela kuphela.
Idlani i-spiny newt?
Isithombe: Spiny newt ovela eRed Book
Izinaliti newts yizilwane ezizingelayo zangempela, kepha akuzona izingilazi ezikhethekile ekudleni, ngakho-ke zingadla konke. Isimo esikhulu: ukudla kwabo okungenzeka kufanele kundize, kugijime noma kukhase, okungukuthi, kube kuphila. Ekudleni, bawela ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle neze, ama-newts awazange abonwe, kepha amacala odla abantu, ikakhulukazi ekuthunjweni, enzeka.
Imenyu yansuku zonke yama-amphibians ibukeka kanjena:
- izimbaza;
- izibungu;
- ama-invertebrate amancane;
- izinambuzane;
- izinyoka ezincane.
Ehlobo, lapho kushisa kakhulu ngisho nasemanzini futhi izintuthwane ziphoqeleka ukuba zicashe ekushiseni, zikhuthazelela kalula indlala yesikhashana. Ngesikhathi semidlalo yokukhwelana, lapho amandla okuzala eza phambili futhi eba namandla kunezinye izidingo, ama-amphibians nawo awadli lutho, kepha ahlala elwa nezimbangi, abhekele abesifazane, abalingani kanye nokuzala.
Ekuthunjweni, ama-spiny newts akhetha nokudla ukudla okuphilayo. Okufanele lokhu izikelemu zomhlaba, izimpukane, izintethe, iminenke, ama-slugs, ama-bloodworms, kanye nezicucu zenyama eluhlaza efriziwe noma inhlanzi. Kuyadumazeka kakhulu ukondla amantshontsho ngokudla okomile noma okumanzi kwamakati noma izinja, ngoba aqukethe izithako ezingahambisani neze nokudla kwemvelo kwamaswidi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Spiny newt
Ama-Ribbed newts azizwa emuhle emhlabeni nasemanzini, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kungenzeka angayi nhlobo emhlabeni iminyaka eminingana. Ukuzilibazisa okuyintandokazi kwezilwane "ukulengisa" isikhathi eside kukholamu lamanzi, ubheke indawo ezungezile. Ngokuya ngezimo zezulu, zingahola impilo nobusuku nobusuku. Isibonelo, esikhathini esingaphandle kwesizini, lapho kungashisi kakhulu, izintuthwane zikhetha ukuzingela emini. Ehlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka ngamandla, izintuthwane ziphoqeleka ukuba zicashe emigodini nasemigedeni emini, bese ziyazingela ebusuku.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-Spiny newts abonakala ngokuncibilika. Izikhathi zokusula ze-molting azikasungulwa - konke kungokwakho ngamunye.
Ama-newt adinga ukuncibilika ngoba aphefumula ngesikhumba. It is ngokoqobo igcwele imithambo yegazi mncane (capillaries), lapho igazi ahlanganiswe umoya-mpilo emanzini. Lesi sici sivumela ama-amphibians ukuthi angantanta kaningi phezulu ukuze athole umoya. Njengoba ama-newton spts engazweli kakhulu ebumsulweni bamanzi, isikhumba sawo ngokushesha singcola. Isikhumba esingcolisiwe siphazamisa ukuphefumula okufanele, ngakho-ke izintuthwane ziyasichitha.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngokwemvelo, ama-spiny newts angaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12, ekuthunjweni - kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-8. Yize okuningi, uma kungenjalo konke, kuya ngokudla nezimo zokuboshwa.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: newt spiny newt
Izinaliti ezintsha zingazala izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokuqala sokuzalisa ngoFebhuwari-Mashi, okwesibili ngoJulayi-Agasti. Ngohlobo lokuziphatha kwazo emphakathini, ziyizilwane ezizodwa ezihlangana ngamaqembu kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kuma-amphibians kwenzeka esikhathini esisukela eminyakeni eyi-1 ukuya kwengu-3, okuya ngezimo zokuhlala kwabo. Ngokuqala kwenkathi yokukhwelana, ama-callus akhula ezidladleni zenew newt. Ukuthi kungani zidingeka akucaci ngokuphelele. Mhlawumbe ukuvikelwa ngesikhathi sezimpi nezimbangi.
Isikhathi sokumatanisa sinezigaba ezilandelayo:
- ukulwa kokukhwelana;
- ukuqomisana;
- ukumatanisa;
- ukuphonsa amaqanda.
Ngesikhathi sokulwa kokukhwelana, abesilisa bayalwa bodwa, futhi ngesihluku. Inqubo yokuqomisana ihlanganisa uhlobo lwesandulela sesenzo sokukhwelana. Owesilisa ubamba insikazi ebanjwe empini efanelekile ngezidladla zakhe futhi okwesikhashana "uyigingqa" phansi echibini. Ngemuva kwe-foreplay, ukukhwelana kuqala. Owesilisa uthinta isifonyo sowesifazane ngezidladla zakhe futhi asibambe ngobumnene kusuka ngezansi, ngasikhathi sinye adedele uketshezi lwesidumbu emzimbeni bese eluhambisa ngezitho zakhe zamahhala ku-cloaca. Isiko lokukhwelana lingaphindwa izikhathi ezingama-5-7.
Ukuzalela kuqala ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 ngemuva kokukhwelana. Ngokuya ngosayizi nobudala, i-newt yensikazi ingabeka amaqanda afinyelela ku-1,300. Amaqanda abekwa insikazi emaqabungeni naseziqu zezitshalo zasemanzini ngendlela yamaketanga ama-10-20 pcs., Lapho inqubo yokufukamela yenzeka khona.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amaqanda e-newt spiny afinyelela ku-2 mm ubukhulu, kanti ubukhulu bemvilophu ye-gelatinous abudluli ku-7 mm.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle, izibungu ziyaqanduselwa emaqandeni ezinsukwini eziyi-15-16. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila, abasizwa nhlobo isidingo sokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibungu zondla ngezinto ezilula ezinama-unicellular. Ubude bezibungu bungu-10-11 mm. Cishe ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu, izibungu ziqala inqubo yokuguqulwa komzimba, ehlala ezinye izinyanga ezi-2.5 - 3. Ekupheleni kwe-metamophosis, izibungu ziphenduka izintuthwane ezincane, ezihluke kubantu abadala kuphela ngosayizi wazo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ama-newtts amancane angakhula afike ku-14 cm.
Izitha zemvelo zama-spiny newts
Isithombe: Spiny newt waseSpain
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, amachaphazelo amancanyana azivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezifuna ukuzizingela ngosizo lwezimbambo kanye nento enobuthi ekhishwa ekugcineni kwamathambo ezimbambo ngezikhathi zobungozi. Kodwa-ke, ubuthi bentsha abubulali, okuvame ukudlala kungabasizi. Kukhona futhi amacala okudla inyama phakathi kwama-spiny newts, kepha lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.
Njengoba izinsha ezindala zikhulu ngosayizi - kufika ku-23 cm, azinazo izitha eziningi zemvelo, kepha izinyoka ezinkulu zingazizingela, zigwinye isisulu sazo sonke nezinyoni ezidla inyama (izinkozi, oklebe), zibulale inyamazane yazo. ukuphonsa kusuka phezulu ematsheni. Njengoba izintuthwane ezinama-spiny zingamampunge kakhulu emhlabathini, zingaba izisulu ezilula zezindwandwe nonoqweqwe.
Ngokuqondene nabancane, izibungu nezinsizwa ezincane zizoba nezitha eziningi emvelweni. Isibonelo, izibungu zizingelwa ngempumelelo ngamaxoxo nezinhlanzi ezidlayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-newt caviar, equkethe amaprotheni amaningi, futhi iyindlela enhle yokwelapha amasele nezinhlanzi. Izinyoka ezincane, izinyoni, ngisho nama-quadrupeed nawo azingela izintuthwane ezincane. Izazi zezilwane sezilinganise ukuthi, ngokwesilinganiso, kunamaqanda abekiwe ayi-1 000, ingxenye yawo isinda ngokulambisa ize iye ebusheni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Spiny newt
Ama-Ribbed newts, njengama-amphibian amaningi, avundile impela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banezinkathi ezimbili zokukhwelana ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke, nalokhu ezweni lamanje elisemadolobheni alikwazi ukusindisa isimo, futhi namuhla kuwo womathathu la mazwe inani le-spiny newt lehle kakhulu futhi liyaqhubeka nokwehla ngokuqhubekayo.
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokwehla kwenani lama-spiny newts:
- isikhathi esifushane sokuphila. Endle, inewt ihlala isikhathi esingeqile eminyakeni eyi-12. Kunezizathu eziningi zalokhu, njengezinhlekelele zemvelo, ukuntuleka kokudla, izitha zemvelo;
- imvelo empofu, ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwemizimba yamanzi ngodoti kanye namakhemikhali ahlukahlukene. Yize ama-spiny newts engazweli kakhulu emanzini angahlanzekile kangako, kepha, ngokuthuthuka kwezimboni nokulima, amakhemikhali amaningi ayingozi angena emanzini kangangokuthi ngisho nezinsizwa azikwazi ukuhlala kuwo;
- izinguquko ngokwendawo kwemvelo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ezolimo, izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi zivame ukukhishwa, okugcina kuholele ekunyamalaleni kwamadamu lapho kwakuhlala khona izintethe ngaphambili;
- i-newt spiny ifunwa kakhulu njengesilwane esifuywayo. Yiqiniso, bazalelwa ekuthunjweni ukuthengiswa, kepha ukubanjwa okungekho emthethweni kwama-newtts, ikakhulukazi amancane, kubangela ukulimala okungenakulungiseka kubantu.
Ukuqapha ama-Spiny Newts
Isithombe: Spiny newt ovela eRed Book
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, inani lama-spiny newts liyaqhubeka nokwehla ngenxa yezici eziningi ezingezinhle, kufaka phakathi izimo zezemvelo ezimbi kanye nokungcoliswa kwemizimba yamanzi.
Ngalesi sizathu, i-amphibian ifakiwe kwiRed Data Books yase-Italy, ePortugal, eSpain, eMorocco, kanye naku-International Red Data Book. Ngokwezibalo, emazweni ashiwo ngenhla kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, kuye kwakhanywa ngaphezu kwengxenye yemizimba yamanzi, okuholele ekwehleni okukhulu kwenani lama-new spiny ahlala ezimweni zemvelo.
Leli qiniso labangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu phakathi kwezazi zezilwane, futhi bakholelwa ukuthi uma sishiya konke kunjengoba kunjalo futhi singenzi izinyathelo ezinqala zokuzivikela, khona-ke eminyakeni eyi-10-15 ngeke kube khona okusha okusha. "Kodwa lolu hlobo lukhuliswe ngempumelelo ekuthunjweni," kusho omunye umuntu. Yebo, kepha ama-newtts asekhaya emvelweni kungenzeka angabi nezimpande, ngoba ngenxa yezimo zokuphila ezintofontofo, balahlekelwe wonke amakhono abawadingayo.
Yini okudingeka yenziwe ukubuyisela inani lama-spiny newts endaweni yawo yokuhlala:
- izinyathelo ezinzima zomthwalo wokudoba ngokungemthetho;
- ukuthuthukisa isimo semvelo;
- vikela imizimba yamanzi;
- ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi emhlabeni wezolimo.
I-Spiny newt ngelinye lamalungu amakhulu emndenini walo. Lesi silwane endaweni yaso kubhekwa njengokungajwayelekile, kepha njengesilwane sasekhaya singathengwa cishe kuzo zonke izitolo ezifuywayo. Ama-needle newts ahlala emizimbeni yamanzi nasemhlabeni, kepha asachitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini. Namuhla ama-newts adinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, njengoba amanani abo ancipha nsuku zonke.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 23.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-19: 24
