Ingulube - uhlobo olwandile e-Afrika. Lezi zingulube zihlukaniswa ngokubukeka kwazo okungabukeki, lapho zathola khona igama lazo. Bangabantu abanesizungu abanokuthula abadlala indima ebalulekile emvelweni yase-Afrika. Izingulube ziyizingelo zezilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye, futhi zona ngokwazo zigcina inani lezitshalo zokhula nezinambuzane eziyingozi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ingulube
Ingulube iyilungu lomndeni wengulube ohlala endle. Lesi yisilwane esinezinselo, njengawo wonke amanye amalungu omndeni. Ngokuvamile, umndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili, ezinye zazo ezaba ngokhokho bezingulube ezifuywayo.
Onke amalungu omndeni ayafana komunye nomunye kumapharamitha alandelayo:
- umzimba ohlangene, ominyene, njengokungathi unxande;
- imilenze emifushane eqinile enezinselo;
- ikhanda elihlanganisiwe eligcina ekhaleni eliyisicaba le-cartilaginous - livumela izingulube ukuthi zidabule umhlabathi zifuna ukudla;
- umugqa wezinwele omncane, oqukethe izinwele eziminyene ezijiyile - ama-bristles.
Izingulube zihlala impilo ezolile, ngaso sonke isikhathi zifuna ukudla. Ngaphansi kwesikhumba esijiyile kunongqimba olukhulu lwamafutha, okwenza izingulube zithambekele ekukhuluphaleni - yingakho zazifuyiwe. Kulula ukhuluphele futhi kunzima ukwehlisa isisindo. Izingulube ziza ngemibala nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izingulube ziphakathi kwezilwane eziyisishiyagalolunye ezihlakaniphe kakhulu emhlabeni, njengoba zikhombisa amazinga aphezulu obuhlakani nokunaka.
Ividiyo: Ingulube
Ngokwemvelo, abanalo ulaka, kepha bangahlasela ekuzivikeleni. Zonke izingulube zithanda omnivorous, yize ekuqaleni zithanda ukudla kwezitshalo. Kwesinye isikhathi izingulube ezeduna (ikakhulukazi ezinye izinhlobo) ziveze amabamba, angamsizi ekuzivikeleni, kepha amvumela ukuba adabule inhlabathi eqinile efuna izimpande ezihlwabusayo.
Ukufuywa kwezingulube kwenzeka kudala, ngakho-ke kunzima ukusho ukuthi yibaphi abantu abakwenza kuqala. Cishe izingulube zokuqala ezifuywayo zavela eChina ngenkulungwane yesishiyagalombili yeminyaka BC. Kusukela lapho, izingulube sezigxilile ngokuqinile eduze kwabantu: zithola inyama, izikhumba eziqinile, nezithako ezahlukahlukene zokwelapha.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ezinye izitho zezingulube zingasetshenziswa njengezitshalo - zilungele ukufakelwa kabusha komuntu.
Ngenxa yokufana kwabo ngokomzimba nabantu, izivivinyo zenziwa ezingulubeni. Izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe zezingulube ezincane zigcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo, futhi azikho ngaphansi ekusebenzeni kobuhlakani ezinjeni.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ingulube yengulube
I-warthog ibonakala kalula ngokubukeka kwayo okumibalabala. Umzimba wayo uvulekile, uncane kakhulu futhi mncane kunomzimba wengulube ejwayelekile yasekhaya. Umgogodla we-croup kanye ne-sagging uhlukaniswe ngokusobala, okuvumela i-warthog ukuthi ihambe kakhulu kunezakwabo emndenini.
Izingulube zinekhanda elikhulu, liyisicaba, aligcwele izinhlanga. Ikhala elilengisiwe liphelela "esiqwini" esibanzi ngamakhala amakhulu. Amazinyo akhe ahlaba umxhwele - amazinyo aphezulu, aphezulu, agobeke phezu kwesifonyo. Amazinyo amancane amhlophe; kubantu abadala, aphenduka aphuzi. Ama-canine angakhula afike kuma-60 cm futhi akhule impilo yonke.
Ezinhlangothini zomlomo, izigaxa ezincane ezinamafutha, ezibukeka njengezinsumpa, zitholakala ngokulingana komunye nomunye - ngenxa yalokhu, ingulube yasendle yathola igama layo. Kungaba nepheya elilodwa lamadiphozithi anjalo, noma amabili noma amathathu. Eduze kwamehlo amnyama we-warthog kukhona amafolda amaningi ajulile afana nemibimbi.
Ukusuka ngemuva kwekhanda, eduze nokubuna kuya maphakathi nomhlane, kunebhayisikili ende eqinile. Ngokuvamile, i-warthog cishe ayinayo nhlobo inwele - ama-bristles aqinile aqina aphela ngokuphelele ngokuguga, futhi ingulube ayizidingi. Kukhona nezinwele ezibomvu noma ezimhlophe esiswini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kuma-warthogs amadala, izinwele ezisesiswini kanye nomhlana ziba mpunga.
Imilenze yengulube iphakeme futhi iqinile. Umsila wengulube omude ohambayo ungakhuphuka phezulu, ngaleyo ndlela unikeze izimpawu ezithile ezihlotsheni zawo. Umsila uphela ngentambo ephaphathekile, eqinile. Ukuphakama ekubuneni kungama-85 cm, ubude bomzimba, ngaphandle komsila, bungamasentimitha ayi-150. Ingulube yasendle endala ingaba nesisindo esifika ku-150 kg, kepha ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo sayo siyahluka cishe ku-50 kg.
Isikhumba sezingulube simpunga onsundu, sicishe sibe mnyama. Izingulube ezincane nezingulube ezincane zinesikhumba esibomvu nesansundu, zimbozwe kakhulu ngoboya obubomvu. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ijazi iba mnyama futhi liwe.
Ihlala kuphi insumpa?
Isithombe: Ingulube e-Afrika
Izingulube zingatholakala kulo lonke elase-Afrika kuze kufike oGwadule lwaseSahara. Ziyingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo yase-Afrika, njengoba zizingelwa yizilwane eziningi ezidlayo, kanti izingulube ngokwazo zilawula umphakathi wezinambuzane eziningi nokhula oluyingozi.
Ngokungafani nabanye abamele umndeni we-ungulate, bahlala bodwa futhi abavamile ukusuka ezindaweni ngezindawo. Izingulube, ikakhulukazi ezinsikazi, zimba imigodi ejulile emhlabathini, lapho zicasha khona ekushiseni noma zicashe ezilwaneni eziyingozi. Lemigodi ingatholakala otshanini obude noma ezimpandeni zezihlahla. Iningi lemigodi lenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzala, lapho kuvela amawundlu ezingulube. Baqale bacashe ezindlini zokukhosela baze baqine.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izingulube ezincane zigonqana ekujuleni komgodi, futhi omama bazo, behlehla nyovane, babonakala beyivala ngokwabo le mbobo, ngaleyo ndlela bavikela inzalo yabo ezilwaneni eziyingozi.
Lezi zingulube zasendle zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingaminyene amahlathi aminyene, ngoba kulula kakhulu ukuthi izidlakela zicashe ehlathini. Ngasikhathi sinye, izingulube zasendle zivame ukumba imigodi ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla futhi zithanda ukuzitika ngezithelo eziwile, ngakho-ke, ema-savanna nasemaphoyiseni lapho kuhlala khona lezi zingulube zasendle, isikhala nezimila kuhlangene ngokuvumelanayo.
Idlani ingulube?
Isithombe: Ingulube yengulube
Izingulube ziyizidlakudla, yize zithanda ukudla kwezitshalo. Ngokuvamile, ukudla kwabo kufaka:
- izimpande abazitholayo ngokumba phansi ngezimpimpi zabo;
- amajikijolo, izithelo eziwile ezihlahleni;
- utshani obuluhlaza;
- amantongomane, amahlumela amancane;
- amakhowe (kufaka phakathi anobuthi - izingulube zigaya cishe noma yikuphi ukudla);
- uma behlangabezana nesidumbu endleleni yabo, izingulube nazo zizoyidla;
- kwesinye isikhathi ngenkathi zifunzwa, ngephutha zingadla amagundane amancane noma izinyoni ezivame ukuba seduze kwalezi zingulube.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izingulube zinomuzwa omuhle kakhulu wephunga - zisetshenziselwa ukuthola amakhowe abalulekile - ama-truffle.
Ingulube iphaka kanje. Ikhanda layo elikhulu elinentamo emfushane aliyivumeli ukuthi ligobeke phansi, njengoba kwenza izilwane eziningi ezidla imfuyo, ngakho-ke i-warthog igobisa imilenze yayo yangaphambili emadolweni, iyibeke phansi bese iphakela ngale ndlela. Esimeni esifanayo, uyahamba, udabula umhlabathi ngamakhala efuna ukudla. Kuleli fomu, lisengozini enkulu ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Ngenxa yale ndlela yokuphila, izingulube zikhulisa izingqinamba emadolweni azo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ingulube
Abesifazane nabesilisa bayehluka ngendlela yabo yokuphila. Abesilisa bakhetha ukuhlala bodwa: kuyaqabukela abesilisa abancane beduka babe ngamaqembu amancane. Abesifazane bahlala emihlambini yabantu abayishumi kuya kwabangu-70, iningi labo okungamazinyane.
Ama-warthogs yizilwane ezihlakaniphile futhi, ngokungafani nezinye izilwane ezidla izilwane, akayona igwala. Bayakwazi ukuzivikela kanye nenzalo yabo, bekhombisa indlela yokuziphatha enobudlova ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, ezingaba ngubukhulu obuphindwe kaningi ngosayizi wazo. Izinsikazi zezinsikazi zingavikela amawundlu ngamaqembu, zihlasele ngisho nomhlambi wezingonyamakazi ezizingelayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kwesinye isikhathi, izingulube zibona izinsongo ezindlovu, obhejane nemvubu futhi zingazihlasela.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi sabo, izingulube ziklaba e-savanna, zifuna ukudla. Ebusuku, lapho izidalwa seziqala ukusebenza, izingulube ziya emigodini yazo, abesifazane bahlela ama-rookeries, abanye babantu abalali futhi babone ukuthi zikhona yini izidumbu endaweni. Izingulube zisengozini ikakhulukazi ebusuku.
Ama-warthogs awashayisani phakathi kwemingcele yendawo; kunalokho, ngisho nabesilisa banobungane kakhulu komunye nomunye. Lapho izingulube ezimbili zihlangana futhi zithintana, zigcoba izifonyo zazo komunye nomunye - kunemfihlo ekhethekile ezithweni ze-infraorbital ezivumela abantu ukuthi babonane.
Ama-mongoose amthende asebudlelwaneni "bokusebenzisana" nezingulube. I-mongoose ingahlala ngemuva kwengulube yasendle futhi ibuke lapho, njengasesithunzini, ukuthi ngabe ikhona yini ingozi endaweni. Uma ebona umhlaseli, usayinisa izingulube ukuze zilungiselele ukweqa noma ukuzivikela. Futhi, ama-mongoose ahlanza ama-parasites ngemuva kwezingulube zasendle; lokhu kubambisana kungenxa yokuthi ama-mongooses azizwa evikeleke kakhulu eduze kwezingulube.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukubambisana okunjalo kudlalwe phezulu ku-cartoon ethi "The Lion King", lapho omunye wabalingiswa abaphambili kuyi-meerkat ne-warthog.
Ngokuvamile, izingulube azikhombisi ubudlova obungenangqondo futhi kaningi zikhetha ukubaleka nokuhlasela ezimweni ezehlukile. Baphinde bahlangane ngokuzithandela nabantu; izingulube ezihlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu zingathatha ukudla ezandleni zazo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ingulube yengane
Isimo sezulu sase-Afrika sivumela izilwane ukuthi zizalane ngokuqhubekayo, ngaphandle kwenkathi. Ngakho-ke, izingulube azinayo inkathi yokukhwelana. Uma abesilisa beza ngomoya ophansi emhlambini wezinsikazi futhi uma omunye wabo ekuthanda, ukukhwelana kwenzeka. Izimpawu zesifazane zokuthi ukulungele ukukhwelana ngosizo lwezindlala ezikhethekile ezenziwa zisebenze lapho uchama. Kwesinye isikhathi insikazi ingakhetha phakathi kwamadoda amabili, okudala ukuthi balwe kancane.
Izimpi ezinjalo zenzeka ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa. Abesilisa bashayisana ngamabunzi amakhulu, njengezinqama, bakhipha ukubhonga kwesici kanye nePush. Owesilisa obuthakathaka futhi ongaqinile uyasuswa enkundleni yempi, ngemuva kwalokho owesifazane uhlala nomnqobi. Akusetshenziswa amazinyo e-canine.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinyanga eziyisithupha, ngemuva kwalokho owesifazane uzala eyodwa, akuvamile ukuba izingulube ezimbili noma ezintathu. Owesilisa ubamba iqhaza elincane ekukhuliseni inzalo, ikakhulukazi enza umsebenzi wokuvikela. Kodwa nomama uyakwazi ukuvikela izingane zakhe ngentshiseko efanayo.
Ama-pigs 'bristles athambile, abomvu futhi afana phansi. Zihambisana nomama wazo, zidla ubisi lwayo, futhi ngemuva kwamasonto amabili ziyakwazi ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo kuphela. Umama uvame ukushiya amawundlu emgodini, kuyilapho yena eyofuna ukudla abuye kusihlwa kuphela.
Lapho izingulube ezinonyaka zizelwe, sezikulungele ukuzimela. Abesifazane bahlala emhlambini, kuyilapho abesilisa bephambuka ngamaqembu bese behamba bayohlala bodwa. Ama-warthogs ahlali iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15, noma ekuthunjweni angaphila kuze kube ngu-20.
Izitha zemvelo zensumpa
Isithombe: Ingulube yase-Afrika
Zonke izidlakela zase-Afrika zidla izingulube. Ngokuvamile lezi yizi:
- amaqembu amabhubesikazi noma amabhubesi amancane. Bakhetha ukukhetha abantu abasha noma ababuthakathaka, qaphela amaqembu ezinsumpa ezinempilo;
- izingulule futhi zithanda izingulube ezincane;
- izingwe yizitha ezimbi kakhulu zezingulube, njengoba zikhuphuka ngobuhlakani ezihlahleni futhi zizifihla otshanini;
- izimpisi zingahlasela ngisho neqembu lezinsumpa;
- izingwenya zibaqamekela emgodini wokunisela;
- izinkozi, amanqe athwale amawundlu asanda kuzalwa;
- Izimvubu nobhejane nakho kuyingozi, okungahlasela izingulube uma kukhona amawundlu eduze kwalezi zilwane ezidla utshani.
Uma ingulube ibona ingozi, kodwa kukhona amawundlu aseduze okufanele ukukuvikela, ingagijimela ukuhlasela ubhejane noma indlovu. Ngisho nezingulube ezincane zingasabela ngodlame ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye: kube nezimo lapho iphuphu lengulube lihlasela amabhubesi amancane ngokuziphendulela, okwenza lezi zilwane zethuke kakhulu, bese zihlehla.
Ukuzwa kwezingulube nomuzwa wokuhogela kuyakhula, kepha ukubona kubuthakathaka. Ngakho-ke, bakhetha ukuhola indlela yokuphila yasemini, lapho bengakwazi ukuzwa isitha kuphela, kodwa futhi nokumbona. Ngenkathi yokondla, i-warthog ingashayisa nemamba emnyama, ngenxa yokuthi izofa ngenxa yokulunywa. Ingozi enkulu yezingulube umuntu ozizingela ukuze athole inyama kanye nezintshisekelo zezemidlalo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Baby Warthog
Izinsumpa akuzona izinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, inani lazo likhulu ngokwanele. Bazwana ngokunethezeka eduze kwabantu, bemba imigodi eduze nezindawo zokuhlala, yingakho bavame ukucekela phansi izitshalo zezolimo kanye namasimu aphelele. Izingulube zibhekwa njengezilokazane.
Badla amakinati nelayisi, baphatha izimpukane eziyingozi futhi bancintisane nezinkomo, amadlelo abhubhisayo. Kwesinye isikhathi izingulube zisulela izingulube ezifuywayo ngezifo ezahlukahlukene, ngenxa yokuthi imfuyo efuywayo iyabhubha.
Inyama yengulube yehlukile enyameni yengulube yasekhaya ngokuqina kwayo, ngakho-ke ayaziswa emakethe. Bazingelwa ikakhulukazi izintshisekelo zemidlalo; futhi izingulube ziyadutshulwa uma zihlala eduze nendawo yokuhlala abantu.
I-subspecies yezingulube - I-Eritrea warthog yaziwa njengengozi, yize izinombolo zayo zisesemingceleni ejwayelekile. Inani lezingulube lisekelwa futhi ama-zoo, lapho izingulube zihlala khona isikhathi eside futhi zizala kahle. Amandla okukhula minyaka yonke wezingulube angamaphesenti angama-39.
Ingulube ithatha indawo eqinile esimisweni semvelo sase-Afrika. Ubudlelwano bazo nama-mongooses nezinyoni eziningi kugcina inani lezinambuzane eziyingozi nezitshalo ngaphakathi kwemingcele ejwayelekile. Izingulube zisebenza njengokudla kwezilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye, ezinye zazo ezisongelwa ngokuqothulwa.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 18.07.2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/25/2019 ngo-21: 19
