Isihloko esinomsila omude (lat. Agegalosos caudatus) unamanye amagama amaningi - ogolovnik, pheasant, peacock, shank, grape, chimichka. Ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka, le nyoni yayithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezinyoni futhi yayibhekwa njengenhle kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinyoni ezincane. Mncane ngobukhulu kunondlunkulu, futhi ukuhlala egatsheni lesihlahla, ikhanda lakhe lidonswe, lifana kakhulu nebhola elimhlophe elinomlomo omfishane nomsila omude kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sici, sinokufana okuthile ne-scoop, okungahle kuchaze igama laso elidumile - i-ostolovnik.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: tit-tailed long
I-Opolovniki yizinyoni ezincane ezincanyana, ezifana nezinsikazi, ezomndeni "ama-Long-tailed tits", i-oda elithi "Sparrow-like". Azidluli ku-8-15 cm ngosayizi, zinamaphiko angu-15-20 cm nesisindo esingu-6-11 g Umndeni uhlanganisa isizukulwane esingu-3 nezinhlobo eziyi-8. Ngaphakathi kwebanga, kukhona ama-subspecies angaba ngu-20, ahluke kancane komunye nomunye ngombala.
Ividiyo: Isihloko esinomsila omude
Izinhlobo ezinhlanu zamabhu zihlala ezintabeni zaseChina naseHimalaya, eyokuqala ikhetha ama-oki namahlathi e-birch, kanye namahlathi emjunipha, lawa akhetha amahlathi kaphayini. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu yi-Aegithalos caudatus, engatholakala endaweni enkulu kakhulu - kusuka eBritish Isles kuya eSiberia. Enye inhlobo ethokozisayo yi-North American shrub tit (Psaltriparus minimus), ehlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini e-oki (emahlathini e-oki). Lezi zinhlobo ziyathakazelisa ngoba lezi zinyoni zakha izidleke ezilenga.
Njengoba sekushiwo, i-tit-tailed ende iyinyoni encane kakhulu enomzimba oyindilinga, ofana nebhola nomsila omude kakhulu, ongafinyelela ku-10 cm ubude. Okumhlophe kugqame embala we-baldhead, enamabala amnyama anombala onsundu onsundu. Kulokhu, ikhanda, intamo nomzimba ongezansi kumhlophe; iningi langemuva, izimpaphe zokundiza nezomsila zimnyama; ingxenye yasemuva inombala onsundu noma obomvana; iningi lomsila nezimpaphe zasemaceleni kubomvana. Uqhwaku lwenyoni lufushane kakhulu futhi lujiyile - luyi-5-6 mm kuphela
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: tit enomsila omude
I-dimorphism yezocansi kuma-tits amade-awaziwa kakhulu - abesifazane nabesilisa babukeka becishe bafane, ngaphandle kokuthi abesilisa bangaba bancane ngosayizi. Izimpaphe ze-opolovniki nazo azifani ngemibala egqamile, kodwa iyabhibha futhi ivulekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, inyoni evela kude ingaphanjaniswa nebhola elibushelelezi elinomsila omude noma ilade efanayo.
Izitopisi zabantu abadala zinamaphiko amnyama namhlophe ngaphandle, futhi anombala obomvana ngaphakathi, kanti ikhanda, isifuba, isisu simhlophe. Amachwane amancane ama-capes abukeka engabonakali - umsila omfushane nokungabikho okuphelele kwemibala e-pink ekhanyayo. Amachwane afana nezinyoni ezindala esikhathini esingangenyanga emva kokuzalwa.
Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, amabele amadala aqala i-molt ende, lapho zonke izimpaphe zawo ziguquka ngokuphelele. Le nqubo iyaqhubeka kuze kube ngu-Agasti. Ezilwaneni ezisencane, i-molt iqala kamuva - maphakathi nehlobo. Ngemuva kokuncibilika, amabhu amancane athola ukubukeka ngqo kwezihlobo zawo ezindala.
Amabele anomsila omude achitha isikhathi esiningi phakathi nonyaka emihlambini eqhubeka indiza isuka kwenye indawo iye kwenye. Lezi zindiza zihambisana nokukhala okungapheli nokutshiyoza. Ukundiza kwezinyoni akulingani futhi kuyabhakuza, ukuxokozela kwabo nokuhamba kwabo ngokushesha kukhombisa ukuthi bangabomndeni we-tit.
Ihlala kuphi i-tit enomsila omude?
Isithombe: Isihloko esinomsila omude eRussia
I-tit enomsila omude ivame ukuhlala emasimini asehlathini, emahlathini ahlabayo noma ahlanganisiwe, amapaki, amabhande asehlathini, izingadi nezihlahlana eziminyene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhetha indawo eseduze nemizimba yamanzi.
Le nyoni itholakala ezindaweni eziningi zase-Eurasia:
- I-Asia Minor;
- China;
- Korea;
- EJapan;
- I-Russia Siberia).
Izindawo zokuhlala ezithandwa kakhulu nezindawo zokwakha izidleke ezinomsila omude ziminyene, amahlathi amnyama angenakudlulela ngokuphelele we-birch noma i-willow endaweni eseduze kwechibi, umfudlana, ichibi noma umfula.
Izidleke zezinambuzane zivame ukuvuthwa ngomnyango osengxenyeni yabo engenhla. Izinto ezisemqoka zezidleke yi-moss, izinto ezisizayo ubulembu, imifece yezinambuzane engafakwanga futhi nezinye izinto zemvelaphi yokufakelwa (ipulasitiki, i-polyethylene, iphepha). Ngenxa yalesi setha sezinto zokwakha, izidleke ziphenduka zifudumele kakhulu futhi zihlala isikhathi eside, azesabi nhlobo umoya onamandla, noma imvula enkulu, noma isiphepho.
Ngemuva kokuba ukwakhiwa sekuqediwe, izinyoni, ukuze zizifihle ngamehlo abukhali, zimboza izidleke zazo ngezingcezu ezincane zamagxolo ezihlahla, ubulembu, ziphinde zenze umbhede othambile phansi nezimpaphe ngaphakathi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngaphakathi kwesidleke esisodwa, kungaba nezinhlayiya ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezimbili nezimpaphe ezincane njengokulala.
Idla ngani i-titmouse enomsila omude?
Isithombe: I-long-tailed tit, noma i-headworm
I-mongrel, njengezinyoni eziningi ezincane, incamela ukudla ukudla okuvela ezilwaneni, yize ngokuntuleka kokudla ayikudeleli ukudla kwemifino, ngoba ukusinda kuncike kukho.
Ukudla okudala kwamabele anomsila omude kubukeka kanjena:
- amacimbi;
- amaqabunga amabhungane;
- izintwala;
- izimbungulu ezincane nezibungu zazo;
- izibungu;
- izintuthwane namaqanda azo;
- imbewu nezithelo zezitshalo.
Izinyoni zifuna izinambuzane, zikhasa ngobuciko kakhulu emagatsheni ezihlahla nezihlahla, njengezinsimbi ezijwayelekile, futhi ngasikhathi sinye zithatha ukuma okungalindelekile, okucishe kube ngukuqina. Ngenkathi yokuphuma (entwasahlobo, ekwindla), kanye nasebusika, amabhu adla imbewu yesitshalo ngenjabulo.
Izinyoni zidinga kakhulu ukudla ngesikhathi sokudla amaphuphu. Abaqaphi bezinyoni balinganisela ukuthi ngokwesilinganiso, amabele anomsila omude ondla amaphuphu awo cishe izikhathi ezingama-350 ngosuku. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni zidla nje inani elingelona iqiniso lezinambuzane, kufaka phakathi izinambuzane eziningi zensimu nezingadi.
Ngakho-ke, kuvela ukuthi ngobukhona bazo, i-opolovniki iletha inzuzo enkulu kwezolimo, kanye nezakhamizi zasehlobo kanye nabalimi, kubhubhisa izimpukane zezithelo ezahlukahlukene, amacimbi, amabhu wezithelo kanye nama-weevils, okuyizinto ezisongela izitshalo zikashukela.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: tit-tailed long
Izinyanga zasebusika, lapho kubanda futhi zilambile, zithathwa njengezinzima kakhulu kumakegi. Ngempela, ngesikhathi seqhwa elibi, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabantu ingafa futhi nangaphezulu. Uma emini ama-tits endiza ngemihlambi emikhulu, ebhasikidi ngale ndlela futhi efuna ukudla lapho kungenzeka khona, ebusuku balala emagatsheni, bacindezelwe ngokuqinile.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Kutholakale ukuthi osisi abanomsila omude bavame ukujoyina imihlambi yamabele avamile ebusika futhi ngaleyo ndlela basinde.
Abaqaphi bezinyoni baye babona kaninginingi futhi bachaza izikhathi lapho amaphuphu amasha eshiya isidleke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhathazeka okuncane kungasebenza njengesizathu salokhu. Uma elinye lamatshwele lizama ukundiza liphume esidlekeni, khona-ke amanye alandela masinyane. Izingane zindiza kabi kakhulu, zingaconsi phansi, futhi abazali bandiza bezungeza ngalesi sikhathi, bezama ukuzivikela engozini futhi bazihlanganise. Cishe isigamu sehora, ukuxokozela nokwethuka kuyaqhubeka, bese konke kuba ngcono futhi namachwane aqala impilo yawo entsha.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-mongrels angabaphathi berekhodi phakathi kwezinyoni ngenani lamaqanda ku-clutch eyodwa.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-tit enomsila omude ibizwa nangokuthi i-tit-tailed long. Ake sithole ukuthi izinyoni ezincane ziphila kanjani endle.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ama-tits omsila omude
U-Opolovniki uncamela ukuhlela izidleke zazo ezihlahleni noma ezihlahleni ezimfoloko zamagatsha aminyene ekuphakameni okungenani kwamamitha amathathu ukusuka emhlabathini, kwesinye isikhathi kuphakame kancane. Isidleke siyisakhiwo esivaliwe esifana neqanda esinezindonga eziwugqinsi futhi eziqinile. Usayizi wesidleke ucishe ube ngu-10 kuya ku-20 cm.
Izindonga zezidleke zazo zenziwe ngobulembu, ubulembu, amagxolo e-birch, ubulembu, futhi zimbozwe ngokucophelela ngendlela yokuthi azihlukaniseki ngokuphelele nemvelo. Ukungena esidlekeni, kuya ngendawo okuyo, kwenziwa ngenhla noma ohlangothini. Ingaphakathi lesidleke senyoni ligcwele uthambile nezimpaphe.
Ekubambaneni kwamabhokisi omngcwabo, kuvame ukuba khona amaqanda amhlophe angaba ngu-6-18 anezinhlamvu ezincane ezibomvu noma ezinsundu. Owesifazane kuphela ohlala emaqandeni, kanti owesilisa uyamondla ngalesi sikhathi, uyamvikela futhi amnakekele ngayo yonke indlela. Isikhathi sokufukamela amaqanda yizinsuku eziyi-14-18. Amachwane azalwa enqunu, enomlomo ophuzi futhi engakwazi ukuzivikela ngokuphelele. Bobabili abazali bazibophezele ekondleni amaphuphu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi basizwa amatshwele ezinyane lonyaka odlule ngesizathu esithile abangakatholi umlingani - “abasizi”.
Lapho inezinsuku eziyi-18, amaphuphu amaningi ayashiya esidlekeni, kepha abazali bayaqhubeka nokuwondla isikhashana. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi imindeni ye-opolovniki: abazali, "abasizi", izilwane ezincane zingahle zihlukane kuze kufike intwasahlobo.
Izitha zemvelo ze-tit-tailed long
Isithombe: Inhloko yezinyoni
Amabele anomsila omude, njengezihlobo zawo ezinkulu, ayizinyoni eziwusizo kakhulu emahlathini nakwezolimo, ngoba ukudla kwazo okuyinhloko izinambuzane ezincane kanye nezibungu zazo, iningi lazo okuyizinambuzane ezinonya ezidala umonakalo omkhulu ekuvunweni kwensimu, ingadi kanye izitshalo zasehlathini.
Esinye sezici zemvelo eziyinhloko ezithinta kabi inani lamatiti yindlala yasebusika kanye nesithwathwa esibi. Kungenxa yamakhaza nokuntuleka kokudla ezinyangeni zasebusika lapho kufa nje inani elikhulu lalezi zinyoni minyaka yonke - cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zabantu, futhi eminyakeni ethile ngisho nangaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ungaphatheki kabi ngalokhu - izinto azizimbi kangako.Ngaphezu kwakho konke, njalo ehlobo, ngokuqala kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, umonakalo odalekile kubantu besithupha ebusika uncishiswa ube yize, ngoba amabhu avundile ngendlela emangalisayo futhi izinyoni ngazinye zingachamusela amaphuphu afinyelela kwayi-18.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Izinsila ezinomsila omude ziyashiseka kakhulu ekuzameni ukufihla izidleke zazo, futhi kulokhu azisebenzisi izinto zemvelo kuphela: amagxolo, ubulembu, ubulembu, kodwa futhi nezinto zokufakelwa, njengezicucu ze-polyethylene kanye nepulasitiki.
Futhi, ezimweni zemvelo, ama-martens, ama-weasel, amakati asendle, abanye abamele ama-feline, izidalwa ezindizayo (izikhova, oklebe, oklebe) ngokuzingela ngempumelelo ama-mongrels, nasezindaweni eziseduze nendawo yokuhlala kwabantu - amakati asekhaya, izinja eziphambukayo. Kodwa-ke, lesi sici asikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi sithathe isinqumo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: tit enomsila omude
Abantu bezinsila ezinomsila omude bavame ukuhlukaniswa ngama-ornithologists ngamaqembu amabili: ukufuduka nokuhlala phansi. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezihleliyo zama-mongrels zihlala emzileni ophakathi naseningizimu, futhi ezifudukayo - ezifundeni ezisenyakatho kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuqala ubusika, amabele anemisila emide afudukayo enza izindiza minyaka yonke aye eningizimu afune izindawo lapho kufudumele khona nokudla okwengeziwe.
I-tit enomsila omude ijwayelekile kakhulu kuyo yonke indawo yehlathi yezwekazi lase-Eurasian kusukela e-Pacific Ocean kuya e-Atlantic. Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, izinyoni zingatholakala cishe yonke indawo lapho kunezimila ezinamahlathi, ngaphandle kwesifunda esisodwa esikude - iCaucasus.
Amabele anomsila omude awahlali isikhathi eside kakhulu ezimweni zemvelo - kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu, kepha-ke, uma zigcinwa ekuthunjweni, lezi zinyoni zingaphila isikhathi esiphindwe kaningana - kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude besikhathi sokuphila kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezingavamile buncike ngokuphelele ezintweni eziningi ezinhle: imithetho yokudla, umbuso wesondlo, ukunakekelwa.
Namuhla, ngaphandle kwesizini esishiwo (ukufa kwabantu abaningi ngesikhathi sezulu esibandayo sasebusika), inani le-mugwort likhulu impela, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo aludingi nhlobo izindlela zokuvikela noma zokuvikela.
Zonke izinhlobo zamabele, kufaka phakathi ezinomsila omude, zingezokuhleleka kwemvelo. Izinyoni ezindala, ukuze zizondle zona kanye nenzalo yazo ngomsebenzi omkhulu, zimane zibhubhise inqwaba yezinambuzane eziyingozi, ngaleyo ndlela zilethe inzuzo enkulu ezindaweni eziluhlaza. Isibonelo, eyodwa kuphela tit-umsila omude inkathi ngayinye ingasusa okungenani izihlahla ezingama-20-30 ezinambuzane.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/16/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 25.09.2019 ngo-20: 41
