Isikhova scops isikhova noma njengoba ibizwa ngabantu ngothando ukusa. Lesi sikhova sathola igama laso ngomsindo ohlukile esenza ukuthi "Ngikhafule amathe", noma "typhit". ISopsops isikhova esincane kakhulu esidla izinambuzane. Ihlobo lichitha emahlathini endaweni yezwe lethu, ekwindla inyoni indizela eningizimu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Splyushka
U-Otus ukhipha i-Linnaeus Scops owl noma ukusa okuvamile. Le nyoni ingeyezikhova ezi-oda, umndeni wesikhova. Izikhova yizinyoni zasendulo kakhulu. Izinsalela zezikhova bezilokhu zaziwa kusukela ku-Eocene. Izikhova ezakhiwa njengezilwane ezizimele eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-70 edlule.
Abamele lesi sigaba esilandelayo batholwa ezinsaleleni zezikhova ezingasekho: Ama-Nectobias, ama-Strigogyps, u-Eostrix. UEmimika ungowohlobo lwe-Eostrix, lolu hlobo lwaziwa njengezilwane ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. Izikhova esijwayele ukuzibona sezihlale emhlabeni iminyaka engaphezu kwesigidi. Ososayensi manje sebazi ukuthi isikhova sesibaya sasihlala eMiddle Miocene, kanti izikhova zaziwa umhlaba wonke kusukela ngeMiocene engasekho.
Ividiyo: Splyushka
Izikhova zasendulo kungenzeka ukuthi bezisebenza emini njengezinye izinyoni zasendulo, kodwa selokhu zaba yizilwane ezidala ezinye, izikhova sezenze indlela ekhethekile yokuzingela, eyenziwa yizo kuphela. Lolu hlobo ukuzingela kungenzeka kuphela ebusuku.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi inyoni ihlale ingabonakali esidlekeni sayo. Lapho inyoni ibona inyamazane yayo, iyayigada bese ihlasela kakhulu. Okwamanje, izikhova ziyiqembu elihlukaniswe kahle kuzo zonke izici. Ngamagama ahlelekile, ahlobene nezinhlobo ezinjengeCaprimulgiformes nePsittaciformes. Izikhafu zika-Otus zachazwa okokuqala ngusosayensi waseSweden uKarl Linnaeus ngo-1758.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Scops owl
UDawn uyinyoni encane. Isikhova sikhulu kancane kunenkanyezi. Ubude bomzimba wesilisa osekhulile bungu-20-22 cm, i-wingspan ingama-50-55 cm.Isisindo senyoni singama-50-140 gram kuphela. Umbala wezimpaphe wezikhova ikakhulu umpunga. Izimpaphe zinephethini enamachashazi, enemivimbo emincane emnyama. Amabala amhlophe ayabonakala endaweni ehlombe yalesi sikhova. Ingaphansi yenyoni inombala omnyama, ompunga; imicu emincane enqamulezayo nemicu iyabonakala nasezimpapheni. Inhloko yenyoni incane ngosayizi, inesimo esiyindilinga.
Iqiniso elimnandi: Izikhova zinamabhangqa amathathu amajwabu amehlo. Ezinye zazo zicwayiza, ezinye zivikela amehlo azo lapho zibalekela uthuli, ezinye zisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokulala.
Ubuso bale nyoni bumpunga futhi. Ezinhlangothini, umugqa wezimpaphe zombala omnyama ugqamile. Ubuso obungezansi buhlangana nomphimbo. Ezinyonini eziningi, imibuthano enombala okhanyayo ibonakala ngamehlo, futhi phakathi kwamehlo iroli enombala ofanayo nobuso bonke.
Umbala we-irises wamehlo uphuzi. Umlomo ocijile omnyama utholakala ekhanda. Iminwe ka-Owl ibhenjiwe Izikhova zinenye indlela yokuhamba kwegazi ngemikhumbi, nomcamelo okhethekile ovela emoyeni, ovimbela ukuthi umkhumbi uqhekeke ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwekhanda, futhi kusiza ukugwema isifo sohlangothi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ngokwe-anatomically, isikhova singaphendula ikhanda laso ngama-degree angama-270, noma kunjalo, le nyoni ayikwazi ukuhambisa amehlo ayo.
Lapho amaphuphu echanyuselwa ekukhanyeni, anezimpaphe ezimhlophe, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iba mpunga. Abesifazane nabesilisa ngokuvamile abanakho umehluko omkhulu wombala. “Izindlebe” ezigelezayo nazo ziyabonakala ekhanda lale nyoni. Ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuntwela kokusa kungahlukaniswa nesikhova ngendiza esheshayo. Lapho izinyoni zizingela ebusuku, zishaya kamnandi kuhle kwenundu.
Izwi lenyoni. Izikhova zesilisa zinempempe ende futhi edabukisayo. Le mpempe isikhumbuza igama elithi "ukulala" noma "fuyu". Abesifazane benza imisindo efana ne-meow yekati. Izikhova zasendle zalolu hlobo ziphila iminyaka engaba ngu-7, kodwa-ke, uma inyoni igcinwe ekuthunjweni, ingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi.
Ngabe i-scops owl ihlala kuphi?
Isithombe: Splyushka eRussia
Ukuntwela kokusa kungatholakala noma kuphi eYurophu. Lezi zikhova zivamile e-Asia Minor naseSiberia, e-Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, eRussia Ephakathi. Iningi lezinyoni zokuntwela kokusa zihlala ezifundeni ezingamahlathi nezisemathafeni. Bahlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini ahlabayo. Babheka izimbotshana zempilo nezidleke, noma bazihlele ngokwabo. Amalahle atholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha owodwa kuya kwayi-17 ngaphezu komhlaba. Ububanzi obumaphakathi bemigodi busuka ku-6 kuye ku-17 cm.
Ezindaweni ezinezintaba, izinyoni zithanda ukwakha izidleke ezihlahleni zamadwala. Izikhova zivame ukukhetha imichilo ejulile enebubanzi obuncane bokungena; isikhova sibheka indawo yokukhosela enjalo njengephephe kunazo zonke. Kuyaqabukela ukuhlala ezindlini zezinyoni, lokhu kwenziwa izinyoni ezijwayele abantu, nokuhlala njalo ezimweni zasemadolobheni. Ungahlala ezingadini zemifino, ezingadini nasemapaki. E-Urals, uhlala emahlathini ahlanzekile, amahlathi e-oki, e-lipniki.
ESiberia, izikhova zidla amahlathi e-poplar nasezindaweni ezinamadwala amakhulu. Kukhethwa amahlathi athule ngokuthula ukuze abekele amaqanda futhi akhe isidleke. Ukusa yizinyoni ezifudukayo. Izinyoni zifika maphakathi neRussia naseSiberia zivela ebusika phakathi noMeyi, ngoSepthemba izinyoni ezifanayo zindiza ziye eningizimu.
Izinyoni ze-Dawn azivamile, ziningi kakhulu emahlathini ezweni lethu lonke, kepha, ziyizinyoni eziqaphe kakhulu futhi eziyimfihlo. Baphila impilo yasebusuku, ngakho-ke abantu bangamane bangazinaki, kodwa impempe yabo ethile kunzima ukuyigeja.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-scops owl ihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Yini edliwa yisikhova i-scops?
Isithombe: Isikhova esincane
Njengazo zonke izikhova, i-scops owl iyisilwane esidla ezinye. Yiqiniso, uzingela kakhulu amabhu nezinambuzane.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwenyoni yokusa kuhlanganisa:
- izimvemvane;
- IZhukov;
- amaxoxo namaselesele;
- izibankwa;
- izinyoka nezinyoka;
- Amagundane amancane, izingwejeje nezinye izilwane ezincane.
Scops owl ukuzingela ebusuku. Ebusuku, lesi silwane sizingela inyamazane lapho sihleli buthule siqamekele. Izikhova zinokuzwa okwehlukile futhi zingathola isisulu sazo ngemizuzwana. Ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa, isikhova sijikisa ikhanda ezinhlangothini ezahlukene, sibheke isisulu saso. Kamuva, kukhetha isikhathi lapho isisulu siphazanyiswa okuthile, izikhukhukazi zihlasela ngokushesha. Kwesinye isikhathi isikhova selula amaphiko aso siphokophele ibhungane noma uvemvane, sijahe ukundiza sishaye buthule.
Lapho isibambe isisulu saso, isikhova sisibamba esidladleni saso njengokungathi sihlola futhi sithinta uqhwaku lwaso, kaningi, sikwenza lokhu lapho isilwane esimpofu sisanyakaza. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, isikhova sidla isisulu saso. Ekudleni, izikhova azithobeki, zizingela ezingakubamba okwamanje.
Izikhova zikwazi ukuqeda amagundane, uma izikhova zihlala eduze kwamasimu atshaliwe, lokhu kuzuzisa kuphela, ngoba ngenyanga eyodwa nje le nyoni ingaqothula amagundane angafika ku-150. Kodwa-ke, izikhova zilimaza nezilwane ezincane ezithwala uboya ezinjengezinkomishi nonogwaja abancane, ngakho-ke, ezindaweni lapho ziqala khona ukuzalanisa lezi zilwane, azithandwa kakhulu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Isigaqa sikhipha isikhova
I-Scops owl iyinyoni yasebusuku enesizungu. Emini, isikhova sivame ukulala, sihlale egatsheni lesihlahla. Le nyoni ifihlwe ngokuphelele, futhi emini cishe ayinyakazi, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuyibona esihlahleni. Kungabonakala njengokuncane. Ngesikhathi sasemini, izikhova zivumela abantu ukuba basondele kakhulu ngenkathi bezama ukuhlala bengaziwa. Isakhiwo senhlalo sezinyoni zalesi silwane asithuthukisiwe ikakhulukazi. Izikhova zivame ukuhlala zodwa. Kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala nokuzala lapho owesilisa ehlala nowesifazane, futhi amvikele kanye ne-clutch.
Izikhova zinolaka, kodwa zizwana nabantu. Izikhova zingahlala ekhaya futhi ziyakwazi ukunamathela kumnikazi wazo. Ekuthunjweni, lezi zinyoni zizizwa zikhululekile kakhulu kunasendle. Izikhova zasekhaya ziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu kunezihlobo zazo zasendle. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izikhova eziningi emvelweni zivame ukubulawa yindlala.
Imvelo yabazali kulezi zinyoni ikhule kahle. Isikhova isikhathi eside sifukamela amaphuphu ngaphandle kokuvuka ku-clutch. Eyeduna ngalesi sikhathi isondelene nomndeni wayo, futhi iyayivikela. Akavumeli ezinye izinyoni nezilwane ezahlukahlukene ukuba zisondele eqhukwini. Izikhova zizalela amaqanda entwasahlobo, futhi kungcono ukungaziphazamisi ngalesi sikhathi. Indoda, evikela umndeni wayo, ingahlasela hhayi ezinye izinyoni nezilwane kuphela, kepha nabantu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Splyushka
Izikhova ze-Scops zifika endaweni yazo zivela ebusika ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli-Meyi. Isikhathi sokuzalela nokuzala siba ngoMeyi-Julayi. Ama-Scops owls ahlela izidleke zawo emigodini yezihlahla, noma emifantwini yamadwala. Amahlathi avuthulukayo avame ukukhethwa ukuze akhe izidleke.
Lezi zinyoni zakha iduna nensikazi, futhi zihlala zithembekile komunye nomunye. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi izalela amaqanda ayi-1 kuye kwayi-6 ngezikhathi zezinsuku ezimbalwa. Iqanda ngalinye linesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-15 amagremu. Izinsuku ezingama-25 ezinde, insikazi ifukamela amaqanda cishe ingaphumi e-clutch, noma ngabe iqhutshwa, insikazi izobuyela endaweni yayo. Eyesilisa ngalesi sikhathi iseduze futhi ivikela umndeni wayo ekuhlaselweni yizilwane ezizingelayo.
Izikhova ezincane zizalwa zimhlophe phansi, kepha aziboni. Amehlo abo azovuleka kuphela ekupheleni kwesonto lokuqala lokuphila. Abazali bondla abantwana babo inyanga. Okokuqala, owesilisa kuphela ophuma aye kozingela, bese kuthi owesifazane ajoyine naye.
Ngokwesilinganiso, owesilisa ulethela amaphuphu akhe ukudla njalo ngemizuzu eyishumi. Uma kunokudla okwanele kwawo wonke amatshwele, onke azophila. Kodwa-ke, kuneminyaka lapho amaphuphu engenakho ukudla okwanele bese efa amaphuphu abuthakathaka kakhulu. Esontweni lesihlanu lokuphila, amaphuphu ashiya isidleke bese aqala ukuphila nokuzingela ngokwawo. Ukukhula ngokobulili kwabesifazane nabesilisa kwenzeka ngezinyanga eziyi-10 ubudala.
Izitha zemvelo zezikhova ze-scops
Isithombe: Scops owl
Yize isikhova siyinyoni edla inyama, ngesimo esivuthayo, sinezitha eziningi.
Izitha eziyinhloko zezikhova ze-scops yilezi:
- OKlebe bayazesaba izikhova ebusuku, nokho, emini bangakwazi ukuhlasela bakhubaze isikhova;
- Okhoza, amagwababa echobana;
- Izimpungushe;
- Ama-Raccoons;
- Ama-Ferrets nama-martens.
Esinye isizathu sokuphila kwasebusuku ukuthi emini, kusebenze izinyoni, eziyizitha zesikhova. Emini, isikhova singahlaselwa ngoKlebe nokhokho. Lezi zinyoni zindiza ngokushesha okukhulu kunezikhova. OKlebe bangasithola kalula isikhova basidle, yize iningi labo limane licwenga izikhova. Futhi, amagwababa echobana, oheshe kanye nezinye izinyoni ezidla ezinye zinolaka maqondana nezikhova.
Okwezikhova ezingenalwazi nezintekenteke, amatshwele awele esidlekeni, usongo olukhulu yizilwane ezincelisayo zamammalia. Izimpungushe, ama-raccoon nama-martens, ama-ferrets. Amakati angakhuphukela esidlekeni esiseduze nendawo yokuhlala abantu futhi awabhubhise. Oklebe, oklebe nokhozi bangantshontsha iphuphu esidlekeni, ngakho izikhova zizama ukwenza izidleke emigodini nasemifantwini engafinyeleleki kulezi zinyoni.
Ngaphezu kwezitha zezikhova eziqashelwe embusweni wezilwane, isitha esikhulu sezikhova kusengumuntu. Ngabantu abagawula amahlathi okuhlala kuwo lezi zinyoni ezinhle. Bangcolisa imvelo ngokukhishwa kwezinto eziyingozi. Izikhova ziyi-oda elihle kakhulu lehlathi, zidla amagundane nezinambuzane eziyingozi, ngakho-ke kungokwesifiso sabantu ukugcina isikhova. Ake siqaphele kakhulu imvelo futhi sigcine lezi zidalwa ezinhle.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Isikhova se-Scops ngokwemvelo
Okwamanje, inani lalezi zinhlobo likhulu. Izikhova ze-Scops eningizimu yezwe lethu zivame kakhulu futhi ziningi kakhulu. Maphakathi neRussia nasenyakatho, lezi zinyoni azivamile, kepha lokhu kungenxa yokufihla kwazo okuphezulu. Eqinisweni, izikhova ze-scops zihlala ezindaweni eziningi zezwe lethu. Ngenxa yokuthi amahlathi amaningi asegawulwa manje, izikhova seziqale ukuhlala eduze kwabantu kaningi. Izintaba zifunde ukuhlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu, okwenza kube lula ukuthi zifune ukudla, izinyoni zingazingela emasimini ahlwanyelwe abantu ngaleyo ndlela zizitholele umthombo wokudla.
Ekuhlukanisweni kwezilwane emhlabeni wonke, izinhlobo ze-Otus scops zingezinhlobo ezibanga ukukhathazeka okuncane, futhi lolu hlobo alusongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Ukugcina izixuku zezikhova, kungahlelwa izindawo zokwakha izidleke, ezindaweni lapho izikhova zingakwazi ukuzisonga zodwa ukuzihlomisa ngezindawo zokuhlala eziphephile. Ezindaweni zezitobha ezincane, lapho kunzima khona ukuthi izinyoni zithole izihlahla ezindala ezinemigodi, lapho zingahlala khona. Futhi-ke, ukuhlelwa kweziqiqi, iziqiwi kanye nezindawo zokuvikela amanzi. Ukuhlelwa kwamapaki nezindawo eziluhlaza emadolobheni, zonke lezi zinyathelo zizosiza ekulondolozeni nasekwandiseni inani labantu hhayi lalezi zinhlobo kuphela, kodwa nezinhlobo zezinye izinyoni.
Izikhova i-Scops yizinyoni ezinhle kakhulu, yize ziyizilwane ezizingelayo. Abathobekile ekudleni nasezimeni zokuphila, ngakho-ke bavame ukuthandwa ukugcinwa njengesilwane esifuywayo. Lezi zinyoni zidinga ukuphumula kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini, nendawo encane yomuntu siqu. Ekhaya scops isikhova uhlala isikhathi eside, futhi empilweni yakhe yonke uzinikele kakhulu enkosini yakhe.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 09.07.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 09/24/2019 ngo-21: 06
