Ushaka we-Hammerhead ingenye yezinto zasolwandle ezingavamile kakhulu. Igqama ngokucijile ngokumelene nesizinda sabanye abahlali bolwandle olujulile ngokuma kwekhanda laso. Ngokubukeka, kubonakala sengathi le nhlanzi ibhekene nobunzima obukhulu lapho ihamba.
Lo shaka uthathwa njengenye yezinhlanzi ezidla kakhulu eziyingozi futhi ezinamandla. Emlandweni wobukhona, ososayensi bacaphuna amacala okuhlaselwa kwabantu futhi. Ngokwesilinganiso, ithatha indawo yesithathu ehloniphekile ekususeni izisulu ezingenaluzwela ezomela igazi, okwesibili ngemuva kukashaka omhlophe nengwe.
Ngaphezu kokubukeka kwayo okungavamile, izinhlanzi zihlukaniswa ngejubane elikhulu lokuhamba, ukuba khona kokuphendula okusheshayo kombani nosayizi omangalisayo. Abantu abakhulu ikakhulukazi bangafinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha ayisithupha ubude.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Hammerhead Shark
Oshaka abakwaHammerhead bangabesigaba senhlanzi esigaxa, i-oda elifana ne-karharin, umndeni we-hammerhead shark. Izinhlanzi zeHammerhead zona zihlukaniswe zaba ama-subspecies angama-9.
Kuze kube manje, alukho ulwazi oluthembekile mayelana nesikhathi esiqondile sokuzalwa kwalaba bameleli bezitshalo nezilwane. Ngokwemiphumela yezifundo, ososayensi bezilwane bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi okhokho bezilwane ezinjengezando zesimanje babekhona ekujuleni kolwandle eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-20-26 edlule. Kukholakala ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi zazivela kubamele umndeni we-sphyrnidae.
Ividiyo: IHammerhead Shark
Lezi zidalwa zinokubukeka okusongela kakhulu nokuma kwekhanda okuqondile. Icabalele, yelulwe ezinhlangothini futhi kubonakala sengathi ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Yilesi sici esinquma kakhulu indlela yokuphila kanye nokudla kwezilwane zasolwandle.
Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abavumelani ngokwakhiwa kwamafomu anjalo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kubukeka kungumphumela wezinguquko zezigidi eziningi, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kudlale indima.
Okwamanje, inani lezinsalela ezingasetshenziswa ukwenza kabusha indlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yezilwane ezinjengezando alinakwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isisekelo somzimba kashaka - amathambo, aqukethe izicubu zethambo, kodwa izicubu zenqwaba, ebola ngokushesha ngaphandle kokushiya imikhondo.
Ezigidini eziningi zeminyaka, ngenxa yokubukeka kwazo okungavamile, oshaka be-hammerhead bafunde ukusebenzisa ama-receptors akhethekile ukuzingela, hhayi izitho zombono. Zivumela izinhlanzi ukuthi zibone futhi zithole inyamazane yazo ngisho nasesihlabathini esijiyile.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ushaka oyingozi wesando
Ukuvela kwalaba bameleli bezitshalo zasolwandle nezilwane kuyinto exakile futhi kusongela kakhulu. Kunzima ukubadidanisa nezinye izinhlobo. Banenhloko emise ngokumangazayo, okuthi, ngenxa yokuphuma kwamathambo, ivuleke futhi inabeke emaceleni. Izitho zombono zitholakala ezinhlangothini zombili zalesi sikhala. Iris yamehlo aphuzi ngokusagolide. Kodwa-ke, akuyona iphuzu eliyinhloko eliyinkomba nomsizi ekufuneni inyamazane.
Isikhumba salokho okubizwa ngokuthi isando simbozwe ngokunamandla ngama-receptors akhethekile we-supersensitive akuvumela ukuthi uthathe amasiginali amancane esidalweni esiphilayo. Ngenxa yama-receptors anjalo, oshaka bakwazile ukuqonda kahle ikhono lokuzingela, ngakho-ke isisulu cishe asinalo ithuba lokusindiswa.
Amehlo ezinhlanzi avikelwe ulwelwesi olucwayizayo namajwabu amehlo. Amehlo abekwe aphambana ngqo, okuvumela oshaka ukuthi babone cishe yonke indawo ebazungezile. Lesi sikhundla samehlo sikuvumela ukumboza indawo ama-degree angama-360.
Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, bekukhona umbono wokuthi yilolu hlobo lwekhanda olusiza izinhlanzi ukuthi zikwazi ukulinganisela futhi zenze ijubane elikhulu lapho zihamba ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, namuhla lo mbono ususwe ngokuphelele, ngoba awunabo ubufakazi.
Ososayensi bafakazele ukuthi ibhalansi iyagcinwa ngenxa yesakhiwo esingavamile somgogodla. Isici sabazingeli abomele igazi yisakhiwo nesimo samazinyo. Zimile okonxantathu, ziqondiswe emakhoneni omlomo, futhi zinama-sergment abonakalayo.
Umzimba wenhlanzi ubushelelezi, uvulekile, umise okwokuphotha onemisipha ekhule kahle, eqinile. Ngenhla, umzimba kashaka uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama, ngezansi kubuswa umbala omhlophe qwa. Ngenxa yalo mbala, cishe ahlangana nolwandle.
Lolu hlobo lwezilwane zasolwandle lubizwa ngokufanele ngesiqu semidondoshiya. Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba singamamitha ayi-4-5. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izifunda kunabantu abafinyelela ubude bamamitha ayi-8-9.
Ihlala kuphi i-hammerhead shark?
Isithombe: Hammerhead shark fish
Lezi zinhlobo zezinhlanzi azinaso isifunda esilinganiselwe sokuhlala. Bathanda ukusuka esifundeni esinye baye kwesinye, bahambe amabanga amade. Zithanda kakhulu izifunda ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, esipholile futhi esishisayo.
Inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke yalezi zinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle ezibhekwa eduze naseziQhingini zaseHawaii. Yingakho cishe kuphela iHawaiian Research Institute ebandakanyeka ekutadisheni kwezici zokuphila nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. I-hammerfish ihlala emanzini olwandle i-Atlantic, Pacific kanye naseNdiya.
Izifunda zezilwane zasolwandle:
- ukusuka e-Uruguay kuya eNyakatho Carolina;
- ukusuka ePeru kuya eCalifornia;
- ISenegal;
- ugu lwaseMorocco;
- Australia;
- Polynesia yaseFrance;
- Iziqhingi zaseRyukyu;
- IGambia;
- IGuinea;
- IMauritania;
- ENtshonalanga Sahara;
- ISierra Lyone.
Oshaka beHammerhead batholakala olwandle iMedithera naseCaribbean, eGulf of Mexico. Izilwane ezidla igazi zithanda ukubuthana eduze kwamakhorali, amapulazi olwandle, amawa olwandle olunamadwala, njll. Bazizwa bekhulu cishe kunoma ikuphi ukujula, kokubili emanzini angajulile nasebunzimeni bolwandle ngokujula okungaphezu kwamamitha angama-70-80. Ukuhlangana njengemihlambi, bangasondela ogwini ngangokunokwenzeka, noma baphumele olwandle oluvulekile. Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi luvame ukufuduka - ngenkathi efudumele, bathuthela ezifundeni zezindawo eziphakeme.
Manje uyazi lapho kutholakala khona i-hammerhead shark. Ake sibone ukuthi le nhlanzi idlani.
Idla ngani i-hammerhead shark?
Isithombe: Ushaka omkhulu wesando
I-hammerhead shark iyisilwane esinomdlandla esinekhono elingalingani nhlobo. Isisulu asikhethile cishe asinalo ithuba lokusindiswa. Kukhona ngisho namacala okuhlaselwa komuntu. Kodwa-ke, umuntu usengozini uma yena uqobo evusa umhlaseli.
Amazinyo oshaka mancane, okwenza kube nzima ukuzingela impilo yasolwandle enkulu. Ukutholakala kokudla kwezinhlanzi ze-hammerhead kuhluke kakhulu. Ama-invertebrate amancane asolwandle akha iningi lokudla.
Okusebenza njengomthombo wokudla:
- izinkalankala;
- isikhuphashe;
- ingwane;
- octopus;
- oshaka abaphansi ngamandla nosayizi: omnyama oqoshiwe, ompunga, ama-mustelids ampunga;
- ama-stingray (ayisibiliboco esiyintandokazi);
- inhlanzi eyikati;
- izimpawu;
- amasilebhu;
- ama-perches;
- i-flounder;
- izinhlanzi zezinkukhu, izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog, njll.
Ngokwemvelo, kwakukhona amacala okudla inyama, lapho oshaka be-hammerhead bedla izihlobo zabo ezincane. Izilwane ezizingelayo zizingela ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Bahlukaniswa nobugagu babo, ubugagu, nokuhamba ngesivinini okukhulu kokuhamba. Ngenxa yokusabela kombani ngokushesha, ezinye izisulu azinaso ngisho nesikhathi sokubona ukuthi zibanjwe yizilwane ezidlayo. Lapho isibambile isisulu sayo, ushaka uyayithuntubeza ngokushaya ngamandla kwekhanda, noma ayicindezele ezansi ayidle.
Oshaka bavame ukondla izinhlanzi eziningi ezinobuthi nempilo yasolwandle. Kodwa-ke, umzimba kashaka ufundile ukwakha amasosha omzimba nokwakha ukumelana nobuthi obuhlukahlukene.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ushaka omkhulu we-hammerhead
Oshaka beHammerhead bashesha ngendlela eyisimanga futhi bayashesha ukuphila kwasolwandle, naphezu kosayizi wabo omuhle. Bazizwa behle kakhulu olwandle oluvulekile ekujuleni okukhulu nasemanzini angajulile. Emini baphumula kakhulu. Abesifazane bakhetha ukuchitha isikhathi bendawonye eduze kwemifula yamakhorali noma amawa olwandle. Bahamba ngokuzingela nabahlaselayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Oshaka besifazane be-hammerhead bathanda ukuhlangana ngamaqembu emadwaleni angaphansi kwamanzi. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka emini, ebusuku bafiphaza, ukuze ngakusasa baphinde bahlangane futhi bakusebenzise ndawonye.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izilwane ezidla ezinye ziziqondisa ngokuphelele emkhathini noma kumnyama bhuqe futhi azidideki izingxenye zomhlaba. Kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi oshaka basebenzisa amasignali ahlukahlukene angaba yishumi ngenqubo yokuxhumana. Cishe ingxenye yalokhu ngezexwayiso eziyingozi. Incazelo yokuphumula ayisaziwa.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi izidumbu zizizwa zikhulu cishe kunoma yikuphi ukujula. Esikhathini esiningi bahlangana ngemihlambi ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-20-25, bangahlangana emanzini angajulile noma bacwile cishe ekujuleni kolwandle, bangene ekujuleni okungaphezu kwamamitha angama-360. Kunezimo lapho lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezidlayo lutholakala emanzini amasha.
Ngokuqala kwenkathi ebandayo, ukufuduka kwalezi zilwane kuyabonakala. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, iningi lezilwane ezizingelayo zigxile eduze nenkabazwe. Ngokubuya kwehlobo, baphinde bathuthele emanzini apholile acebile ngokudla. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, abantu abasha banqwabelana ngemihlambi emikhulu, inani labo elifinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziningana.
Babhekwa njengabazingeli be-virtuoso, abavame ukuhlasela abahlali bokujula kolwandle, okubadlula kakhulu ngosayizi namandla.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Hammerhead shark cub
I-hammerhead shark iyinhlanzi eviviparous. Bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi lapho befinyelela isisindo esithile nobude bomzimba. Abesifazane babusa kakhulu esisindweni somzimba. Ukukhwelana akwenzeki ngokujula, ngalesi sikhathi oshaka basondele kakhulu ekujuleni kolwandle. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa bavame ukuluma amazinyo abo kubalingani babo.
Owesifazane ngamunye omdala ukhiqiza inzalo njalo eminyakeni emibili. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kombungu sihlala izinyanga eziyi-10-11. Isikhathi sokuzalwa enyakatho Nenkabazwe sisezinsukwini zokugcina zentwasahlobo. Oshaka, abahlala ogwini lwase-Australia, kufanele babelethe ebusika.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Koshaka abancane be-hammerhead, isando sitholakala ngokufana nomzimba, ngenxa yalokho ukuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokubeletha kungafakwanga.
Esikhathini sokusondela kokuzalwa, insikazi isondela ngasogwini, ihlala ezindaweni ezinamathenda amancane, lapho kunokudla okuningi khona. Amawundlu asanda kuzalwa awela esimweni semvelo bese elandela abazali bawo. Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi eyodwa izala amawundlu ayishumi kuya kwangama-40. Inani lezilwane ezincane ezidlayo ngqo lincike ngosayizi nesisindo somzimba kamama.
Abantu abasha bacishe babe isigamu semitha ubude futhi babhukuda kahle kakhulu, ngokushesha okukhulu. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala, oshaka abasanda kuzalwa bazama ukuhlala besondelene nonina, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi bayizisulu ezilula zezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye. Ngesikhathi sokusondelana nonina, bathola ukuvikelwa futhi baqonde ubuqili bokuzingela. Ngemuva kokuthi amawundlu azelwe eseqine ngokwanele futhi esethole ulwazi, ahlukaniswa nonina futhi ahola indlela yokuphila eyedwa.
Izitha zemvelo zoshaka be-hammerhead
Isithombe: Hammerhead shark emanzini
I-hammerhead shark ingenye yezilwane ezinamandla kakhulu futhi eziyingozi. Ngenxa yobukhulu bomzimba wabo, amandla nokushesha, empeleni abanazitha endaweni yabo yemvelo. Okuhlukile ngabantu nezimuncagazi, okukhubaza umzimba koshaka, ngokuwudla ngaphakathi. Uma inani lama-parasites likhulu, lingaholela ekufeni ngisho nomdondoshiya onjenge-hammerhead shark.
Izilwane ziye zabahlasela kaninginingi abantu. Ocwaningweni lwezidlakela eHawaiian Research Institute, kwafakazelwa ukuthi ushaka akabathathi abantu njengezisulu noma abangaba yizisulu zabo. Kodwa-ke, kuseduze neziqhingi zaseHawaii lapho kubhalwa khona amacala amaningi okuhlaselwa kwabantu. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi esikhathini lapho abesifazane begeza ogwini ngaphambi kokubeletha. Kuleli qophelo, bayingozi ikakhulukazi, banolaka futhi abangalindelekile.
Abatshuzi, abatshuzi be-scuba, kanye nabahamba ngezinyawo bavame ukuba yizisulu zabesifazane abanolaka, abakhulelwe. Abatshuzi nabahloli bamazwe nakho kubhekiswe kakhulu kubo ngokunyakaza okungazelelwe nokungaqiniseki kwezilwane ezizingelayo.
Oshaka beHammerhead bavame ukubulawa ngabantu ngenxa yezindleko zabo eziphezulu. Inani elikhulu lemithi, kanye namafutha okugcoba, okhilimu nezimonyo zokuhlobisa zenziwa ngesisekelo samafutha oshaka. Izindawo zokudlela ezisezingeni eliphakeme ziphaka izitsha ngokususelwa enyameni kashaka. Isobho le-shark fin elaziwa kakhulu libhekwa njengesibiliboco esikhethekile.
Isimo sabantu nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Hammerhead Shark
Namuhla, isibalo soshaka be-hammerhead asisongelwa. Kuma-subspecies ayisishiyagalolunye akhona, inhlanzi enamakhanda amakhulu, eqothulwa ngobuningi obukhulu, ibizwa ngokuthi "isengozini" yinyunyana yezokulondolozwa komhlaba. Mayelana nalokhu, lezi zinhlayiya zibalwa phakathi kwabamele izitshalo nezilwane, abasesimweni esikhethekile. Mayelana nalokhu, ezindaweni zokuhlala zale mikhakha, uhulumeni ulawula umthamo wokukhiqiza nokudoba.
EHawaii, kwamukelwa kabanzi ukuthi i-hammerhead shark isidalwa saphezulu. Kukuzo lapho imiphefumulo yabahlali abangasekho ihamba khona. Mayelana nalokhu, abantu bendawo bakholelwa ukuthi ukuhlangana nenhlanzi yesando olwandle oluphakeme kubhekwa njengempumelelo enkulu kanye nophawu lwenhlanhla. Kule ndawo, umhlaseli omele igazi ujabulela isikhundla esikhethekile nenhlonipho.
Ushaka we-Hammerhead ungummeleli omangalisayo futhi okhetheke kakhulu wempilo yasolwandle. Uyazi kahle indawo futhi uthathwa njengomzingeli ongenakulinganiswa. Ukusabela okushesha kombani nobungcweti obukhulu, ubungqabavu cishe abufaki ubukhona bezitha ezimweni zemvelo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 10.06.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 22.09.2019 ngo-23: 56
