Undlunkulu kuyinyoni wonke umuntu ahlangane nayo. Le nyoni encane isiphenduke into ebaluleke kakhulu yezihlahla ezikhula egcekeni, isimemezelo sezinsuku ezifudumele ezisondelayo, nesimo sezulu esiseduze semvula. Lapho kufakwa khona abaphakeli, kuzwakala njalo ukuxokozela kondlunkulu, futhi njengoba intwasahlobo isondela, ukukhala kwabo okujabulisayo kuzwakala yonke indawo.
Ondlunkulu-izinyoni-ondlunkulu baba ngamaqhawe ezinganekwane, izindaba, izisho, imilolozelo yezingane, izaga ngisho nezimpawu zomdabu. Ake sihlolisise impilo yale nyoni encane, kodwa emincane futhi edume kakhulu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Sparrow
Undlunkulu uyinyoni esabalele evela emndenini odlulayo ongaziwa.
Bathi isimo sokudlula samasela sathiya le nyoni igama. Kwenzeka lesi sikhathi lapho enezimpaphe entshontsha umqulu wombhaki, yamemeza ngemuva kwakhe yathi: "Shaya isela!" Ngakho undlunkulu waba negama lakhe.
Izazi zezinyoni zikhomba izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-22 zalezi zinyoni, eziyisishiyagalombili zazo zihlala eduze, imvamisa kutholakala izinhlobo ezilandelayo zondlunkulu:
- brownie;
- inkambu;
- amabele amnyama;
- itshe;
- ikhanda elibomvu;
- iqhwa;
- izinzwane ezimfushane;
- Ubumba lwaseMongolia.
Ukuvela kondlunkulu kujwayelekile cishe kuwo wonke umuntu kusukela ebuntwaneni. Yinyoni encane, kodwa uqhwaku lwayo lukhulu kakhulu. Imibala yondlunkulu ilawulwa ngamathoni ampunga, ansundu ngokukhanyayo nangansundu onsundu. Uhlobo ngalunye lwabadlulayo lunezici zalo ezihlukile, ezinye zazo esizozichaza.
Ividiyo: Undlunkulu
Undlunkulu onamabele amnyama unekhanda le-chestnut, intamo, izimpiko kanye nangemuva kwekhanda. Esifundeni sangemuva, amabala we-motley akhanyayo ayabonwa. Izinhlangothi nezihlathi zondlunkulu kunemibala ekhanyayo. I-goiter, umphimbo, uhhafu webele unemibala emnyama. Izimpiko zifakwe umugqa omnyama ovundlile. Abesilisa babukeka behle kakhulu futhi begqamile kunabesifazane.
Indlunkulu yeqhwa (finch) ihlotshiswe ngamaphiko amade amnyama namhlophe nomsila ompunga, onezimpaphe ezikhanyayo onqenqemeni. Ucezu olumnyama luqhamuka ngokuphawulekayo endaweni yomphimbo yalondlunkulu.
Indlunkulu yetshe inkulu kakhulu ngosayizi uma iqhathaniswa nezihlobo zayo, isici esivelele sale nyoni siwumugqa obanzi odlula eduze komqhele, futhi uqhwaku lwaso lumnyama ngokukhanyayo. Isifuba nomphimbo zinamachashazi alula, i-goiter ihlotshiswe ngocezwana lombala kalamula ogqamile.
Undlunkulu we-ginger unombala ocebile we-chestnut, i-nape, emuva nezimpiko zalo mthunzi othile. Insikazi ihlukaniswa nesifuba esikhanyayo esimpunga noma esinsundu.
Indlondlondlo lemifisha mincane kakhulu, umbala wetinsiba tayo unesihlabatsi, imivimbo lemincane lencane yelizwi lelikhanyayo ingabonakala emphinjeni nasekupheleni kwemsila.
Undlunkulu wobumba waseMongolia unombala ompunga we-nondescript, kunezindawo ezilula kuwo, kepha zivela zibuthakathaka kakhulu, ngakho-ke, kwesinye isikhathi azibonakali nakancane.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inyoni yondlunkulu
Ukuvela kondlunkulu kwaziwa yithi kusukela ebuntwaneni. Yinyoni encane enamathoni ansundu, ansundu nampunga. Izimpiko zondlunkulu zihlotshiswe ngemivimbo emnyama futhi elula egqame ngezichaka. Ikhanda, isisu nendawo ezungeze izindlebe zondlunkulu zingwevu okhanyayo noma onsundu ngokukhanyayo.
Umlomo omkhulu omnyama ugqame ngokusobala ekhanda elincane lenyoni. Umsila kondlunkulu awumude, futhi ubude bonke bomzimba wondlunkulu bungafinyelela ku-15 cm, isisindo somzimba waso singama-gramu angama-35. Amaphiko kondlunkulu afinyelela ku-26 cm ngobubanzi.
Undlunkulu wesifazane kulula ukuhlukanisa nowesilisa hhayi ngosayizi kuphela (mncane kancane), kodwa futhi nangombala, onenhle kakhulu kowesilisa. Inamabala akhanyayo esilevini nasesifubeni engabonakali kwabesifazane.
Amehlo ondlunkulu abekwe eceleni ngomngcele onsundu ngokumpunga. Ondlunkulu banemilenze emifushane, emincane futhi ifakwe uzipho olubuthaka. Imvamisa sibona ondlunkulu bensimu nabendlu. Umehluko kulezi zinhlobo akunzima ukuwuthola. Indlunkulu yendlu yabesilisa ifaka isigqoko esimnyama esimpunga, kanti undlunkulu wasensimini uthwala oweshokoledi. Emaphikweni ondlunkulu bendlu kukhona umugqa owodwa olula, futhi emaphikweni ondlunkulu basendle babili babo. Indlunkulu yensimu inezinsimbi ezimnyama ezihlathini zayo nokhololo omhlophe entanyeni yayo. Indlunkulu yasendlini inkulu ngosayizi ozakwabo wasensimini.
Kunama-vertebrae aphindwe kabili emgogodleni wesibeletho womgogodla odlulayo kunendlulamithi enentamo ende.
Uhlala kuphi undlunkulu?
Isithombe: Ondlunkulu baseMoscow
Kulula ukubala izindawo lapho ungeke uthole khona undlunkulu, ngoba Ihlala cishe yonke indawo, yize undlunkulu engathandi isimo sezulu esineqhwa ngokweqile. Undlunkulu angabizwa ngokuthi ngumngane womuntu, uzwana kahle, emaphandleni nasemadolobheni amakhulu.
Ondlunkulu bahlala endaweni evundlile, ehlathini, nasezwekazini lase-Australia. Indawo yokusabalalisa ondlunkulu inkulu kakhulu. Ihlanganisa izindawo ezisuka engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeYurophu kuye oLwandle lwase-Okhotsk uqobo lwayo, undlunkulu utholakala kokubili e-Central naseMpumalanga ye-Asia, le nyoni ayisindisiwe noMama Siberia.
Indawo ethile yokuhlala ingaqokwa maqondana nezinhlobo ngazinye:
- undlunkulu wendlu ungumhlali womdabu wase-Eurasia, ezweni lethu utholakala yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwengxenye yayo esenyakatho-mpumalanga ne-tundra;
- undlunkulu weqhwa uhlala eCaucasus naseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Altai Territory;
- undlunkulu wasensimini uhlakazeke kulo lonke elase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika;
- undlunkulu obomvu endaweni yaseRussia ukhethe amaKuriles naseningizimu yeSakhalin;
- undlunkulu wobumba waseMongolia utholakala eTransbaikalia, eRepublic of Tuva nase-Altai;
- undlunkulu onesifuba esimnyama uhlala enyakatho yezwekazi lase-Afrika nase-Eurasia;
- undlunkulu wamatshe wabhaliswa e-Altai Territory, eVolga engezansi, eTransbaikalia, eCaucasus;
- Indlunkulu emfishane ihlala eDagestan, ngoba ithanda izintaba ezinamadwala.
Kungabonakala sengathi ondlunkulu bahlala kuyo yonke indawo, bangabonakala behleli ophahleni, egatsheni lesihlahla ngasewindini, bezindiza nje, balwa bezungeza okuphakelayo, begxuma ku-asphalt, beshaya engadini, behlala endle. Sizijwayeze lezi zinyoni ezincane ukuthi undlunkulu wethu uthathwa njengokuthize (othile) ojwayelekile nosuku.
Udliwa yini undlunkulu?
Isithombe: Ondlunkulu ebusika
Undlunkulu ungabizwa ngokuthi omnivorous; le nyoni encane ayizidli ngokudla. Imenyu yondlunkulu iqukethe imvuthu, okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene, izinambuzane, amajikijolo, izithelo, nokudla okusele ekudleni komuntu. Indlunkulu ayinakubizwa ngokuthi inamahloni kakhulu. Abaningi kungenzeka ukuthi babonile ukuthi lezi zinyoni ezinamahloni zikucela kanjani ukudla eziteshini, kubagibeli abalinde ukuthuthwa kwazo.
Abantu baphula izingcezu zemiqulu, ophaya kubo, ondlunkulu bazama ukubahlukanisa emhlambini wonke, ngoba abanamhobholo nakancane. Ondlunkulu abanqikazi ukubuka izinsalela zokunye ukudla ezindaweni zokudlela ezinhle zasehlobo, futhi bangantshontsha i-tidbit etafuleni. Baphatha ukudla okusha, okungajwayelekile ngokuqapha, bacwaninge ngokucophelela, futhi, kaningi, ngeke bakudle.
Ebusika, izinyoni zinenkinga enzima; inani elikhulu lazo liyabonakala kuma-feeder. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvamisa lapho umhlambi wonondlunkulu uvela, amabele ayandiza abaleke, lokhu kungukuphanga nobuntu obudlondlizayo bondlunkulu.
Ebusika, emakhazeni amakhulu nasezithweni ezinzima zeqhwa, ondlunkulu abaningi bayafa, ngoba akukho lapho bangathola khona ukudla kwabo, ngakho-ke abantu kufanele banakekele izinyoni ngokubeka abaphakeli ngokudla.
Emzaneni ehlobo, ondlunkulu baphila kahle nje. Izingadi zigcwele ukudla kwazo. Ondlunkulu bathanda kakhulu ama-cherry, ama-currants, amagilebhisi. Imvamisa abalimi nabalimi bakhala ngabo, ngenxa yokuthi bathatha amajikijolo amaningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ondlunkulu babulala izinambuzane eziningi ezilimaza izilimo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuxosha ondlunkulu engadini ngosizo lwe-scarecrow ibhizinisi elingenamsebenzi, le nyoni ayiyesabi nakancane. Le imenyu ehlukahlukene yondlunkulu, exhomekeke kokuthandwa ngabantu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: undlunkulu wendlu
Ondlunkulu abakhohlakele, bayazikhukhumeza, abathandeki futhi banamaqhude. Lapho kuneziningi zazo, umsindo, ukuduma, ukuncwina, ukuncwina kuhlala kulawula. Uhlamvu londlunkulu luyalwa, luhlaza kancane. Imvamisa basusa ezinye izinyoni kunoma iyiphi insimu.
Ondlunkulu bahlala emihlambini, ngoba inzalo yabo esekhulile ihlala nabazali bayo, bese umhlambi ukhula minyaka yonke. Isikhathi sokuphila kondlunkulu sifushane, cishe iminyaka emihlanu kuphela, izibonelo eziphila kuze kube li-10 azitholakali kangako.Iinyunyana zomndeni kondlunkulu zinamandla, zenzelwe impilo yonke emfushane.
Indlunkulu yinyoni ehlala phansi ethanda ukuhlala endaweni efanayo, ngenxa yalokho okuqubuka khona ukulwa okuhlazisayo nokuqubuka kwesiphepho nabantu ongabazi.
Isidleke sondlunkulu singatholakala noma kuphi:
- kuvulandi;
- ekamelweni elisophahleni;
- ngemuva kwe-cornice yefasitela;
- endlini yezinyoni;
- emgodini omncane;
- esidlekeni senkonjane esishiyiwe.
Undlunkulu wasensimini uvame ukuhlala ezidlekeni zezinyoni ezinkulu (ama-egrets, izinkozi, onogolantethe, oheshe). Ngakho-ke, undlunkulu onobuqili ungaphansi kokuvikelwa kwezinyoni ezinkulu ezibuka inzalo yazo, ngasikhathi sinye zibheke umuntu odlulayo.
Emndenini wondlunkulu, abezwanga ngokuthula nokuzola, kuhlale kunomsindo nokutshiyoza okungatheni, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho kudalwa imibhangqwana esanda kwenziwa. Emhlanjini ngamunye kunondlunkulu oqaphile, othi lapho ebheke khona aqaphe imvelo, axwayise izihlobo zakhe ngosongo oluncane ngokumemeza kwazo okunomsindo. Lapho umuzwa, umhlambi uyahlakazeka ngokushesha.
Ondlunkulu ngokwengxenye bathandana, ngoba babheka umhlaba ngezibuko ezinombala ophuzi, nansi indlela izinto zabo ezibukwayo ezihlelwe ngayo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Izindlunkulu
Njengoba sekushiwo, undlunkulu uyinyoni efundayo, ehlala phansi, ehlala endaweni ethile, engakubekezeleli ukungena. Amabili ondlunkulu aqinile kakhulu, izinyoni zakha ubumbano lomndeni kuze kuphele izinsuku zazo. Ukwakheka kwamabili kuvame ukuqala ezinsukwini zokugcina zobusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ngemuva kwalokho kuzwakala undlunkulu nokutshiyoza okungazoli ndawo yonke indawo. Abagibeli bamahhashi abakhohlisa izintokazi bavame ukulwa, ngakho-ke amahlazo phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana ayinakugwenywa. Lo mbhangqwana osanda kwakhiwa uqala ukwakha isidleke, esivele silungile ngasekupheleni kukaMashi. Isidleke sondlunkulu sincane, siwurhabaxa, sisontiwe, amagatsha amancane, izimpaphe notshani obomile.
Ngo-Ephreli, insikazi iqala ukubekela amaqanda, imvamisa inani lazo alidluli ku-8. Zimhlophe ngombala futhi zimbozwe ngamachaphaza abomvu ngokubomvu. Bobabili abazali baqandusela amaqanda ngokulandelana, yonke le nqubo ithatha cishe amasonto amabili. Amachwane achanyuswayo azalwa enqunu, ukubhoboka kwawo akuvamile, umlomo wawo omkhulu ophuzi uyabonakala ngokushesha. Ondlunkulu bangabazali abakhathalelayo kakhulu abondla izingane zabo ndawonye, ngokungakhathali bezilethela zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane.
Le nkathi yokondla ihlala ngaphezu kwamasonto amabili. Lapho izingane zinezinsuku eziyishumi kuphela ubudala, sezivele ziqala ukwenza izindiza zazo zokuqala. Ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo nje, ondlunkulu abancane baqala ukushiya izidleke zabo zabazali. Ngemuva kokushiya isidleke, amaphuphu ahlala emhlambini, ngemuva kwalokho, akha imindeni yawo. Ngokushesha futhi abazali baqala ukudala ukwakhiwa okusha, kungahle kube khona abaningana (cishe abathathu) ehlobo.
Ngokumangazayo, ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi, phakathi kondlunkulu, imvuselelo iyafika futhi, ukukhala okukhulu, nokuqomisana kwabesifazane kuyaqala. Izinyoni seziqala ukwakha izidleke futhi, inzalo elindelwe entwasahlobo elandelayo kuphela, futhi lezi zakhiwo ezithokomele, ezilungiselelwe kusengaphambili zizosebenza njengesiphephelo esimweni sezulu sasebusika nasekwindla.
Izitha zemvelo zondlunkulu
Isithombe: Undlunkulu emvelweni
Yize isimilo sondlunkulu sikhala futhi sinesibindi, le nyoni encane inezitha eziningi. Amakati angenamakhaya ayakuthanda ukuzingela ondlunkulu, futhi izilwane ezifuywayo azikuphikisi ukuzingela lezi zinyoni. Inja elahlekile nayo izodla undlunkulu ngenjabulo uma inenhlanhla yokuyibamba. Emini, ondlunkulu bangaphathwa ukuhlaselwa okusheshayo kondlunkulu, ohlasela njalo ngokungazelelwe nangejubane lombani, abambe izinyoni ezingazelele ngokumangala.
Imvamisa, futhi undlunkulu omile ongaqapheli akanaso isikhathi sokuvuka futhi axwayise abantu bakubo abanomsindo. Ebusuku, ondlunkulu baba isidlo sezikhova ezidlayo, okuthi, ngamehlo aso acijile, zikwazi ukubona lezi zinyoni ezincane. Kwesinye isikhathi izikhova zishaya phezulu, ezethusa ondlunkulu futhi zenze izinyoni ziphume ezindlini zazo, bese zihlasela izinyoni ezethukile.
Impungushe enobuqili nayo ingadala ingozi kondlunkulu, imvamisa ichitha izidleke zayo ezincane namachwane adlayo. I-marten nayo ingasongela ondlunkulu, ngoba ihamba kahle emqhele womuthi. Ama-Hedgehogs, izingwejeje nama-ferrets akasoze enqaba ukudla okulula kweqanda uma ethola isidleke.
Izimo ezinzima zokuphila kondlunkulu nazo zibangela ukufa kwalezi zinyoni ngobuningi. Imvamisa, amaphuphu asanda kuzalwa awela esidlekeni, okuholela ekufeni kwezingane. Ondlunkulu abaningi (ikakhulukazi abasha) abaphili kuze kufike intwasahlobo, ngoba kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuba izinyoni zisinde ebusika obunzima, obuneqhwa neqhwa.
Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukudla ezimweni ezinzima kangaka, izinyoni zilinde usizo kubantu, ziqaphe ngokucophelela ukugcwaliswa kwabaphakeli. Ezindaweni zasemakhaya, kulula ukuthi ondlunkulu bachithe ubusika, lapho bengathola khona ukudla ezinqolobaneni nasemashedeni, lapho kugcinwa khona okusanhlamvu. Lokhu kunzima kakhulu impilo yalezi zinyoni ezincane, izitha zazo ezingaphezu kokwanele.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Inyoni yondlunkulu
Ibutho londlunkulu likhulu futhi liningi, lisakazeke kabanzi cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Inani londlunkulu alinazo izinsongo ezivela emhlabeni wangaphandle, ukuqothulwa kwalezi zinyoni ezincane akusongeli nakancane, ondlunkulu abekho ngaphansi kokuvikelwa okukhethekile noma yikuphi.
Isimo sengqondo sabantu ngondlunkulu sikabili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zinenzuzo, zidla izinambuzane eziningi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindimbane zondlunkulu zingaholela ekubhujisweni kwesivuno sonke. Amajikijolo amaningi, izithelo nezinhlamvu kungadliwa cishe ngokuphelele ondlunkulu. Isimo siphinde sibe nzima ukuthi undlunkulu akamesabi umuntu, ngakho-ke, ukwesaba okuhlukahlukene kwensimu nensimu akusebenzi kuye.
Ungabi nombono ophambene ngondlunkulu. Umuntu kufanele akhumbule kuphela indaba eyenzeka eChina, lapho abantu beqala ukuqothula izinyoni ngenxa yokungena kwabo emasimini elayisi. AmaShayina athola ukuthi undlunkulu akakwazanga ukundiza ngokuqhubekayo isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engu-15, ngakho-ke baqhuba izinyoni ezihlwempu zafa, zingazivumeli ukuba zihlale phansi.
Kwafa izindimbane zondlunkulu, kepha kwafika izitha zabo ezicashile - zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, ezaqala ukuzizwa zikhululekile, ngoba izinyoni azibange zisabasongela. Bacekela phansi zonke izilimo, ngakho kwaqubuka indlala embi ngalowo nyaka, yabulala amaShayina angaphezu kuka-30 000. Ngokusobala, lapho-ke abantu babona iphutha labo, kepha izindleko zalo zazimbi kakhulu.
Namuhla akukho okusongela ondlunkulu, indawo yabo yokusabalalisa ibanzi, futhi abantu baningi kakhulu. Indlunkulu impela ayivamile, sijwayele lezi zinyoni ezihlala eduze ukuthi, kwesinye isikhathi, asizinaki ngisho nokunaka kakhulu.
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukungeza lokho undlunkulu enobungcweti obukhulu, onesibindi futhi onamaqhude, akusizi ngalutho ukuthi uyiqhawe lezinganekwane ezahlukahlukene, opopayi nezindaba. Akufanele ucasulwe yisimo sondlunkulu esingaqondakali nokweba, ngoba, kwesinye isikhathi, wukungaqondakali, ubudedengu nobuchule obusiza lezi zinyoni ezincane ukuba ziphile ezimeni ezinzima zokuphila. Ekugcineni, ngithanda ukusho isisho esaziwayo esiveza ubuningi balezi zinyoni: "Alikho igatsha elinjalo ondlunkulu abangahlali kulo."
Usuku lokushicilelwa: Meyi 14, 2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 20.09.2019 ngo-17: 57
