Ingwejeje empunga - igundane elihle kakhulu futhi elihle. Ama-squirrels ajwayelekile emhlabeni wonke, kuyintokozo ukuwabuka. Emapaki asedolobheni, basondela kumuntu bese bethatha umuthi ezandleni zabo, ikakhulukazi bathanda amantongomane. Ukubukwa kwamaphrotheni kukhuthaza ukuphumula nokukhululeka kwengcindezi kubantu banamuhla.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: I-Grey squirrel
I-Eastern or Caroline grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) yeza kithi eYurophu isuka eNyakatho Melika. Lezi zingwejeje zaziswa okokuqala eBritish Isles maphakathi nekhulu le-19. Kancane kancane, lolu hlobo lwasakazekela kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseRussia, olutholakala emahlathini, emapaki, ekutshalweni, ezifundeni zase-taiga naseRussia.
Okhokho bengwejeje abampunga babizwa ngama-Iscbyromyides, kamuva aguqukela kumaSciurides, futhi bahlala eNyakatho Melika eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-40 edlule. Kulezi zinhlobo kwaphuma amagundane anamuhla, izingwejeje ezisemhlabathini, izingwejeje ezindizayo zaseMelika, nezaseJapan. Izinhlobo zanamuhla ze- "Common squirrel" i-Sciurus vulgaris ineminyaka nje eyi-3 million ubudala.
Ividiyo: Ingwejeje Mpunga
Njengezilwane ezifuywayo, izingwejeje bezilinywa kusukela ezinsukwini zeRoma lasendulo. Ezinganekwaneni, izinganekwane nezinganekwane zaseNdiya naseJalimane, ingwejeje inendawo ekhethekile. Isibonelo, kunkulunkulu waseJalimane uDonar wayebheka i-squirrel njengesilwane esingcwele, ngenxa yejazi lomlilo elinomlilo. Futhi ezinganekwaneni zamaNdiya, ingwejeje yayinamandla okukhipha lonke ulwandle ngomsila wayo.
Igama elithi "squirrel" elihunyushwe lisuselwa esiGrekini lisho ukuthi "isithunzi, umsila", elifanele kakhulu lesi silwane esingenamandla nesishesha esihamba njengombani, sishiya isithunzi kuphela ngenxa yomsila obushubile. NgesiLatin, ingwejeje empunga izwakala njengeGrey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Emibhalweni yasendulo yaseRussia, iphrotheni lalibizwa nge- "veksha".
Ukusabalala okusheshayo kwasizwa ukungabi bikho kwezilwane ezazizizingela njengaseNyakatho Melika. Isimo sezulu eYurophu sithambile, ubusika bushushu, ngakho-ke izilwane zizala ngenkuthalo futhi zihlasele izindawo ezintsha. Ingwejeje esempumalanga (mpunga) itholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Australia kanye namazwe anesimo sezulu saseMedithera.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-Animal grey squirrel
I-grey squirrel inomzimba omude nonemisipha, imilenze emifushane enezinzipho ezinde, futhi azikho izintshontshi ezincwadini zezindlebe, ngokungafani nesikwele esibomvu. Imilenze yangemuva inezinzwani ezinhlanu, kanti imilenze yangaphambili inezine kuphela, okusiza ukuthi igxume isuke egatsheni iye egatsheni ngokushesha. Uzipho olude lumvumela ukuba abambe aqine angawi kusuka ekuphakameni okukhulu kwesihlahla.
Isisindo somuntu omdala sicishe sibe yi-1000 g, ubude bomzimba bungu-32 cm, bakhulu futhi banolaka kakhulu kunezingqangi zabo - izingwejeje ezibomvu. Njengamanje, bacishe babaxosha endaweni yabo yemvelo. Umbala usuka kumlotha okhanyayo uye kwimpunga emnyama, futhi isisu simhlophe, ezinqeni kukhona umbala wegolide nobomvu. Ngaphandle, akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane, izilwane zifana ncamashi.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Umsila omude ungu-2/3 wobude bomzimba wakhe futhi uyamsiza ukuthi agxume amabanga amade. Umsila uvikela amakhaza, ukushisa futhi usiza ukugcina ibhalansi. Ukweqa kwamamitha ayisithupha akuwona neze umkhawulo wamakhono womzimba wesikwele esimpunga. Ebusika nasehlobo, i-squirrel sheds nejazi loboya liyashintsha.
Ukulungiselela ubusika, amaprotheni adla kakhulu, aqoqa amafutha, kuya ngesizini, uboya buba bukhudlwana futhi buyafudumala. Isikhathi esinqunyiwe se-squirrel cishe iminyaka emihlanu, abanye abantu baphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi nambili, kepha kuphela ekuthunjweni. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, lapho izimo zinzima kakhulu, izingwejeje zihlala kancane, abantu abaningi babulawa amakhaza nezifo.
I-grey squirrel iyasebenza kakhulu, ihamba njalo ifuna ukudla. Unamehlo amakhulu futhi abanzi, ngenxa yendawo akuyo esiqhumeni, isilwane sinendawo yokubuka ebanzi, ngakho-ke ibona kahle ingozi. Ngenxa yoboya bayo obuhle, ingwejeje iba yinto yokuzingelwa nokudoba. Uboya bezilwane ezisencane baziswa kakhulu.
Ihlala kuphi ingwejeje mpunga?
Isithombe: I-squirrel grey
Njengendawo yokuhlala, i-squirrel incamela ukuhlala emahlathini axubekile noma ama-coniferous, okungcono kunendawo enkulu. Isikwele esisodwa singakwazi ukumboza indawo engafika kumahektha amane. Kuzwakala kangcono endaweni enesimo sezulu esipholile. Azitholakali ezindaweni eziyizicaba nezogwadule; zigwema izindawo ezivulekile.
Ebusweni bomhlaba, i-squirrel izwa ukukhathazeka, ngakho-ke, lapho iqhuma kancane, ibalekela ezihlahleni. Njengekhaya, ingwejeje empunga ikhetha isidleke sezinyoni esingenalutho noma esishiyiwe. Uma ingekho indawo efanelekayo, angakha isidleke sohlobo oluvulekile, ngemfoloko emagatsheni. Ezingadini noma emapaki, angahlala endlini yezinyoni.
Ngezikhathi ezishisayo zosuku, uncamela ukulala esidlekeni esipholile, kuthi ekuseni nakusihlwa bathole ukudla. I-grey squirrel igwema ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nobumanzi. Lesi yisilwane esishintshayo, esisebenza kuphela ngezikhathi zasemini. Izingwejeje eziningi zihlala eduze kwabantu abavame ukuzondla kuma-feeder akhethekile.
Idlani ingwejeje empunga?
Isithombe: I-Grey squirrel eRussia
Ingwejeje mpunga ingeyama-omnivores, njengamagundane amaningi.
Ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko:
amantongomane;
izinhlobonhlobo zembewu;
izithelo;
amahlumela ezihlahla ezincane;
imbewu yesigaxa;
izinambuzane;
ama-acorn;
amantongomane.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, isidingo sabo samaprotheni siyakhula, ukuze bakwazi ukudla ixoxo, amaqanda noma iphuphu elincane. Uma indlala ivela, ingwejeje iba yisinambuzane: idla amagxolo namahlumela ezihlahla ezincane, okufaka isandla ekufeni kwabo. Uma kunezinsimu ezinokolweni, ummbila eduze, ama-bulb ambiwa phansi. Ngisho nemibhede yezimbali isongelwa, izingwejeje zingadla izimbali uma zikhangwa yiphunga elimnandi lompe.
Esikhathini sasebusika, ingwejeje empunga yenza izinqolobane ebusika. Ukusinda kwamaprotheni esikhathini esibandayo kuncike kwinani labo. Bafihla izinqolobane zabo phakathi kwamagatsha, bazingcwabe eduze kwezimpande zezihlahla, bacashe nasemigodini yezihlahla. Lezi yizo zonke izinhlobo zamajikijolo, amakhowe omisiwe, imbewu, izigaxa. Uma othile ethola isilondolozi sakhe kusenesikhathi, i-squirrel kungenzeka ingasinda ebusika obunzima.
Izingwejeje zinenkumbulo enhle yezilondolozi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi azibuyeli kuzona futhi ngaleyo ndlela zifaka isandla ekusakazekeni kwembewu. Nakhu ukuthi kuvela kanjani ama-groove wonke ama-oki namamephu, ngenxa yokukhohlwa yisikwele. Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwamaprotheni kuyahluka kuye ngesizini: ebusika kudla cishe ama-gramu angama-80 okudla ngosuku, nasehlobo kuze kufike kuma-gramu angama-40.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Grey American Squirrel
I-grey squirrel inenkumbulo enhle, iyanaka futhi iyaqapha, ithathwa njengenye yezinhlobo zamagundane ezishesha kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, imvamisa, ukhohlwa okweqile kwakhe okunikezwayo, okutholwa amanye amagundane futhi akudle ngokujabula. Emapaki, izingwejeje eziningi zithatha ukudla ezandleni zabantu, kodwa yintsha kuphela ethanjiswe ngokuphelele.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Kufanele uqaphele lapho uhlangana nezingwejeje ezimpunga, zingabathwali bengxibongo, eyingozi kubantu. Amaprotheni ngokwawo awathinteki kuwo. Uma ingwejeje isengozini, ingaluma umuntu ophikisana naye kabuhlungu, isebenzisa amazinyo abukhali nokunwaya ngozipho.
Isikwele sinamazinyo aqinile futhi anempilo. Ama-incisors akhe akhula impilo yakhe yonke, ngakho-ke ochwepheshe banquma ngeminyaka yakhe ngamazinyo akhe. Uququda igobolondo eliqinile lamantongomane ngezinsimbi. Ama-molars atholakala ngemuva komlomo. Uma izinyo le-squirrel liphuka futhi liphela, kuzokhula elisha endaweni yalo. Lokhu ngumehluko wayo omkhulu kuzilwane eziningi ezincelisayo.
I-squirrel empunga ayazi ukuthi ingaqongelela kanjani amandla amakhulu, ayihambi ebusika, ngakho-ke kufanele ithole ukudla kaningana nsuku zonke. Lokhu kungubuthakathaka nokuba sengozini kwayo, ngoba izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo zingahamba ngaphandle kokudla isikhathi eside. Ngendlala enkulu, amaprotheni angadla amathambo ezilwane ezincane ezifile.
Ingwejeje empunga iyisizungu. Akanolaka kakhulu komakhelwane, kepha uzama ukugwema izihlobo. Ukuhlukumeza izihlobo kubonakala kuphela ngenkathi ye-rutting. Ixhumana nezihlobo zayo, yenza imisindo emifushane ehlekisayo, futhi ngosizo lomsila wayo, ingwejeje ikhombisa ukungenami noma ulaka lwayo. Indlela yakhe yokuphila iyasebenza, sonke isikhathi sakhe sokuphumula ugxuma esuka egatsheni eya egatsheni.
Uma kwenzeka ingozi izwakala kakhulu "ishaya izandla", yazisa sonke isifunda ngakho. Uzama ukugwema izindawo ezinamaxhaphozi, umswakama, uyisilwane esinamahloni kakhulu futhi esiqaphile, esaba ukuduma kwezulu, umsindo ongazelelwe. I-squirrel empunga, ngokungafani nebomvu, ayiwasabi nakancane amanzi, ibhukuda kahle uma kunesidingo noma ingozi empilweni.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Isilwanyane esimpunga
Ingwejeje ezimpunga izala amaphuphu kabili kathathu ngonyaka. Owesifazane uvuthwa ngokocansi ngonyaka wokuphila kwakhe. Ukushisa kuqala ngentwasahlobo efudumele. Abesilisa baqala ukushela ngomsindo insikazi, bayayijaha futhi badlale ngokubamba izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, abesilisa abayi-3-4 baqala ukuqomisana nabesifazane. Abesilisa baheha ukunakekelwa ngokuthepha izidladla zabo futhi bagijime kakhulu.
Ngemuva kwezimpi eziningi, owesilisa onamandla futhi omkhulu kunabo bonke uhlala, oba nguyise wenzalo yakhe. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, owesilisa wenza amamaki endaweni, kanti insikazi iqala ukwakha izidleke eziningana ngasikhathi sinye. Ngaphakathi kwawo, ubeka umbhede wobulembu obuthambile, okwenza isidleke siphephe futhi sithokomele.
Isisekelo sesokhethi senziwe ngobumba ngodaka lokuqina okuphelele. Isidleke sinokuphuma okuyinhloko nokuphuthumayo ukuze kuthi uma kwenzeka ubungozi ushiye isidleke kalula futhi ngokushesha Ukukhulelwa kwengwejeje empunga kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-38. Izingwejeje zizalwa ziyimpumputhe, zinempandla futhi azikwazi ukuzisiza, umama uhlala eseduze kwazo futhi wondla ubisi lwazo njalo emahoreni angama-3-4.
Imvamisa kuzalwa izingwejeje ezintathu kuya kweziyishumi, kepha bambalwa kuphela abasindayo kule nkukhu. Amehlo abo avuleka emavikini ama-2-3 kusukela ezelwe. Iningi libulawa ilukuluku, limane nje liwe esidlekeni, libe yizisulu zezilwane ezizizingelayo.
Iqiniso elimnandi: Ingwejeje empunga ingumama onakekelayo. Uma amazeze noma ezinye izimuncagazi zikhula esidlekeni, idlulisela inzalo kwesinye isidleke.
Izingwejeje zizimela ngemuva kwesonto lesishiyagalolunye, ziyashiya esidlekeni bese ziqala ukuzitholela ukudla kwazo zodwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, bahlala isikhathi esithile esidlekeni nonina.
Izitha zemvelo zezingwejeje ezimpunga
Isithombe: i-Rodent grey squirrel
Le nhlobo ayinazo izitha eziningi kangaka, okuchaza ukuhlala ngokushesha kweYurophu, njengamanye amagundane. Basindiswa ngejubane lokuhamba, ukuzwa okubucayi nokuphendula okuhle kakhulu. Ungabamba ingwejeje phansi kuphela, lapho ichitha khona isikhathi esincane kakhulu. Esikhathini esiningi iba yisisulu sezimpungushe nezimpisi, ezibuka ngesineke inyamazane yazo. Ezihlahleni, ama-marten, amakati asendle kanye ne-lynx bayazingela.
Ezindaweni ezivulekile, kuyisilwane esilula sezinyoni ezidla inyama: ukhozi, ukhozi nekhayithi. Izingwejeje ezincane zingadonswa esidlekeni igwababa noma ikati elijwayelekile lasekhaya. Ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, ingwejeje empunga isungule iqhinga layo lokusinda. Isibonelo, ngenkathi igijima phezulu naphansi futhi ivunguza, kunzima kakhulu ukuthi izinyoni ezidla inyama zibambe inyamazane yazo. Futhi sisebenzisa amagatsha amancane ukunyakaza, i-squirrel empunga izobalekela kalula i-marten.
Izitha zemvelo zeprotheni empunga (uCaroline) eMelika yilezi:
- ukhwekhwe;
- izimpungushe ezimpunga;
- izimpisi ezisencane;
- ukhozi;
- ukhozi lwegolide;
- izikhova;
- I-American marten;
- ama-piranhas;
- i-puma;
- goshawks.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona ohlwini, ngaphezu kwengxenye yalezi zilwane azikho eYurophu, okwathinta ngokushesha izingwejeje. Angasuka kalula kulowo omxoshayo ngokugxuma ibanga elide. Isilwane esinempilo futhi esinamandla kuyaqabukela singene emazinyweni omzingeli. Imvamisa lawa angamaprotheni agulayo, abuthakathaka noma amancane kakhulu. Ama-squirrels ancintisana nama-chipmunks, amagundane, kanye nama-hares ngezinsizakusebenza nokudla. Kodwa eduze kwabantu, i-squirrel cishe ayinazo izitha, izidlova zesaba kakhulu abantu, ngaphandle kwamakati.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-Grey squirrel
Njengamanje, impunga ayisona isilwane esivikelekile noma esisengozini yokuqothulwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lolu hlobo lusakazeka ngentshiseko emhlabeni wonke, lususa ezinye izinhlobo zamaprotheni. Kwamanye amazwe, sebephenduke inhlekelele yangempela, bachitha izihlahla futhi bachitha izingadi. Inani lezingwejezi lingehla kuphela uma amahlathi egawulwa amahlathi. Inani lezingwejeje lingehla ngokuhluleka kwesivuno, umlilo noma inhlekelele yemvelo.
E-UK, izingwejeje ezimpunga ziyaqothulwa ngenkuthalo futhi lokhu kuyakhuthazwa ngumthetho, kusetshenziswa abasebenzi bokufika abaqashiwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, uhulumeni uzama ukusindisa izingwejeje zejinja, esezinyamalale eScotland, eNgilandi nase-Ireland. Ngokungafani nezikwele ezibomvu, ezimpunga zonakalisa izimbali ngenkuthalo, zebela amaqanda ezindlini zezinkukhu, ziphenduka ziphule izimbiza zezimbali eduze kwendlu.
Manje amaprotheni akhiqizwa ngenkuthalo ezindaweni zokugcina izingane. Ingwejeje encane ithanjiswa ekuthunjweni, ijwayele abanikazi bayo. Ekuthunjweni, izingwejeje nazo zizala kahle futhi zivumelane kalula nempilo entsha. Ingwejeje mpunga izingelwa ngenkuthalo ngenxa yoboya bayo obuhle nomsila wayo opholile. Kwamanye amazwe, inyama yesikwele ibhekwa njengesibiliboco futhi iyadliwa.
Ingwejeje empunga kuvusa imizwa emihle kakhulu lapho kukhulunywa nabo. Uthandwa yizingane nabantu abadala, yize kukhona ukusongelwa ukusabalala kwengxibongo nokuthambekela kwakhe ekubhujisweni nxazonke. Isikwele lesi yisilwane esihlanzekile futhi asihlali emadolobheni nasezindaweni ezinemvelo embi. Bengifuna lolu hlobo lungafakwa eRed Book futhi ngangihlala ngijabulisa iso emapaki asendaweni namahlathi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 21.04.2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 19.09.2019 ngo-22: 22
