Mink

Mink - "indlovukazi" phakathi kwezilwane ezithwala uboya. Uthole ukuthandwa okuphezulu, ubizo lwakhe ngenxa yoboya obuhle, obufudumele nobubaluleke kakhulu. Lesi silwane saziwa umhlaba wonke. Ngokushesha nje, abantu abakwazanga ukubona hhayi kuphela uboya obuhle kuwo, kodwa futhi nentelezi enkulu yemvelo. Muva nje, i-mink iya ngokuya iba isilwane.

Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo

Isithombe: Mink

IMink yisilwane esincane esinezinwele ezibushelelezi, ikakhulu ezinsundu. Uyilungu elibalulekile lomndeni wama-mustelids futhi ungowezilwane ezincelisayo ezidlayo. Ngokude, lesi silwane asidluli amasentimitha angamashumi amahlanu, umsila waso owodwa kuphela othatha cishe amasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zeminki endle:

• EYurophu;
• WaseMelika.

Lezi zinhlobo zeminki zinokwehluka okuthile ekubukekeni nasezimpawu zokwakheka, kepha azibalulekile. Ngenxa yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, izimo ezifanayo zokuhlala, lezi zilwane zithole ukufana okuphezulu. Isici sayo yonke iminks ubukhona bolwelwesi olukhethekile phakathi kwezinzwani. Nguye owenza izilwane zibhukude kakhulu.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinhlobo zaseYurophu naseMelika zivela kokhokho abahluke ngokuphelele. I-mink yaseYurophu ivela kolinska, kuyilapho i-mink yaseMelika ithathwa njengesihlobo esiseduze sama-martens.

Isikhathi eside kakhulu, into ebaluleke kakhulu kule ndawo yokudoba kwakuyi-mink yaseYurophu. Kodwa-ke, namuhla ithathelwa indawo kancane kepha ngokuqinisekile ithathelwe indawo yiMelika. Lokhu kungenxa yokwehla okuphawulekayo kwenani labantu bezinhlobo, ukungeniswa kanye nokuzalaniswa okusheshayo kwesilwane saseMelika.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lo mmeleli we-weasel unikeza amaphesenti ayisikhombisa nanhlanu wokufunwa koboya emhlabeni. Kunencazelo elula yalesi sibalo - ama-mink akhiqiza kabusha ngokumangalisayo ekuthunjweni.

Ukubukeka nezici

Isithombe: Mink yezilwane

UMink uyisihlobo esiseduze sama-weasel, ama-ferrets, ama-weasel. Izinhlobo zemvelo zesilwane ezaseYurophu nezaseMelika, kepha ekuthunjweni, ososayensi bakhiqize ezinye izinhlobo ezithuthukise izici. Amaminki yizilwane ezincane ezinomzimba ohlangene. Umzimba uguquguquka kalula, futhi ubude bawo obumaphakathi ngamasentimitha angamashumi amane nantathu.

Ividiyo: Mink

Lezi zilwane zinomsila omncane kodwa oqhephuke kakhulu. Ubude baso buqala ngamasentimitha ayishumi nambili kuya kwayishumi nesishiyagalolunye. Isisindo somzingeli asikho ngaphezu kuka-800 amagremu. Ngenxa nemingcele enjalo, imvelo yesilwane ingangena emigodini ehlukahlukene, icashe ngokushesha uma kwenzeka ingozi futhi ihlale kalula emanzini.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu kumuntu oseku-mink ngoboya. Isidlakela esincane sinoboya obuhle kakhulu, obukhulu obugqinsi phansi. Iphedi ayivumeli isilwane ukuthi sibe manzi ngisho nangemva kokuchayeka isikhathi eside emanzini. Enye inzuzo yoboya "ukungahambisani nokucabanga" kwayo. Umehluko phakathi kwekhava lasehlobo nobusika mncane kakhulu. Umbala wesilwane ungaba nsundu, ube bomvu ngokukhanyayo, ube nsundu futhi ube mnyama. Umbala usatshalaliswa ngokulingana, esiswini kuphela ungakhanya kancane.

Izimbumba zinomlomo omncane, izindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga. Isifonyo sihlanzeke kancane ngaphezulu, nezindlebe zinokubukeka okuyindilinga futhi aziveli ngaphansi koboya. Ukuphinywa phakathi kwezinzwani kuyabizwa. Agqame kakhulu emilenzeni yangemuva. Futhi, lezi zilwane zibonakala ngokuba khona kwendawo emhlophe. Imvamisa ibekwa esilevini, kepha nasesifubeni.

Uhlala kuphi umink?

Isithombe: I-mink yaseMelika

Phambilini indawo yokuhlala ama-mink ibibanzi ngokwanele. Isuka eFinland iye emithambekeni yezintaba zase-Ural. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izilwane zasakazeka kulo lonke elaseFrance naseSpain. Noma kunjalo, kuningi okushintshile kusukela lapho. Abamele umndeni weasel baya ngokuncipha. Inani labo lehle kakhulu kunendawo yokuhlala engokomlando, futhi kwezinye izindawo lezi zilwane zanyamalala ngokuphelele.

Namuhla, indawo yokuhlala esemthethweni yeminki yaseYurophu iqukethe izingcezu eziningana: i-Ukraine neRussia, enyakatho yeSpain, entshonalanga yeFrance, nezinye izindawo zaseRomania. Lesi silwane singatholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayinkulungwane namakhulu amabili ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Izinhlobo zaseMelika zivamile eNyakatho Melika. Kodwa-ke, yethulwa naseYurophu naseNyakatho ye-Asia. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, kuye kwangeniswa amazwe angaphezulu kuka-4000 mink aseMelika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lukhuliswa ngenkuthalo emapulazini ahlukahlukene anoboya.

Ezindaweni zokuhlala zanamuhla, inani lezinki lincipha kakhulu. Okuhlukile kungabizwa ngeRomania kanye nezifunda eziningana zaseRussia: i-Arkhangelsk, iVologda, iTver. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi bakhathazekile ngokuthi kungekudala, nalapho, inani lalezi zilwane lizoqala ukwehla. Ama-mink aseYurophu ayanyamalala hhayi kuphela ngenxa yemvelo embi noma ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, kepha ngenxa yokwanda okusheshayo kwezinhlobo zaseMelika.

Idlani imink?

Isithombe: Mink emnyama

Ukudla kwansuku zonke kwe-mink kungaqukatha:

• Amagundane afana namagundane: amagundane amanzi, amagundane asensimini;
• Inhlanzi. Izilwane ngeke zizinikele kuma-perches, minnows, trout. Ngokuvamile, zingadla cishe noma iyiphi inhlanzi;
• Izilwane zasolwandle: ama-crayfish, ama-molluscs, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene zasolwandle;
• Ama-Amphibians: onoshobishobi, izikele ezincane, amaxoxo, amaqanda.

Izilwane ezihlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala zivame ukuvakashela abantu ukuze zithole okuthile. Bangena ngesinyenyela emashedeni, ezindlini zezinkukhu futhi babambe izinkukhu ngobuciko. Uma isilwane silambile kakhulu, khona-ke kungenzeka singabi namahloni ngodoti wokudla komuntu. Kodwa-ke, iningi lamalungu omndeni lisathanda ukudla ukudla okusha. Uma kungenjalo, khona-ke bangabulawa yindlala, kepha kungabi ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezine.

Iminki ivame ukubonakala ezihlahleni. Lapho, bangadla amaqanda ezinyoni. I-mink ejwayelekile idla cishe amagremu angamakhulu amabili okudla ngosuku, mhlawumbe okusha. Uma ngesikhathi sokuzingela isilwane sithola isisulu esikhulu, khona-ke singakushiya ngezikhathi ezilambile noma ebusika. Isisulu sicashe endaweni yokukhosela ekhethekile.

Amaminki ayizidlakela ezinamandla. Kodwa-ke, uma kuzingelwa kungaphumeleli, bangadla ukudla okungajwayelekile kubo isikhathi esithile: amajikijolo, izimpande, amakhowe, imbewu. Uma isilwane sifuyiwe, khona-ke abantu basondla ngokudla okukhethekile (okomile nokumanzi) nezibopho zezinhlanzi.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Mink isilwane

Ama-mink ahlala kakhulu ezindaweni zamahlathi, hhayi kude nemithombo yamanzi: imifula, amadamu, amachibi. Zikhetha ukuhlala, zizalele futhi zizingele ezindaweni ezincane neziminyene. Ezindaweni ezisuliwe, emabhishi nasezindaweni ezivulekile, empeleni aziveli. Ziyathanda ukwakha izidleke zazo ezihlahleni zomhlanga nasezihlahleni.

Isilwane sizakhela imingxuma sisodwa noma sisebenzisa izimbobo esezivele zisikhona emhlabathini: ukuminywa kwemvelo, imifantu emincane, imisele yegundane eshiyiwe noma imigodi. Isilwane sisebenzisa ikhaya laso njalo. Angayishiya ezimweni ezimbili kuphela: isikhukhula, ukungabi nokudla ngenkathi yasebusika.

Imigodi ivame ukuba mincane, kepha yehlukaniswe yaba izingxenye eziningana. Kunendawo enkulu yokulala, indlu yangasese kanye nokuphuma okuningana. Ukuphuma okukodwa kudlulela emthonjeni wamanzi, okwesibili kuya ehlathini. Imigodi ifakwe ngaphakathi ngezinto zemvelo ezisebenzisekayo: izimpaphe, ubulembu, amaqabunga, utshani obomile.

Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ngokwesifundo sokuziphatha esivela eminyakeni yama-60s, ama-mink anekhono lokufunda ngokubuka eliphakeme kakhulu. Badlule amakati, ama-skunks nama-ferrets kuleli khono.

Ukuphakama komsebenzi walesi silwane kusebusuku. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuzingela ebusuku kungaphumelelanga, imink ingasebenza emini. Isilwane sichitha isikhathi esiningi emhlabathini futhi sifuna ukudla. Ebusika, lezi zilwane ziphoqeleka ukuba zihambe kakhulu, ngoba kuba nzima ukuthola ukudla okufanelekile. Futhi, isilwane sinikela ngesikhathi esiningi sokubhukuda. Idlula amabanga amade emanzini, ekujuleni, ekubambeni ngobuciko izinhlanzi nezilwane eziphila ezweni.

Uhlobo lwezidlakela zasendle alunabo ubungani, kepha alunalo ulaka. Ama-Mink akhetha indlela yokuphila eyedwa futhi kuyaqabukela asondele kubantu. Kunzima kakhulu ukubona isilwane esinjalo sisekuthunjweni. Izinyathelo zemikhondo kuphela ezisenhlabathini ezingakhombisa ubukhona bayo.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: Minks ngokwemvelo

Isikhathi sokukhwelana seminingi ngokuvamile siqala ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli. Ngalesi sikhathi, izilwane ziyasebenza kakhulu. Abesilisa abaningana bangajaha insikazi eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye. Ziyancintisana, ziyahlekisa ngokuhlekisa. Kwesinye isikhathi izimpi ezinolaka zenzekela intokazi yenhliziyo. Lapho owesifazane evundiswa, owesilisa uyamshiya. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, abantu abadala bahlala ngokwehlukana.

Konke ukukhulelwa kwesilwane sowesifazane kuhlala isikhathi esifushane - cishe izinsuku ezingamashumi amane. Inzalo ivame ukuzalwa ngoMeyi. Insikazi izala izingane ezingeqi kweziyisikhombisa ngasikhathi sinye. Maphakathi nehlobo, izilwane ezincane zifinyelela cishe isigamu sobukhulu bomuntu omdala. Ngo-Agasti, zikhula zize zibe ngosayizi wazo wokugcina. Ngasikhathi sinye, insikazi iyeka ukondla amawundlu ngobisi. Bafunda ukuzitholela ukudla bebodwa, ukudla kwabo kuphenduka inyama ngokuphelele. Ngekwindla, inzalo ishiya imbobo kamama.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-Mink afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngezinyanga eziyishumi. Kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu, lezi zilwane zinezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuzala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuzala kwabesifazane kuyehla kancane kancane.

Isikhathi sokuphila sezilwane ezidlayo ezincane asidluli eminyakeni eyishumi. Kodwa-ke, ekuthunjweni, ama-mink angaphila isikhathi eside kakhulu - ngaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Zivumelana ngokushesha nezimo zasekhaya, kepha noma sekuphele iminyaka eminingi azithambisi ngokuphelele.

Izitha zemvelo zeminki

Isithombe: Mink isilwane

Izitha zemvelo zemink zihlanganisa:

• Izilwane ezincelisayo ezidlayo. Isilwane esincane singabulawa sidliwe yizo zonke izilwane ezidla ezinye ezinkudlwana futhi ezinamandla kunaso. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-lynx, izimpungushe, amabhere, izimpisi. Kodwa imvamisa imink iba yisisulu se-otter yomfula. I-otter ibhukuda kangcono futhi ihlala eduze kwemink, ngakho-ke iyabanjwa ngobuciko ebusuku naphakathi nosuku. Ama-Otter angadli hhayi kuphela nomuntu omdala, kodwa futhi nenzalo yakhe;
• Izinyoni ezidla inyama. Ngokuyisisekelo, izitha yizinyoni ezinkulu: izikhova, izikhova zokhozi, oklebe. Lapho isilwane sizingela amagundane ebusuku, isikhova noma isikhova singazibamba sona, kanti uklebe ungabamba imink emini;
• Iminki yaseMelika. Ama-mink anomncintiswano we-interspecies. Njengoba izazi zezilwane zathola, izinhlobo zaseMelika ngenhloso zonakalisa eyaseYurophu ngenhloso yokuzikhulula yona nezihlobo zayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuvela kwesihambeli saphesheya kwezilwandle kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukushintsha ukunaka kwabazingeli kusuka kwiminki yaseYurophu;
• Okomuntu. Isitha esiyingozi kakhulu, esichitha lezi zilwane ngamabomu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi singaqondile. Namuhla, ukuphela kwento esindisa imink ekufeni ukuthi aqale ukutshalwa emapulazini akhethekile ukuthola uboya.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngokusho kososayensi bezinto eziphilayo, ama-mink awavame ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ezidlayo. Izici eziyinhloko eziholela ekufeni kwezilwane indlala, izifo nezinambuzane.

Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo

Isithombe: Mink ehlobo

Iminks ingumthombo oyinhloko woboya. Uboya bazo buthakazelelwa ngokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu, ukuguquguquka kwemvelo, nokumelana nokushisa. Ngokuya ngekhwalithi, uboya be-mink yaseMelika buthathwa njengobuphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo. Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, uboya babutholwa ngokukhethekile ngokuzingela izilwane. Abazingeli ngobuciko babeka izingibe ebusika, babamba abantu abadala futhi bathola izikhumba zabo. Konke lokhu kwaholela ekwehleni okusheshayo kwesibalo se-mink endaweni yabo engokomlando.

Ngokushesha, iminks yanyamalala ezifundeni eziningi, futhi ukuzingela kwaphela ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabantu enanini loboya. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ama-mink akhiqizwa ekuthunjweni. Futhi namuhla umthombo oyinhloko woboya amapulazi anoboya, hhayi abantu bemvelo bezilwane. Lokhu kuthuthukise kakhulu isimo ngenani lama-minks endle, kepha abakwazanga ukusixazulula ngokuphelele.

Isibalo salezi zilwane sisancipha. Lokhu kuthonywa yizici ezahlukahlukene: ukungcoliswa kwemizimba yamanzi, ukuthunjwa kwezilwane, umbango ocacile we-interspecific. Njengamanje, ama-minks ase-Europe abhalwe ku-Red Data Books ezindaweni eziningi ezihlukanisiwe zemvelo, i-IUCN Red Data Book. Akuvunyelwe ukuzingela lezi zilwane emazweni amaningi omhlaba, inani lazo nendawo ezihlala kuyo zingaphansi kokuvikelwa okwengeziwe.

Ukuvikelwa kweMink

Isithombe: Mink Red Book

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, iminks ibilokhu isisulu sabazingeli ngoboya obuhle, obufudumele, obubizayo. Njengomphumela walokhu, izinhlobo zaseYurophu zehle kakhulu, njengoba kunjalo nasendaweni yayo yokusabalalisa emhlabeni wonke. Kuze kube manje, kukhona ukuvinjelwa okuqinile ekubambeni lezi zilwane. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungenzeka ukumisa ukuqothulwa okusheshayo kwama-minks, kepha inkinga isaphuthuma - inani lesilwane alikhuli, kepha lincipha kancane kancane.

Izinhlobo ze-mink zaseYurophu zifakwe ohlwini lweRed Data Book kusukela ngonyaka we-1996. Kubhekwa njengengozi ezindaweni zeRiphabhlikhi yaseBashkortostan, eKomi, e-Orenburg, eNovgorod, eTyumen nakwezinye izindawo eziningi zaseRussia.

Ukonga lezi zinhlobo, kwethulwe lezi zindlela ezilandelayo zokuvikela:

• Ukwenqabela ukudubula. Ngoboya, izilwane ezinjalo manje sezifuywa emapulazini akhethekile anoboya;
• Ukuzalela ekuthunjweni nokukhululwa okulandelayo ezindaweni ezivikelwe. Ososayensi bazama ukuvimbela ukuphela kwezilwane, bazalele ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile, bese bezidedela ziye endle;
• Ukwethulwa kokuvinjelwa kokucekelwa phansi kwezimila zasogwini. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze izindawo lapho lezi zilwane zingahlala futhi zizalane khona;
• Izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zokuzala, izinhlelo zokongiwa kofuzo eSpain, Germany, France;
• Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwenani lezilwane endaweni yazo yemvelo, ukuzinza kwabantu.

Mink - isilwane esincane, esihlakaniphile futhi esiguquguqukayo esinoboya obuhle. Yiyona nto yokudoba esemqoka emhlabeni wonke. Emvelweni wemvelo, izinhlobo ze-mink zaseYurophu zincipha kancane kancane, zithathelwa indawo ezaseMelika, ezinoboya obubaluleke kakhulu futhi obusezingeni eliphakeme. Ngalesi sizathu, amazwe angaphansi kwendawo yemvelo yezinkawu abophezelekile ukuthatha zonke izindlela zokugcina isilwane esidla kakhulu kunazo zonke.

Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03/29/2019

Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.09.2019 ngo-11: 25