Okapi Isilo esimangalisayo. Ifana nedube, inyamazane, futhi kufana ncamashà ne-anteater, ifana nepuzzle ehlanganiswe ngokungafanele. Uma uqala ukuhlangana nesilo, kuphakama umbuzo: livele kanjani ihhashi elinje? Futhi yihhashi? Ososayensi bathi cha. U-Okapi uyisihlobo esikude sendlulamithi. Izakhamizi zase-equatorial Africa sezisazi isilwane esiyisimangaliso izinkulungwane zeminyaka, kepha abaseYurophu basazi kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 nele-20.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Okapi
Kusacwaningwa ngomlando wokuthuthukiswa kwe-okapi njengohlobo, cishe akunalwazi ngemvelaphi yalolu hlobo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ososayensi baseLondon bathola izinsalela zesilwane. Ukuhlaziywa kokuqala kukhombisile ukuthi abukho ubudlelwano nehhashi. Okwesibili ukuthi ukhokho osondelene kakhulu ka-okapi nendlulamithi wafa kudala. Ayikho idatha entsha etholakele engaphikisa noma iguqule imininingwane etholwe abaseBrithani.
Ividiyo: Okapi
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, abomdabu baseCongo bakhuluma ngezilwane zasendle ezifana namahhashi kumhambi uG. Stanley. Ngokwesisekelo semibiko yakhe, umbusi wekoloni laseNgilandi lase-Uganda, uJohnston, waqala uphenyo olusebenzayo. Nguye owanika izazi zesayensi izikhumba ze-okapi ukuze zifunde. Kwaphela izinyanga eziyisithupha, lesi silwane, esisha e-Europe, sabizwa ngokusemthethweni "ngehhashi likaJohnston". Kodwa ukuhlaziywa kwezinsalela kukhombisile ukuthi i-okapi yayingahlobene nehhashi noma enye inhlobo eyaziwayo. Igama loqobo "okapi" laba semthethweni.
Ososayensi bathi lesi silwane sisesigabeni sezilwane ezincelisayo, i-artiodactyl order, i-subumin ekhanyayo. Ngokuya ngokufana okukhona kwamathambo kokhokho bezindlulamithi abangasekho, i-okapi ihlukaniswa njengelungu lomndeni wendlulamithi. Kodwa uhlobo nezinhlobo zakhe kungokwakhe, ihhashi langaphambili likaJohnston nguyena kuphela omele uhlobo lwe-okapi.
Uhlu lozalo lwesilwane lunabamele ababili bomndeni wendlulamithi, okungakwenzi kube lula ukufunda kwalo. Phakathi nekhulu lama-20, ama-zoo emhlabeni wonke aye akhuthaza ukuthunjwa kwezilwane ukuze athole ilukuluku emaqoqweni azo. U-Okapi unamahloni ngendlela engajwayelekile futhi akahambisani nezilwane ezinengcindezi, amawundlu nabantu abadala bafe ekuthunjweni. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1920, i-zoo enkulu kunazo zonke eBelgium yakwazi ukudala izimo lapho i-Tele female yayihlala khona iminyaka engu-15, yabe isibulawa yindlala phakathi neMpi Yezwe II.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Animal okapi
Ukubukeka kwesilo esimangalisayo sase-Afrika kuhlukile. Inombala onsundu, inamathoni kusuka koshokholethi omnyama kuye kobomvu. Imilenze imhlophe ngemivimbo emnyama engxenyeni engenhla, ikhanda limhlophe mpunga futhi linendawo enkulu ensundu engxenyeni engenhla, umjikelezo womlomo nekhala elikhulu elenziwe limnyama. Umsila onsundu onentshakaza ubude bawo bube ngamasentimitha angama-40. Akukho shintsho olubushelelezi kusuka kumbala uye kumbala, iziqhingi zoboya bomthunzi owodwa zilinganiselwe ngokusobala.
Abesilisa banezimpondo ezincane, okusikisela ubudlelwano nendlulamithi. Unyaka nonyaka amathiphu ezimpondo ayawa kukhule amasha. Ukukhula kwezilwane cishe kuyimitha elilodwa nohhafu, kuyilapho intamo imfushane kunalesihlobo, kodwa ibonakele ngokusobala. Abesifazane ngokwesiko bade ngamasentimitha ambalwa futhi abanazimpondo. Isisindo somuntu omdala singama-250 kg, inkonyane elisanda kuzalwa lingama-30 kg. Isilwane sifinyelela kubude obungamamitha amabili noma ngaphezulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Umbala oluhlaza okotshani, njengendlulamithi, ulimi lwe-okapi lufinyelela ku-35 cm ubude.Isilwane esihlanzekile singageza kalula ukungcola emehlweni nasezindlebeni.
U-Okapi akanawo amathuluzi okumelana nomzingeli. Ukuphela kwendlela yokusinda ukuthi ubaleke. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kumnikeze ukuzwa okubukhali, kumvumela ukuthi azi ngokusondela kwengozi kusengaphambili. Izindlebe zikhulu, zihlangene, ziyamangaza ukuhamba. Ukugcina ukuhlanzeka kwezindlebe, ukuzihlanza njalo ngolimi, isilo siphoqeleka ukuthi sigcine ukuzwa kwaso okuhle. Inhlanzeko ingenye indlela yokuvikela umhlaseli.
Abamele lezi zinhlobo abanayo imicu yezwi. Baphefumulela phezulu umoya, bakhipha umsindo ofana nokukhwehlela noma ikhwela. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zisebenzisa i-mooing kaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-okapi ayinayo i-gallbladder. Enye indlela isiphenduke izikhwama ezikhethekile ngemuva kwezihlathi, lapho isilwane singabeka khona ukudla isikhashana.
Uhlala kuphi u-okapi?
Isithombe: Okapi e-Afrika
Indawo yokuhlala ngokulinganiselwe ilinganiselwe. Endle, amahhashi angaphambili kaJohnston atholakala kuphela engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yeDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, ukutholakala kwe-okapi kwadlulela endaweni yomngcele wezwe elingumakhelwane - i-Uganda. Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi ngokuphelele kuhamba kancane kuxosha izilwane ezindaweni zazo ezijwayelekile. Futhi ama-okapis anamahloni awakwazi ukuthola ikhaya elisha.
Izilwane zikhetha indawo yokuhlala ngokucophelela. Kufanele kube yindawo evundile ecishe ibe ikhilomitha ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Izilwane azihloli inkomba yokugcina, ngokuthembela kumzwelo wemvelo. Ithafa liyingozi kubo; kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukubona ihhashi lasehlathini endaweni engenalutho. I-Okapi ihlala ezindaweni ezigcwele amahlahla amade, lapho kulula khona ukufihla nokuzwa isilwane esidabula phakathi kwamagatsha.
Amahlathi emvula asenkabeni ye-Afrika abe yindawo efanelekile yokuhlala i-okapi. Izilwane ezikhethiwe zikhetha ikhaya hhayi kuphela ngenani lezihlahla, kodwa futhi nokuphakama kwamaqabunga akhula kuzo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi amahlathi abe nendawo enkulu - umhlambi awuhlali enqwabeni, umuntu ngamunye unekona elihlukile. Ekuthunjweni, izimo zokusinda kwe-okapi zenziwe ngokuqamba.
Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa:
- I-aviary emnyama enendawo encane ekhanyisiwe;
- Ukungabikho kwezinye izilwane eduze;
- Ukudla okuhambisanayo okuvela emaqabungeni adliwe ngumuntu endle;
- Kumama onengane - ikona elimnyama elingisa ihlathi elijulile, nokuthula okuphelele;
- Ukuxhumana okuncane nomuntu kuze kube yilapho umuntu esejwayele ngokuphelele izimo ezintsha;
- Izimo zezulu ezijwayelekile - ukushintsha okungazelelwe kokushisa kungabulala isilwane.
Kunama-zoo angaphansi kwama-50 emhlabeni lapho kuhlala khona i-okapi. Ukuzalanisa inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi entekenteke. Kodwa umphumela kwaba ukwanda esikhathini sokuphila kwesilwane kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi likhona isikhathi esingakanani ihhashi lasehlathini lenkululeko, ososayensi bayavumelana ngesikhawu seminyaka engama-20 - 25.
Udla ini i-okapi?
Isithombe: Okapi - indlulamithi yasehlathini
Ukudla kuka-Okapi, okufana nendlulamithi, kwenziwa ngamaqabunga, amahlumela, izithelo. Indlulamithi ende kakhulu, engathandi ukugoba phansi, ikhetha izihlahla ezinde noma amagatsha aphezulu ezijwayelekile. I-Okapi, ngokuphakama kwe-European average, incamela ukondla kuze kufike kumamitha ama-3 ngaphezulu komhlaba. Uthatha igatsha lesihlahla noma isihlahla ngolimi lwakhe olude bese edonsela amaqabunga emlonyeni wakhe. Uncike emhlabathini uqobo, ukhipha utshani obuthambile obuthambile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Imenyu ye-okapi iqukethe izitshalo ezinobuthi namakhowe anobuthi. Ukunciphisa imiphumela yezinto ezinobungozi, badla amalahle. Izihlahla ezishe zasha ngemuva kwesiteleka sombani ngokushesha ziba yinto ethakazelisa kakhulu kuma-gourmets asehlathini.
Ukudla kuka-Okapi kufaka izinhlobo ezingama-30 kuya kwezingu-100 zezitshalo ezishisayo, kufaka phakathi ama-fern, izithelo ngisho namakhowe. Bathola amaminerali odakeni olusogwini, abalidla ngokucophelela okukhulu - izindawo ezivulekile nokusondela emanzini kuyingozi enkulu. Izilwane zidla emini. Ukuphuma ebusuku akuvamile kakhulu futhi kuyadingeka ngokuphuthumayo.
Izilwane zidla, kanye nokulala, ngokucophelela okukhulu. Izindlebe zabo zithatha i-rustle, futhi imilenze yabo ilungele ukugijima nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sokudla. Ngakho-ke, abantu bakwazile ukutadisha imikhuba yokudla ye-okapi kuphela ema-zoo. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala zokuphila, izingane zondla ubisi, ngemuva kwalokho zingaqhubeka nokondla kunina noma zikuyeke ngokuphelele.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lwe-okapis encane lufaka ubisi lukamama ngaphandle kwezinsalela. Amantshontsho awayishiyi imfucumfucu evumela ukuthi ingabonakali ezilwaneni eziyizilwane.
Ukugcina izilwane e-zoo kudinga ukunakekelwa. Ngemuva kokubamba, abantu abadala besaba kakhulu, futhi uhlelo lwabo lwezinzwa alulungiswa ukucindezeleka. Kungenzeka ukuthi usindise impilo yesilwane ngokulingisa izimo zokuphila endle. Lokhu kusebenza nasekudlaleni. Imenyu ecatshangwe ngokucophelela yamaqabunga, efihlekile, izithelo namakhowe isiza abantu ukuthambisa i-okapi. Kungemva kokuba umuntu esejwayele abantu, idluliselwa e-zoo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Okapi isilwane sase-Afrika
U-Okapi unamahloni ngendlela emangalisayo. Abantu bathola ulwazi ngokuziphatha kwabo kwansuku zonke ekuthunjweni kuphela. Akunakwenzeka ukubuka inani labantu ebangeni elikhulu le-Afrika emaphakathi - izimpi eziqhubekayo zenza noma yikuphi ukuhambela kwesayensi kube yingozi ezimpilweni zabacwaningi. Izingxabano ziphinde zithinte inani lezilwane: abazingeli abangekho emthethweni bangena eziqiwini futhi bakhe izingibe zezilwane ezibalulekile.
Futhi ekuthunjweni, izilwane ziziphatha ngendlela ehlukile. Ngokwakha isigaba sobukhosi esicacile, abesilisa balwela ubukhulu. Ukweqa abanye abantu abanezimpondo nezinselo, owesilisa onamandla kunabo bonke usho amandla akhe ngokwelula intamo yakhe phezulu. Abanye bavame ukukhothama phansi. Kepha le ndlela yokuxhumana ayijwayelekile kuma-okapis, angcono kakhulu ezindaweni ezivalekile. Okuhlukile kwenziwa ngomama abanezinsana.
Okulandelayo kuyaziwa ngokuziphatha kwe-okapi ku-vivo:
- Umuntu ngamunye uhlala endaweni ethile, azidlele yena ngokuzimela;
- Abesifazane banamathela kwimingcele ecacile, bangavumeli abantu abangabazi ezintweni zabo;
- Abesilisa abanandaba nemingcele, bavame ukudlisa eduze;
- Umuntu uphawula izinto zakhe ngosizo lwezindlala ezinamakha emilenzeni nasezinsikeni, kanye nomchamo;
- Insikazi inganqamula ngokukhululekile endaweni yowesilisa. Uma enezinyane naye, akayona ingozi kummeleli omkhulu;
- Ukunamathela kukanina enganeni kunamandla amakhulu, uvikela ingane okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha ngemuva kokuzalwa;
- Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, kwakheka amabhangqa ahlukane kalula ngokushesha lapho owesifazane ezwa isidingo sokuvikela umntwana;
- Ngezikhathi ezithile bakha amaqembu abantu abaningana, okungenzeka baye emgodini wokunisela. Kodwa akukho ukuqinisekiswa kwalesi sizathu;
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Okapi Cub
U-Okapi akadingi mholi. Ukuphindisela ukuhlaselwa kwezitha, ukuvikela insimu kulabo esincintisana nabo, ukukhulisa inzalo ndawonye - konke lokhu akuyona imvelo yamahhashi asehlathini. Zikhethele isiqeshana sehlathi, usimake futhi udlise kuze kufike isikhathi sokuqalisa - yile ndlela izilwane eziqaphile eziziphatha ngayo. Ngokuphatha ngasese indawo encane, ama-okapi azwelayo azinikeza ukuthula ngakubo, anciphisa amathuba ezitha zokuzingela ngempumelelo.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana senzeka ngoMeyi-Julayi, lapho owesilisa nowesilisa behlangana kancane ukwenza amapheya. Ezinyangeni eziyi-15 ezilandelayo, owesifazane uzala umbungu. Izingane zizalwa ngenkathi yemvula kusukela ngasekupheleni kwehlobo kuze kube phakathi nasekwindla. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinesisindo esingu-14 kg, ezinkulu - kuze kufike ku-30. Ubaba akekho ngesikhathi sokubeletha, akazizwa enesithakazelo emndenini omusha. Kodwa-ke, owesifazane ojwayele inkululeko uhlangabezana nokubanda komlingani wakhe ngaphandle kwemizwa.
Ezinsukwini zokugcina zokukhulelwa, umama okhulelwe ungena ehlathini ehlathini eyofuna indawo evulekile, emnyama. Lapho ushiya ingane, futhi izinsuku ezimbalwa ezizayo zifika kuye ukuzondla. Ingane esanda kuzalwa igobhoza emaqabungeni awile bese iba yiqhwa, ngumnikazi wokuzwa okapi obucayi kuphela ongamthola. Ingane yenza imisindo efana neyokukhala ukuze kube lula ngomama ukuyithola.
Ukubumbana kwalezi zithandani kuzoba umona ngopholi bezinyoni zothando. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, i-okapi encane ikhula ngokoqobo iye kumama futhi imlandele yonke indawo. Lo idyll womndeni uhlala isikhathi esingakanani, indoda ayazi. Amawundlu ezinsikazi ayavuthwa ngokocansi ngemuva konyaka owodwa nohhafu, abesilisa abancane bafika kulokhu ezinyangeni ezingama-28 zokuphila. Kodwa-ke, ukuvuthwa kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yiminyaka emi-3.
Izitha zemvelo zika-okapi
Isithombe: Okapi
U-Okapi akanabo abangane. Basaba noma yini eyenza imisindo nephunga, noma imane iphose isithunzi. Ezingeni lezitha eziyingozi kakhulu, ingwe ithatha indawo yokuqala. Ikati elikhulu lomndeni wama-panther linyonyobela isisulu buthule, futhi likhula ngesivinini esikhulu ekulandeleni. Umuzwa ojulile ka-Okapi wokunuka uvumela ukuthi ubone ingwe icashe, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kwenzeka sekwephuze kakhulu.
Izimpisi nazo ziyingozi ku-okapi. Laba bazingeli basebusuku bazingela bodwa noma ngamaphakethe aholwa ngowesifazane oholayo. Ama-okapis amakhulu adlula izimpisi ngokwevolumu nangesisindo, kepha izidlakela ezihlakaniphile zigadla inyamazane ngokuluma okukodwa okunamandla entanyeni. Ngaphandle kokulala kancane, amahhashi asehlathini akhona ekudleni kwama-hyena, okudla kwawo kwasemini kuqala phakathi kwamabili. Izici zesisu somzingeli zivumela ukudla umdlalo omkhulu ngaphandle kokulandela, ngisho nezimpondo nezinselo kuyasetshenziswa.
Kwesinye isikhathi amabhubesi ahlasela i-okapi. Kuleli kati, ama-artiodactyls we-herbivorous isidlo esithandayo. Endaweni yaseDR Congo, izimo zezulu zivumela izilwane ezidla ezinye ukuthi zizizwe zikhululekile. Amabhubesi aphansi kunezingwe ekubeni nekhono lokuhamba buthule, futhi lokhu kuvumela i-okapi ukuthi iwele ezandleni zayo kaningi. Ekuzingeleni amahlathi, izilwane ezidla ezinye cishe azinawo amathuba okubamba inyamazane esheshayo, futhi ama-okapisi aqaphile kuyaqabukela ephumela ezindaweni ezivulekile.
Umonakalo omkhulu kunani labantu be-okapi ubangelwa ngabantu. Inani labazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho inyama yenyama kanye nesikhumba sevelvethi yesilwane. Abantu base-Afrika abakwazi ukwehlula isisulu empini evulekile, ngakho-ke bakha izingibe ezindaweni zokuhlala izilwane ezidla utshani. Ukuqhubeka nokuzingelwa kwe-okapi kuyaqhubeka, yize umphakathi womhlaba wonke uzame ukuyivimba.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ama-zoo, azama ngokungacabangi ukuthola i-okapi ezintweni zawo, ayengazi ukuthi angawagcina kanjani ephila ekuthunjweni. Imizamo yokuthola inzalo ngaphakathi kwama-zoo yagcina yehlulekile kwaze kwaba ngama-60s. Abantu abazama ukwenza imali bavame ukuba nonya.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Animal okapi
Abantu bezinhlobo bancipha ngokushesha. Ngenxa yemfihlo yezilwane, kwakunzima ukubala inani lazo ngesikhathi sokutholakala kohlobo. Kodwa-ke, noma kunjalo kwakwaziwa ukuthi imibhoshongo yabaqothula ngamanani amakhulu. Isikhumba se-Okapi sinombala omuhle ngokungajwayelekile, sivelivethi uma usithinta, ngakho bekulokhu kunesidingo saso. Inyama yezilwane nayo ayishiyanga abathandi abangenandaba bokudla okumnandi.
Ngo-2013, inani lezilwane zasendle ezihlala endle lalinganiselwa kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-30-50. Ekuqaleni kuka-2019, kwakusele eziyizi-10 000. Isibalo se-okapi esihlala ema-zoo asidluli amashumi amahlanu. Kusukela ngoSepthemba 2018, lolu hlobo alufakiwe kwiRed Book, kepha lokhu kuyindaba yesikhathi kuphela. Izindlela zokongiwa kwemvelo zicishe zingaphumeleli ngenxa yesimo esinzima sezepolitiki eDR Congo - ukuphela kwendawo yokuhlala i-okapi endle.
Kukhona izindawo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo endaweni kahulumeni. Inhloso yokudalwa kwabo ukugcina inani labantu be-okapi. Kodwa-ke, amaqembu ahlomile abahlali baseDR Congo ahlala ephula ukubhukha futhi aqhubeka nokubeka izingibe zezilwane. Ngokuvamile isisulu sezenzo ezinjalo zonya ukudla. Abantu badla izilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, futhi kunzima ukuziyeka. Ngaphezu kwabazingeli be-okapi, izinqolobane zibuye zihehe abazingeli begolide nezinyo lendlovu.
Esinye isizathu sokwehla kwesibalo sabantu ukwehla kwezimo zokuphila. Ukuqedwa kwamahlathi ngokushesha sekuholele ekunyamalaleni kwe-okapi emahlathini ase-Uganda. Manje isimo siyaphindwa emahlathini asenyakatho-mpumalanga yeDR Congo. Ayikwazi ukusinda ngaphandle kwehlathi, i-okapi izobhujiswa ngaphandle kokuthi uhulumeni waleli zwe elikhungethwe yimpi athathe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo. Umphakathi wezesayensi womhlaba wonke uzama ukufaka ingcindezi kuMongameli wase-DR Congo uFelix Chisekedi.
Ngaphakathi kwemingcele yokuba khona kwe-okapi, izakhamizi zakule ndawo zizakhele amaphuzu okubanjwa kwezilwane ngokusemthethweni. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kososayensi ema-zoo, izilwane ziphila isikhathi eside kunasendle. Ukuqothulwa kwamalungu omndeni wendlulamithi kungavinjelwa ngokuwanikeza indawo yokuhlala ephephile. ICentral Africa ayinazo izimo ezinjalo, futhi asikho isidingo sokulinda ukuxazululwa okusheshayo kwezingxabano ezempi ezweni.
U-Okapi uyisilo esimangazayo. Umbala ongajwayelekile, isikhumba esi-velvety-brown esinamathinki, ukuzwa okubucayi okumangazayo nephunga - konke lokhu kwenza ihhashi lasehlathini lihluke.Ukukhetha ngokuhlala kwabo, ukudla, ngisho nangomunye nomunye, babhekana nezinkinga eziningi empilweni yansuku zonke. Kepha kunzima ukuthola abamele izilwane abazimele nabazimele. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuqothulwa kohlobo. Okapi - isilo esiwusizo kumvelo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03/10/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/25/2019 ngo-21: 58
