IJerboa enkulu yisilwane esimangalisayo esaziwa ngesitayela saso sokugijima esihlukile. Elinye igama lesilwane unogwaja wobumba. Lezi zilwane zikhulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezikhona ze-jerboa. Isilwane sihlukaniswa ngokuqapha okukhulu, ngokwesaba futhi sihola indlela yokuphila efihliwe. Mayelana nalokhu, abaningi abacabangi ngisho nokuthi hlobo luni lwesilwane nokuthi lubukeka kanjani.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: I-jerboa enkulu
I-jerboa enkulu ingeye-rodentia oda yamagundane futhi iyilungu lomndeni wezinzwane ezinhlanu. Ngokusho kwedatha yomlando, okhokho bama-jerboas wanamuhla bahlala emhlabeni cishe kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwawo. Kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi ngesikhathi se-Oligocene babevele bekhona emhlabeni wethu, futhi lokhu kuyiminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-33 - 24 edlule!
Cishe, ababengaphambi kwakudala bama-jerboas abavela endaweni yase-Asia bafudukela endaweni yaseNyakatho Afrika, kanye naseYurophu. Namuhla, cishe akukho bameleli balezi zinhlobo eYurophu. Ngaphandle, ama-jerboas afana kakhulu namagundane ajwayelekile ompunga. Ngokwemvelo, kuneziyishumi ezinhlanu zalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-jerboa enkulu yezilwane
Ngaphandle, ama-jerboas amakhulu ayafana namagundane ensimu empunga, ama-hares, nama-kangaroo. Banekhanda elikhulu eliyindilinga nentamo emfushane kakhulu elihlangana ngayo nalokho. Umlomo wesilwane uyindilinga, uvuleke kancane. Unamehlo amakhulu, aphezulu, anamehlo amnyama nekhala ngesimo sesiqeshana.
Kukhona ukudlidlizela okude, okunzima okuzungeze izihlathi. Ama-vibrises aklanyelwe ukunquma umzila wendlela, esebenza njengohlobo lwenzwa yokuhamba. Isici esihlukile sama-jerboas amakhulu izindlebe ezinkulu, ezinde, ngenxa yalokho abizwa ngokuthi yizidleke zobumba. Izindlebe zikaDina zingamasentimitha angu-5-7.
Ividiyo: I-jerboa enkulu
Futhi, lolu hlobo lwesilwane luhlukaniswa ngemihlathi enamandla, ethuthukile enamazinyo ayi-16 noma ayi-18. Ama-incisors asetshenziselwa ukucola ukudla kanye nokuxegisa inhlabathi lapho kumbiwe.
Ubukhulu bomzimba womuntu omdala:
- Ubude bomzimba - amasentimitha angu-18-27;
- I-dimorphism yezocansi ibizwa: abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane;
- Ubude bomsila buyisikhathi esisodwa nengxenye ubukhulu bomzimba futhi bungamasentimitha angama-24-30;
- Isisindo somzimba asidluli amagremu angamakhulu amathathu;
- Umsila omude, omncane wenza umsebenzi obalulekile wokulinganisa ngenkathi ugijima. Ekupheleni komsila kukhona intshakaza yoboya obuthambile, imvamisa imhlophe kakhulu. Umsila ubuye uyisitolo samafutha omzimba. Zisiza izilwane zisinde ebusika.
Izingalo zangaphambili zesilwane zifushane. Imilenze yangemuva mide kakhulu kunemilenze yangaphambili. Ubungako bawo buphindwe ka-3-4 ubukhulu bemilenze yangaphambili. Ama-jerboas amakhulu anezinyawo ezinamandla amakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ahamba kuphela emilenzeni yawo yangemuva. Ubude bonyawo bufinyelela amasentimitha ayishumi. Izitho zineminwe emihlanu. Izinzwani zokuqala nezesihlanu azithuthukisiwe kahle. Amathambo amathathu aphakathi eminwe akhula ndawonye abe munye, okuthiwa yi-tarsus. Iminwe inezinzipho ezinde.
Ijazi lesilwane liwugqinsi futhi lithambile, linombala ophuzi, ompunga, kuya ngesifunda esihlala kuso. Indawo yesihlathi ilula ukudlula isiqu. Kwabanye abantu, indawo yesihlathi icishe imhlophe. Ebusweni obungaphandle bemilenze yangemuva kunesiqeshana esikhanyayo soboya.
Ihlala kuphi ijezi enkulu?
Isithombe: Incwadi ebomvu ebomvu enkulu
Lo mmeli womndeni wama-jerboas anezinzwane ezinhlanu uhlala ezigodini ezisemaqeleni. Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, lezi zilwane zazihlala kude kakhulu nentshonalanga ye-Ukraine ziye endaweni ezizimele yaseChina. Kuze kube manje, indawo yokuhlala yesilwane incishiswe kakhulu ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala kwaso ngabantu.
Izindawo zokusatshalaliswa kwejerboa enkulu:
- insimu esempumalanga yeYurophu;
- Kazakhstan;
- izifunda ezisentshonalanga yeSiberia;
- unyawo lwentaba iTien Shan;
- unyawo lwezintaba zaseCaucasus;
- izifunda ezisenyakatho zoLwandle Olumnyama;
- izifunda ezisenyakatho zoLwandle iCaspian;
- unyawo lwezintaba zeAltai.
Insimu yama-steppes namahlathi asemahlathini ikhethwa njengezindawo zokuhlala. Bahlola umhlaba olinyiwe, wezolimo. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, ama-jerboas awakwazi ukuzakhela ikhaya eligcwele. Khetha izindawo ezinomhlabathi oqinile. Futhi, ungathola kaningi i-jerboa enkulu ezindaweni ezisogwini zemizimba yamanzi kasawoti, imifula emathafeni. Ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba kuyisici. Abantu bangakhuphukela ebangeni eliphakeme lamamitha ayinkulungwane nengxenye ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Ama-jerboas amakhulu athanda izindawo eziyizicaba ezinezimila ezingashadile, izimfunda, izinganono zamahlathi ephayini. Babhekwa njengezilwane ezingathobekile ngokwesimo sezulu nesimo sezulu, kanye nezimo zemvelo.
Idla ini ijezi enkulu?
Isithombe: I-jerboa enkulu
Ama-jerboas amakhulu abhekwa njengezilwane ezidliwayo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuvela komsila kufakazela ubuningi bokudla, isimo sempilo nokukhuluphala. Uma umsila uzacile futhi ama-vertebrae ebonakala ngokubonakalayo, isilwane sinomzimba omncane futhi sihlala cishe kusukela esandleni kuya emlonyeni. Uma umsila ubukeka uyindilinga futhi wondlekile, isilwane asikutholi ukudla. Nsuku zonke, isilwane sidinga ukudla okungenani amagremu angama-50-70 wokudla, kuya ngesisindo.
Isisekelo sokudla kwe-jerboa enkulu yile:
- Izinhlamvu;
- Izibungu zezinambuzane;
- Izithelo;
- Imbewu;
- Izimpande ezinhlobonhlobo zezimila.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lezi zilwane ezincane aziwaphuzi amanzi. Badla inani elidingekayo loketshezi oluvela ezimileni. UJerboas uyakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade eyofuna ukudla. Bahamba ikakhulu ezindleleni ezahlolwa ngaphambilini. Iyakwazi ukuhamba ibanga elingafika kumakhilomitha ayishumi. Izilwane zithanda ukuzitika ngamahansi anyanisi, ukuhlwanyela uphizi, i-steppe bluegrass, amakhabe, amakhabe.
Izilwane azikhethi kakhulu ngokudla. Uma zingekho izithako eziyizintandokazi, zingadla cishe konke okuzayo.
Babhekwa njengengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ebangeni lemvelo abahlala kulo. Basabalalisa imbewu endaweni yokuhamba kwabo, balawula inani lezinambuzane kule ndawo. Kodwa-ke, ngasikhathi sinye, bangaba yizifo zezifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi. Ukudla kungahluka kakhulu kuye ngesizini. Entwasahlobo bakhetha ukudla amahlumela amancane, izimila eziluhlaza okotshani. Uma kunezindawo zezolimo eduzane, zimba amasimu zifuna imbewu ebekwe phansi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Big jerboa (hare zobumba)
Ijerboa enkulu iyisilwane esizihlalela sodwa. Zivame ukusebenza kakhulu ebusuku. Ngesikhathi sasemini, bacasha kakhulu ezindlini zokukhosela ezenziwe - iminks. Akuvamile ukuba azishiye ngezikhathi zasemini. AmaJerboa burrows amele imigudu evundlile engu-5-6 metres ubude. Ekupheleni komhubhe kukhona isandiso ngesimo segumbi lesidleke.
Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, izindlu zamahhala zamahhala zivame ukuhlala. Ukujula kwendawo yokukhosela kunqunywa yisikhathi sonyaka. Ehlobo nasentwasahlobo, imigodi imbiwa ngokujula kwamasentimitha angama-50-110, ebusika - amasentimitha angu-140-220. Ngesikhathi sasemini, izilwane zimboza ukungena kwendawo yazo yokuhlala ngomhlaba. Umhubhe omude uneminyango eminingana engasasebenzi evuleka cishe ebusweni bomhlaba.
Indima enkulu ekwakhiweni kwezindawo zokukhosela idlalwa ngama-incisors angaphambili. Izitho zenza umsebenzi wokusiza. Umhlaba ombiwe uhamba ngamakhala, ngendlela efanayo nasezingulubeni. Amajerboas amakhulu alala ubusika bonke. Bacasha emgodini ukuze balale lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo kanye neqhwa lokuqala. I-Hibernation iphela ekupheleni kukaMashi.
Izinqolobane zamafutha zigxile endaweni yomsila zivumela ukudlulisa isikhathi sasebusika. Ngalesi sikhathi, abanye abantu balahlekelwa kufika ku-50% wesisindo somzimba wabo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngemuva kokuvuka, izindlebe zezilwane zehliswa. Zivuka kuphela lapho ukubuyiselwa kwegazi nethoni yemisipha kubuyiselwa.
UJerboas uvame ukuhola indlela yokuphila yedwa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi bagxila kahle ekuthunjweni. Amacala okushaywa ekhaya ajwayelekile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi umuntu unabantu ababili noma ngaphezulu abazwana kahle. UJerboas uhamba kuphela emilenzeni yabo yangemuva. Zigijimela endaweni encane, zinganyakaza, zisunduzele eceleni ngokunye nangezinye izitho ezingezansi. Ngasikhathi sinye, umsila ugcina ibhalansi futhi usebenza njengephini lokuqondisa. UJerboas uyakwazi ukugijima kakhulu.
Athathwa njengabagijimi abashesha kunabo bonke. Zikhula ngesivinini esifika ku-50 km / h, futhi zikwazi ukugijima ngaleli banga ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha amabili. Kuyisici sokuthi ama-jerboas amakhulu angompetha kuma-jump aphezulu. Ngokukhula kwazo, ziyeqa zifike kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama, okudlula ubude bomzimba wazo cishe izikhathi eziyishumi. Izilwane ngokwemvelo zinikezwe ukuzwa okujulile nomuzwa wokuhogela.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-jerboa enkulu yezilwane
Isikhathi somshado siqala ngokuphela kokulala. Ukuqala kwalesi sikhathi kubhekwa njengokuphela kukaMashi, ukuqala kuka-Ephreli. Isikhathi somshado sihlala kuze kube sekwindla. UJerboas uyakwazi ukunika inzalo kuze kube kathathu ngonyaka ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle. Lokhu kuzala kuvumela ukululama okusheshayo kwabantu abasengozini kwezinye izindawo. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha isikhathi esifushane - izinsuku ezingama-25-27. Owesifazane oyedwa uyakwazi ukukhiqiza izingane ezisuka ku-1 kuye kwezi-6-7. Ngokuvamile, inzalo ivela entwasahlobo.
Amawundlu achitha inyanga yokuqala nohhafu ukuya ezinyangeni ezimbili endaweni yokuhlala nabazali bawo. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, baqala ukuphila impilo eyodwa. Amantshontsho ayaqonda ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuthi ahlukane nabazali bawo lapho owesifazane eba nolaka futhi engasenandaba. Isiginali yokuziphatha okunjalo ukungabi bikho kwendawo emgodini, kanye nokwanda okukhulu kwesisindo senzalo. Abantu abafinyelele ezinyangeni ezingama-5-7 ubudala babhekwa njengabantu abavuthiwe kwezocansi. Insikazi ithatha iningi lokunakekelwa kwenzalo.
Abesifazane balungisa indawo yokuzalwa ngokumba umgodi ohlukile. Amathole azalwa engenakuzisiza ngokuphelele. Ababoni lutho, baswele izinwele. Ngaphandle, zifana namagundane.
Izitha zemvelo zejerboa enkulu
Isithombe: I-jerboa enkulu
Ezimweni zemvelo, la magundane amancane anezitha eziningi.
Izitha ezimweni zemvelo:
- Izilwane ezihuquzelayo;
- Izinyoka;
- Izinyoni ezizingelayo;
- Ezinye izinhlobo zezibankwa;
- Izimpisi;
- I-Lynx;
- Izimpungushe.
Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-jerboas ahola indlela yokuphila efihliwe, futhi aphuma kuphela ebusuku, ajwayele ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ezizingelayo. Ingozi enkulu kuma-jerboas imelwe izinyoka, kanye nezikhova, ezizingela ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Izinduku zinokuzwa okuhle kakhulu nomuzwa ojulile wephunga. Ngenxa yalokhu, bayakwazi ukuzwa ingozi uma isekude. Zibona usongo, izilwane zibaleka ngokushesha. Izindawo zokukhosela ezikhethekile zemink ziyabasiza ukuthi bagweme ingozi.
Imisebenzi yabantu inciphisa ngokushesha inani lezilwane. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo nokubhujiswa kwendawo yemvelo yamagundane kuholela ekubhujisweni kwezilwane.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Big jerboa cub
Ngokuvamile, akunakushiwo ukuthi izinhlobo zamagundane zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Kodwa-ke, endaweni yaseRussia nase-Ukraine, lezi zilwane zibhujiswa cishe. Ezifundeni eziningi zaseRussia, i-jerboa enkulu ibhalwe kuRed Book: eMoscow, eLipetsk, eTambov, naseNizhny Novgorod. Inikezwe isimo sohlobo olusengozini.
Ukuqapha i-jerboa enkulu
Isithombe: Incwadi ebomvu ebomvu enkulu
Ukuze kugcinwe lezi zinhlobo, kwenziwa iqoqo lezinyathelo ukukhulisa usayizi wabantu. Ezifundeni lapho kuhlala khona amagundane, kubhalwe kuRed Book. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo, ukulima umhlaba, amadlelo emfuyo akuvunyelwe kule ndawo.
IJerboa enkulu kubhekwa njengesilwane esimangalisayo. Abantu abaningi babaqala ngempumelelo emakhaya. Ngokushesha bajwayela izimo ezintsha futhi bathambe.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 13.02.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 16.09.2019 ngo-14: 22
