ILama (Lama glama) ingeyomndeni we-camelid, ama-suborder callus, oda ama-artiodactyls.
Kusabalale uLlama.
AmaLlamas atholakala ngasentabeni i-Andes. Zithengiswa eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu nase-Australia. Zitholakala ngemihlambi emincanyana esekhaya e-Argentina, e-Ecuador, eChile, eBolivia nasePeru. I-Altiplano, eningizimu-mpumalanga yePeru nasentshonalanga yeBolivia ezintabeni eziphakeme ze-Andes, imvelaphi yamaLlamas.
Indawo yokuhlala yaseLlama.
ILlamas ihlala emathafeni aphansi embozwe izihlahla ezahlukahlukene, izihlahla ezinotshani notshani. Basinda esifundeni i-Altiplano, lapho isimo sezulu sinesimo esipholile, kuyilapho izifunda eziseningizimu zomile, ziwugwadule futhi zinokhahlo. ILlamas yaziwa ngokusabalala endaweni ephakeme engekho ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-4000 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zelema.
ILlamas, njengamanye amalungu omndeni we-camelid, anezintamo ezinde, izitho ezinde, izibopho eziyindilinga ezinezinsimbi eziphansi, kanye nodebe olungaphezulu lwemfoloko. Azinawo ama-hump, uma kuqhathaniswa namakamela atholakala e-Asia. AmaLlamas yizinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke kuleli qembu lezilwane. Banengubo ende, ejiyile ehluka kakhulu ngombala. Umthunzi omkhulu ubomvu ngokubomvu, uhlanjululwe ngamabhuleki amhlophe nophuzi ahlukahlukene.
AmaLlamas yizilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu ngokwanele, ezinokuphakama lapho kubuna amamitha ayi-1.21. Ubude bomzimba bungaba yi-1.2 m. Isisindo siyahluka kusuka ku-130 kuye ku-154 kilograms. ILlamas ayinazinselo zangempela, yize zingezase-artiodactyls, zinemilenze emibili enezinzwane ezintathu enemigqa yesikhumba eminyene onyaweni ngalunye lwedwa. Kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuhamba emhlabathini onamadwala.
Izinzwani zamaLlam ziyakwazi ukuhamba ngokuzimela, lesi sici sizisiza zikhuphuke izintaba ngejubane elikhulu. Lezi zilwane zinokuqukethwe okuphezulu ngokungajwayelekile kwamaseli abomvu okusaqanda (ama-erythrocyte) egazini, yingakho izinga lenyuka le-hemoglobin, elibalulekile ukuze lisinde ezindaweni eziphakemeyo ezingenawo umoya-mpilo. Njengamanye amalungu ama-camelids, i-llamas inamazinyo ahlukile, ama-llamas amadala akhiqize ama-incisors aphezulu, futhi ama-incisor aphansi anobude obujwayelekile. Isisu siqukethe amakamelo ama-3, lapho kuhlafunwa ukudla, kwakhiwa ushungamu.
Ukuzalela i-llama.
ILlamas yizilwane zesithembu. Owesilisa uqoqa izintokazi ezinabafazi aba-5-6 endaweni ethile, bese ebaxosha ngolaka bonke abanye abesilisa abangena ngephutha endaweni ekhethiwe. Izinsizwa ezisencane ezixoshwa emihlambini yezimvu zakha imihlambi ngenkathi zisencane ukuzala, kepha ngokushesha zizakhela amabutho azo njengoba esevuthwa.
Abesilisa abadala nezintsha ezixoshiwe bahlala ngokuzimela.
ILlamas iyakwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo evundile lapho iwele namanye amalungu ohlobo. Zikhwelana ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kokuwa. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, i-llama yesifazane izala abantwana cishe izinsuku ezingama-360 futhi izala izinyane elilodwa cishe njalo ngonyaka. Usana olusanda kuzalwa luyakwazi ukulandela unina cishe ihora ngemuva kokuzalwa. Unesisindo esingaba ngu-10 kg futhi kancane kancane uzuza isisindo ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezine lapho owesifazane emfunza ngobisi. Eminyakeni emibili, ama-llamas amancane azala izingane.
Ngokuyinhloko, i-llama yesifazane iyayinakekela inzalo, inikeze ukuvikelwa nokunakekela ithole elifinyelela onyakeni owodwa ubudala. I-llama yesilisa ikhombisa ukubamba iqhaza okungaqondile kuphela, ivikela insimu ukuze inikeze ukudla komhlambi wayo, ohlanganisa abesifazane nabantu abasha. Abesilisa bahlala bencintisana nabanye besilisa ukuthola imithombo efanayo yokudla futhi baqapha izidumbu ekuhlaselweni yizilwane ezidla ezinye nakwamanye amaduna. Lapho ama-llamas amancane esenonyaka owodwa ubudala, owesilisa uwaxosha. AmaLlamas asekhaya angaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20, kepha iningi lawo liphila cishe iminyaka eyi-15.
Ukuziphatha kweLlama.
AmaLlamas ayizilwane ezinobudlelwano nezenhlalo ezihlala ngamaqembu abantu abangafika kwabangu-20. Leli qembu lifaka phakathi abesifazane abangaba ngu-6 kanye nenzalo yalo nyaka.
Indoda ihola umhlambi futhi ivikele ngolaka isikhundla sayo, ibambe iqhaza emzabalazweni omkhulu.
Indoda eqinile igadla kumncintiswaneni bese izama ukumwisa phansi, ilume izitho zayo futhi isonge intamo yayo ende entanyeni yomphikisi. Iduna elihluliwe lilele phansi, okufanekisela ukwehlulwa okuphelele, lilele phansi intamo yakhe yehliswe futhi umsila uphakanyisiwe. ILlamas, njengoba wazi, isebenzisa "izindlu zangasese" ezivamile zomphakathi, ezihlelwe emingceleni yendawo ehlala abantu, lezi zimaki ezihlukile zisebenza njengokuhlukaniswa kwendawo. Njengamanye ama-llamas ekamela, enza imisindo ephansi yokubhonga lapho izidlova zibonakala zixwayisa amanye amalungu omhlambi wengozi. ILlamas inekhono ekuzivikeleni ekuhlaselweni, bayakhahlela, balume futhi bakhafulele lezo zilwane ezisongelayo. Ukuziphatha kwama-llamas ekuthunjweni kufana nemikhuba yezihlobo zasendle, noma ekuthunjweni, abesilisa bavikela indawo yabo, noma ngabe ibiyelwe. Bathatha izimvu bazihlanganise nomndeni wabo futhi babavikele sengathi bangama-lame amancane. Ngenxa yobudlova nokuxhasa kwabo ezinye izilwane, ama-llamas asetshenziswa njengabagcini bezimvu, izimbuzi namahhashi.
Ukudla kwamaLlama.
AmaLlamas adla izihlahlana ezikhula kancane, ubulembu kanye nohlaza lwentaba. Badla i-evergreen parastephia shrub, i-baccharis shrub, nezitshalo zomndeni okusanhlamvu: i-munroa, i-bonfire, utshani basensimini. AmaLlamas athanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezomile kakhulu futhi athola umswakama wawo omningi ekudleni. Badinga cishe amalitha amabili kuya kwamathathu amanzi ngosuku, kanti utshani notshani obudliwe kungu-1.8% wesisindo somzimba wabo. ILlamas ziyizilwane ezikhanyayo. Njengezilwane ezifuywayo, bajwayelene kahle nokudla okufanayo nezimvu nezimbuzi.
Okusho umuntu.
ILlamas yizilwane ezifuywayo, ngakho-ke zibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho. Uboya obujiyile, obukhulu kodwa obufudumele be-llama buyinto ebalulekile.
Lezi zilwane zigundwa njalo eminyakeni emibili, ziqoqa cishe u-3 kg woboya kwilama ngalinye.
Kubahlali bendawo, ukusika uboya kungumthombo wemali. Abalimi basebenzisa ama-llamas ukugcina imihlambi yabo iphephile ezilwaneni eziyingozi. Kubandakanya ama-llamas amaningana emhlambini wezimvu noma izimbuzi, ama-llamas aqapha ukuhlaselwa ama-coyotes nama-cougars. ILlamas nayo isetshenziswa njengabagibeli begalufu, ukuqoqa izixuku zababukeli kule mincintiswano. Kunamapulazi akhethekile wokuzalanisa ama-llamas. Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, ama-llamas asetshenziswa ukuhambisa izimpahla zinqamula ama-Andes, aqinile kakhulu futhi angathwala ngaphezu kwama-60 kg cishe amakhilomitha angamashumi amathathu ezimweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Abantu basendaweni basasebenzisa lolu hlobo lwezokuthutha ezintabeni.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwe-llama.
I-Llamas akuzona izinhlobo ezisengozini futhi manje seyande kakhulu. Kunabantu abangaba yizigidi ezintathu emhlabeni jikelele, cishe ama-70% ama-llamas atholakala eBolivia.
