UNarwhal inegama eliphakathi, ibizwa nge-sea unicorn, futhi lesi siqu asiyona ingozi. Lezi zilwane zinokubukeka okungajwayelekile, okuyingqayizivele okumangaze abatholayo futhi kuyaqhubeka nokumangaza kuze kube namuhla. Ziyizilwane ezihlakaniphile nezinomusa ezihlala ezingxenyeni ezibandayo zomhlaba.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Narwhal
Ama-Narwhals yizilwane ezincelisayo zomndeni kanye nohlobo lwama-narwhals - abamele kuphela uhlobo lwabo. Ama-Narwhals ama-cetaceans - izilwane ezincelisayo ezikwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokuphelele nempilo esemanzini.
Kunzima ukuthola umsuka wama-narwhals, ngoba okhokho babo abakatholakali abebengaba nomcibisholo ofanayo okhula kusuka enhloko yama-narwhals. Izihlobo eziseduze zama-narwhals yi-beluga, zinezakhiwo ezifanayo zomthethosisekelo, ngaphandle kwesakhiwo somlomo womlomo.
Ividiyo: UNarwhal
AmaCetacean anokufana okuningi nama-artiodactyls. Ngokusho kwekhodi yezofuzo, basondelene nezimvubu, ngakho-ke kungenziwa ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo zaseMesonichia zazingabokuqala bakudala bama-narwhals. Lezi zilwane zazibukeka njengezimpisi, kodwa zazinezinselo eziphindwe kabili.
IMesonychia ibiphila ngasogwini futhi idla izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans nama-molluscs. Ukudla okunjalo kuphoqa izilwane ukuthi zivame ukuphuma zingene emanzini noma zihlale emaxhaphozini. Imizimba yabo yashintsha ngaphansi kwendlela yokuphila yasemanzini - kwakhiwa umumo womzimba owenziwe waba lula, imisila ehlanganisiwe. Amakhala kuwo wonke ama-cetaceans atholakala ngemuva - enza imisebenzi efanayo ncamashi nekhala lezilwane zomhlaba.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Umuthi wenarwhal yinto emangalisayo yokuvela kwemvelo. Lapho ososayensi beqonda ngokuthembekile ukuthi kungani lezi zilwane ziyidinga, imibuzo eminingi mayelana nemvelaphi yenarwhal izovalwa.
Kungani i-narwhal ingenayo i-dorsal fin nayo ingumbuzo ovulekile. Mhlawumbe, ngenxa yendawo yasenyakatho, i-fin yancishiswa - kwakungakhululekile lapho ubhukuda ngaphezulu, eduze kongqimba lweqhwa. Amaphiko ama-cetaceans anesakhiwo esintekenteke kangako, ngakho-ke ama-narwhal angavele awaphule kaningi eqhweni elijiyile.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-narwhal
Ama-Narwhals yizilwane ezinkulu kakhulu - isisindo sawo singadlula ithani, futhi umzimba wamadoda ufinyelela kumamitha ayi-6 ubude. Inqwaba yenarwhal ingamafutha, evikela isilwane emakhazeni futhi esivumela ukuthi sihlale ngaphandle kokudla isikhathi eside.
Ku-narwhals, kubonakala i-dimorphism yezocansi: abesilisa bakhulu ngokuphindwe kasigamu nengxenye kunabesifazane. Ngaphandle, bonke abantu bafana nemikhomo, amahlengethwa kanye ne-swordfish ngenxa "yophondo" lwabo olude. Banekhanda elikhulu eliyindilinga elinentamo eguquguqukayo, njengama-belugas. Ayikho i-fin ngemuva, umzimba ubushelelezi, uhlanjululwe, okuvumela i-narwhal ukuthi ithuthukise isivinini esikhulu. Umbala wama-narwhal uyefana: ngumzimba ompunga ophaphathekile, umbozwe ngamabala amnyama futhi amnyama, okuyizinto eziningi kunawo wonke ngemuva nasekhanda.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngenxa yombala, ama-narwhals athola igama lawo - kusuka olimini lwesiSwidi "narwhal" ngu "cadaveric whale", ngoba umbala wawo wakhumbuza abatholayo ngamabala e-cadaveric.
Umlomo wama-narwhals mncane, mncane, amazinyo awukho kuwo, ngaphandle kwamazinyo angaphezulu, afana ne-incisors. Izinyo elingenhla kwesobunxele lowesilisa liphenduka umuthi ofanayo osika ugebhezi futhi ukhule ube yisigaxa esifinyelela ku-3 m ubude.Isisindo somuthi onjalo singafinyelela ku-10 kg. Abesifazane banamazinyo anjalo, yize engajwayelekile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: IHamburg Museum iqukethe ugebhezi lwenarwhal yesifazane enamazinyo amabili.
Umuthi we-narwhal uhlukile ekwakhiweni kwawo: uqina kakhulu futhi uyaguquguquka ngasikhathi sinye. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuyiphula - udinga ukwenza imizamo emikhulu. Ososayensi abazi ukuthi kungani ama-narwhal adinga umuthi. Kukhona inguqulo yokuthi ingaheha abesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, kepha-ke iminyango enjalo ibingatholakali kwabesifazane nhlobo.
Enye inguqulo ukuthi ibamba liyindawo ebucayi ekwazi ukubona ukushisa kwamanzi nengcindezi. Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile, ama-narwhal awalwi namazinyo futhi awasebenzisi njengezikhali, ewaphatha ngokucophelela okukhulu.
Uhlala kuphi uNarwhal?
Isithombe: Sea Narwhal
Ama-Narwhal ahlala kuphela emanzini abandayo oLwandle lwaseNyakatho, kanye naseNyakatho ye-Atlantic.
Izindawo ezivame kakhulu ukuhlangana nemihlambi yama-narwhals yilezi:
- Iziqhingi ZaseCanada;
- ugu lwaseGreenland;
- I-Spitsbergen;
- UFranz Josef Land (kusukela ngo-2019);
- Umhlaba Omusha;
- eningizimu yeGreat Britain (ubusika kuphela);
- Ugu lwaseMurmansk;
- I-White Sea (futhi ebusika kuphela);
- Iziqhingi zaseBering.
Ngaphandle kwezindawo eziningi lapho kuhlala khona ama-narwhal, amanani abo aphansi kakhulu. Lokhu kusabalala kwenza kube nzima ukubonwa kwama-narwhals, yingakho nanamuhla abanye abantu bengaba yizisulu zabazingeli abangekho emthethweni.
AmaNarwhal ahola indlela yokuphila yomhlambi. Imvamisa zihlala ngokujula, ngokunyakaza okungaguquki. Ndawonye namathole nabantu abadala, bahamba amashumi amakhilomitha ngosuku, beyofuna ukudla. Ama-Narwhals akhumbula izindawo lapho kunezimbobo eqhweni zokuphefumula.
Imihlambi emibili yama-narwhal ayivamile ngokwedlulele - isebenzisa i-echolocation, inquma indawo yomunye nomunye futhi igweme ukuhlangana. Lapho behlangana (kwenzeka kaningi, ezindaweni zasebusika), benza imisindo yokwamukela, ngaphandle kwemindeni ephikisanayo.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-sea unicorn narwhal itholakala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Yini edliwa yinarwhal?
Isithombe: Narwhal, noma ulwandle unicorn
I-physiology kanye nendlela yokuphila yama-narwhals iwavumela ukuthi babe izidlova eziphumelelayo.
Ukudla kwansuku zonke kwe-narwhal kufaka:
- izinhlanzi ezincane ezijule olwandle - zithanda izinhlanzi ezingenamathambo, "ezithambile";
- ama-molluscs, kufaka phakathi ama-cephalopods - octopus, cuttlefish, squid;
- ama-crustaceans;
- izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene zasenyakatho: i-halibut, i-cod, i-Arctic cod, i-perch ebomvu.
Ama-Narwhals ajwayele ukuzingela ekujuleni kwe-1 km, yize ekhetha ukungahambi ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-500. Uma umhlambi ungakutholi ukudla isikhathi eside, awutholi ukuphatheka kabi kulokhu, kepha uzondla ezindaweni zawo ezinamafutha. AmaNarwhals awatholakali ekhathele noma elambile.
Bacinga ukudla besebenzisa i-echolocation. Umsindo uqhuma ezintweni, phakathi kwazo ama-narwhals abona izinhlanzi noma esinye isisulu esingaba khona. Bahlasela isikole sezinhlanzi ndawonye, bathathe ukudla okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngosizo lwentamo ehambayo.
Uma isisulu singashadile - i-octopus noma i-squid, khona-ke abesifazane abancane nabancelisayo badla kuqala, bese kuthi abesifazane abadala, futhi ekugcineni kuphela abesilisa badle. Sonke isikhathi ama-narwhals asichitha efuna ukudla.
Njengama-belugas, amazinyo e-narwhal anekhono lokuncela emanzini futhi adubule emfuleni omude. AmaNarwhal asebenzisa leli khono ngenkuthalo ukuthola octopus noma ama-crustaceans emifantwini emincane noma ukuncela izinhlanzi ezincane emilonyeni yazo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Animal narwhal
Ama-Narwhal izidalwa ezinobungane futhi ezinokuthula. Bakhetha amanzi abandayo, kepha ekwindla, lapho izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lehla, bathuthela eningizimu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-narwhal amaningi anamawundlu, yingakho nawo angena emanzini afudumele.
Ama-Narwhals asebenzisa isikhathi sabo esiningi ngaphansi kweqhwa. Kwesinye isikhathi amabele amade abesilisa angabonakala, afinyelela emgodini weqhwa ukuze adonse umoya-mpilo, bese ehlela ekujuleni futhi. Uma umgodi weqhwa umbozwe yiqhwa, ama-narwhals amaduna amakhulu awaphula ngamakhanda, kepha hhayi ngamazinyo awo.
Ama-Narwhal, njengamahlengethwa, ahlala emihlambini yabantu abangaba yishumi. Abesilisa bahlukana nabesifazane. AmaNarwhals axhumana nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene zemisindo kanye ne-echolocation, kepha inani eliqondile lamasignali omsindo alaziwa. Singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi imikhomo ebulalayo, amahlengethwa nemikhomo zinendlela efanayo yokuxhumana.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Umhlambi ngamunye we-narwhal unezimpawu zawo zemisindo ezingeke zaqondwa ngomunye umhlambi. Kubukeka njengezilimi ezehlukene zolimi olufanayo.
Ehlobo, ama-narwhal abuyela emuva enyakatho, ekhulelwe noma enamazinyane amadala. Kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa abangashadile babhukuda buqamama nomhlambi - isizathu salokhu kuziphatha asaziwa, ngoba ama-narwhals awaxoshi ama-congener emhlambini. Lezi zilwane zingangena emanzini ajule ngamamitha angama-500. Ngaphandle komoya, angaba isigamu sehora, kodwa amawundlu avele aphefumule njalo ngemizuzu engama-20.
Ama-Narwhal awahlaseli enye impilo yasolwandle ngaphandle kwesizathu. Futhi azinalo ulaka kubantu, kepha, ngokungafani namahlengethwa neminye imikhomo, azifuni ukwazi ngazo. Uma ama-narwhals ebona isikebhe siseduze kwepakethe, ancamela ukucasha kancane angabonakali.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Narwhal Cub
Imidlalo yokukhwelana iyawa ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo, kepha kunzima ukusho inyanga ngqo ngenxa yezimo zezulu eziguqukayo. Ama-Narwhals akhetha isikhathi lapho kuqala khona ukushisa okuzinzile futhi izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lenyuka.
Njengomthetho, ama-narwhal ahlangana, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kunabantu abangashadile. Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, ama-loners ajoyina imihlambi lapho kukhona abesifazane nabesilisa. Imvamisa, abesifazane nabesilisa bahlala behlukanisile, babhukuda ebangeni elifushane, kepha ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, wonke ama-narwhals anhlanhlatha aye eqenjini elilodwa elikhulu, elingafinyelela kubantu abayi-15.
Ama-Narwhals aqala ukukhipha imisindo enezakhiwo ze-echolocation. Imisindo eminingi ikhombisa ukulungela ukukhwelana nokucinga ophathina - ama-narwhals abesifazane azikhethela abesilisa ngokuziculela. Ukuhlukumezeka kwabesilisa ngalesi sikhathi akubonwa, kanye nabesilisa abavelele abanelungelo elikhethekile lokushada.
Ukungabi bikho kohlu lwabaphathi oluqinile emhlambini kunikeza ama-narwhal ukwehluka okuhle kofuzo, nakho okunikeza isisekelo esihle sokukhiqiza nokwaba kabusha kwabantu. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha cishe izinyanga eziyi-15. Ngenxa yalokho, uzala izinyane elilodwa, elizobhukuda eduze kukanina kuze kube yiminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala. Ngeminyaka engu-5-6, uzobe esekhulile ocansini. Ngokuvamile, ama-narwhal angaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-60, kepha ahlali ekuthunjweni ngisho nonyaka.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuhamba okuphezulu kwama-narwhals - babhukuda amashumi amakhilomitha ngosuku. AmaNarwhal nawo ayazijabulisa kakhulu, ngakho-ke awakwazi ukuhlala ekuthunjweni.
Izitha zemvelo zama-narwhals
Isithombe: I-Narwhals olwandle lwe-narwhal
Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu, ama-narwhal awanazo izitha zemvelo. Okuwukuphela kosongo kulezi zilwane lumelwe ngabantu, oluthonye inani lama-narwhals.
Amantshontsho enarwhals kwesinye isikhathi angabanjwa ngamabhere we-polar njengoba ebhukuda eya emgodini weqhwa ukuhogela. Amabhere asePolar awazingeli ngenhloso ama-narwhals - avele abuke i-polynya, elinde, njengezimpawu, njengezimpawu. Ibhere elimhlophe alikwazi ukudonsa i-narwhal enkulu, kodwa lingalimaza ngemihlathi enamandla kuze kube yilapho isilwane sifa.
Uma i-narwhal isuka ekuhlaselweni ibhere lasezindaweni eziphakeme, ikhipha umsindo oyisixwayiso, okhombisa umhlambi ukuthi kunengozi. Umhlambi uya komunye umgodi. Ngalesi sizathu, umoya wokuqala uvame ukuthathwa yi-narwhal yesilisa. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, ama-walrus angahlasela ama-narwhals. Abesilisa baba nolaka ngokweqile, bahlasela ngokoqobo yonke into engaphansi kwamanzi. Ama-Narwhals ashesha ukwedlula ama-walrus, ngakho-ke angakunaki lokho kuhlaselwa.
Oshaka baseNyakatho yizilwane ezidla ezinye ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo, kepha baba usongo ezinganeni. Njengomthetho, abesilisa baxosha oshaka, kanti abesifazane bawaqinisa ngokuqinile amawundlu, kepha kwesinye isikhathi oshaka basathola inyamazane yabo.
Ngokuvamile kwamukelwa ukuthi isitha esiyinhloko se-narwhal yi-killer whale. Iqiniso ngukuthi imikhomo ebulalayo kuyaqabukela ihlasele izilwane ezincelisayo zasemanzini ezifana nemikhomo namahlengethwa, ngoba zingabomndeni owodwa. Umhlambi wendlala obulalayo kuphela ohlasela ama-narwhals. Kodwa imikhomo ebulalayo yizilwane ezinzima, futhi ama-narwhals ayazesaba lezi zilwane. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-narwhal akhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, ekhetha ama-fjords amancane, lapho izidumbu ezinkulu zingabhukudi khona.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Keith Narwhal
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-narwhal asebenze njengomthombo wenyama namafutha kubantu bomdabu baseNyakatho Ekude. Abantu bazingela ama-narwhals, bahlala emsebenzini e-polynya noma babhukuda emanzini abandayo ezikebheni, bahlome ngezipunu.
Kuze kube manje, ukuzingelwa kwama-narwhal kuvunyelwe kubahlali baseFar North, kepha kuphela amadoda amadala okufanele akhethwe njengezisulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ikakhulukazi ama-cetaceans nama-narwhals asabamba iqhaza elibalulekile ezimpilweni zalaba bantu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amafutha ama-narwhals asetshenziswa njengophethiloli wezibani, amathumbu aqinile asebenza njengesisekelo sezintambo, futhi ubuciko namathiphu ezikhali aqoshwe emaceleni.
Ekhulwini lama-20, ama-narwhal aqothulwa ngenkuthalo. Zonke izinhlobo zezinto zokwelapha zazibangelwa inyama yazo, amafutha kanye namazinyo, yingakho ama-narwhal ayebaluleke kakhulu emakethe futhi athengiswa abiza kakhulu. Ngokufaniswa nezimpawu zoboya, imakethe yathola ukugcwala kakhulu kwezindondo ezivela kuma-narwhals, ngakho-ke bayeka ukuthengisa ngamanani aphezulu.
Kusekhona abazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Inani lama-narwhals lehle kakhulu, futhi manje sekuyizinhlobo ezivikelwe. Akuvunyelwe neze ukuzingela abesifazane namazinyane - abesilisa ababanjiwe kumele basetshenziswe "ngaphandle kwemfucuza," kunesabelo esithile sokukhiqizwa kwalezi zilwane, esinqunywa yinombolo yonyaka.
Ukungcola kwezilwandle zomhlaba nakho kuthinta kabi abantu. Ama-Narwhal azwela kakhulu ekushiseni kwamanzi nokuhlanzeka, ngakho-ke isikhathi sempilo yama-narwhals ahlala ezindaweni ezingcolisiwe siyancipha.
Ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa kubanga ukuncipha kokutholakala kokudla kwama-narwhal, okuthinta nezimpilo zabo futhi kubaphoqe ukuthi bathuthele kwezinye izindawo lapho behlangana khona noshaka nemikhomo ebulalayo. Ngenxa yokuvikelwa okuqinile nokuqashwa njalo kwemihlambi eyaziwayo yama-narwhal, amanani abo ayanda, yize esephansi ngendlela eyinhlekelele.
Ukuvikelwa kweNarwhal
Isithombe: Ama-Narwhals avela ku-Red Book
INarwhal ibhalwe kuRed Book endaweni yaseRussia njengohlobo olungajwayelekile, oluncane, uhlobo lwe-monotypic. Isimo sinzima ukuthi ama-narwhals awakubekezeleli ukuthunjwa kahle, ngakho-ke ukuzalanisa ezimweni ezikhethekile akunakwenzeka.
NgoFebhuwari 2019, iqembu lama-narwhals angama-32 latholakala enyakatho yesiqhingi saseFranz Josef Land, ebandakanya inani elilinganayo labesilisa, abesifazane namankonyane. Kutholwe yiqembu lososayensi abavela eNarwhal. Inganekwane yase-Arctic ". Lokhu okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi izilwane zikhethe indawo yokuhlala unomphela nendawo yokuzalanisa. Kakhulu ngenxa yaleli qembu, inani lama-narwhals e-Arctic liyanda. Ososayensi bayaqhubeka nokuqapha laba bantu, umhlambi uvikelekile kubazingeli abangekho emthethweni.
Imiphumela yalolu hambo isetshenziselwa ukutadisha ama-nuances wokuziphatha kwama-narwhal ukuze kusizwe ngokuqhubekayo ekongweni kwezinhlobo. Sekuvele kunolwazi ngezinombolo ezilinganiswayo, amaphethini wokufuduka, izinkathi zokuzalela kanye nezindawo lapho kuvame khona ama-narwhal. Ucwaningo luhlelelwe kuze kufike ubusika 2022. Bajoyine iRAS Institute of Ecology and Evolution kanye neGazprom Neft, enentshisekelo kuhlelo lwe-Arctic Time.
UNarwhal - isilwane esimangalisayo nesingavamile. Yibona bodwa amalungu ohlobo lwabo abaphila impilo eyimfihlo, enokuthula. Imizamo yososayensi nezazi zemvelo igxile ekongweni kwalezi zilwane, ngoba ukuvikeleka kwabantu endle kuyona kuphela ithuba lokugcina lolu hlobo oluyingqayizivele.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/29/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.08.2019 ngo-22: 32
