Enye yezinhlanzi ezingajwayelekile futhi ezingaqondakali, okukhulunywa ngazo okokuqala ezincwadini zesayensi kuphela ngo-1822, ebukeka ngempela ngosayizi nenani lenyama yenhlanzi, arapaimaabahlala echibini lamanzi ahlanzekile lesimo sezulu esishisayo.
Izici ze-arapaima nendawo ezihlala kuyo
I-Giant arapaima, noma i-piraruku, itholakala kakhulu emanzini amasha ase-Amazon. Le nhlobo yaziwa ngisho naseGuiana kanye naseNdiya yaseBrazil futhi yathola igama layo ngenxa yombala obomvu o-orange wenyama namabala abomvu akhanyayo esikalini ("piraruku" - izinhlanzi ezibomvu).
Indawo yokuhlala incike esimweni sezulu nesimo semvelo lapho izinhlanzi zihlala khona. Ngesikhathi semvula, bahlala ekujuleni kwemifula, lapho kunesomiso bagxuma kalula esihlabathini esipholile nasodakeni, bangaphila kalula ngisho nasezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi.
Izinhlanzi ze-Arapaima, ingenye yezinhlanzi ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo esemthethweni, isisindo sabanye abantu singafinyelela ngokukhululekile izikhungo ezimbili, kanti ubude baso kwesinye isikhathi budlula amamitha amabili.
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ze-specimen ngamandla angajwayelekile esikali esinezimbambo, sinamandla aphindwe kayishumi kunamathambo futhi kuyinkinga ukugqashula kuso, sifaniswa negobolondo ngamandla. Kwakungaleli qiniso elenza ukuthi i-piranha ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngempumelelo nokuhlala eduze kwama-piranha.
Ukuthandwa kwalezi zinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala kungenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu kuphela, kodwa futhi neqiniso lokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana nomuntu omdala endle.
Sekungamakhulu eminyaka le nhlanzi ibhekwa njengokudla okuyinhloko kwezizwe zama-Amazonia. Kwakungobukhulu obukhulu bezinhlanzi kanye nokukwazi kwayo ukukhuphuka kaningi kakhulu ukuya emanzini futhi ize igxume iphume kuyo ifuna inyamazane eyaba yingozi - yakhishwa kalula emanzini ngosizo lwamanetha nezipunu.
Okungajwayelekile isakhiwo somzimba se-arapaima ivumela le nhlanzi ukuthi izingele ngempumelelo: isimo somzimba nomsila esivumelanisiwe, amaphiko atholakala kalula akuvumela ukuba usabele ekusondeleni kwesisulu ngejubane lombani bese uyibamba. Njengamanje, inani labantu basePiraruka gigantea lincishisiwe, futhi ukudoba i-arapaima akuvunyelwe.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila ye-arapaima
Izinhlanzi ze-Arapaima - isilwane esidla amanzi esikhulu kunazo zonke, sihlala emanzini ahlanzekile e-Amazon, lapho umuntu ophucukile evela khona kakhulu: emahlathini aseBrazil, ePeru, eGuyana. Aphakeli nje kuphela ngezinhlanzi eziphakathi nezincane, kepha futhi ayinqikazi ukuzuza ezinyonini nasekwenzeni izidumbu ngenkathi eyomile. Umzimba, ogcwele imithambo yegazi emincane eseduze nezikali zezinhlanzi, uvumela ukuzingela khona kanye emanzini.
Isici sokwakheka kwesisu sokubhukuda (i-ovoid) nomzimba omncane kusiza ekusindeni isomiso kalula, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezingezinhle zemvelo, nokuzwa ukungabi nomoya-mpilo.
Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuncane kakhulu komoya-mpilo emanzini ase-Amazon, i-arapaima iphoqeleka ukuba intante ebusweni bayo njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10-20 ukuze igwinye umoya ngomsindo. Le nhlanzi ayinakubizwa ngokuthi inhlanzi yase-aquarium, noma kunjalo, namuhla izalelwa ekuthunjweni. Vele, ngeke ifinyelele osayizi abakhulu nesisindo somzimba, kepha ingaphezulu kwesigamu semitha ingatholakala kalula.
Ukufuya izinhlanzi okufakelwayo, yize kuyinkinga, kusabalele kulo lonke elaseLatin America, eYurophu nase-Asia. Zitholakala ezindaweni ezinkulu zasemanzini, ama-zoo, amadamu okufakelwa aguqulelwe ukufuya izinhlanzi.
IPiraruku ixazululwa ngokuhlukile kwezinye izinhlobo (ukugwema ukuzidla), noma nezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidlayo. Ezimweni zezinkulisa, i-arapaima ingaphila cishe iminyaka eyi-10-12, ekuthunjweni.
Ukudla kwezinhlanzi zase-Arapaima
Inhlanzi enkulu ye-arapaima uhlobo oludlayo futhi londla inyama kuphela. I-piraruka yabantu abadala, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, iyakhetha ekukhetheni ukudla, njengomthetho, ukudla kwayo kubandakanya izinhlanzi ezincane nezinkulu, kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni nezilwane ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi ezihleli emagatsheni noma zehla zizophuza amanzi.
Izilwane ezisencane zinobudlova kakhulu, ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo zidla konke okuza ngendlela yazo: izibungu, izinhlanzi, izidumbu, izinambuzane, izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla, izinyoka ezincane, izinyoni kanye nama-vertebrate.
Ukuzala kabusha kanye nesikhathi sokuphila se-arapaima
Ngaphandle, owesilisa esemncane akahlukile kakhulu kune-arapaima yesifazane. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuthomba nokulungela ukuzala, umzimba wesilisa, ogcwele izigaxa namaphiko, ubumnyama ngokuphindwe kaningi kunowesifazane.
Ukuthi owesifazane ukulungele yini ukuzala inzalo kungahlulelwa ngobude bomzimba wakhe nobudala: kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-5 ubudala futhi angabi mfushane kunemitha elilodwa nohhafu. Esikhathini sezulu esishisayo nesomile sase-Amazon, ukuzala kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi.
Imvamisa, ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi iqala ukuzihlomisa ngendawo lapho izobekela khona amaqanda kamuva. I-piraruka yesifazane ivame ukukhetha lezi zinhloso phansi kwesihlabathi, lapho kungekho khona okwamanje, futhi ukujula akukukhulu.
Ngomzimba wayo omude osheshayo, insikazi idonsa umgodi ojulile (cishe u-50-80 cm ukujula), lapho izalela khona amaqanda amakhulu. Lapho nje inkathi yemvula iqala, amaqanda asevele ebekiwe ngaphambi kokuqhuma, futhi gazinga avela kuwo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi arapaimanjengoba kwenza izinhlanzi zamanzi amaningi angenasawoti, ayilishiyi ifry elichanyuselwe, kepha ibabheka ezinye izinyanga ezintathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owesilisa uqobo uhlala nowesifazane, futhi nguyena oqinisekisa ukuthi amaqanda awadliwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye.
Indima yowesifazane ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda incishisiwe ekuvikeleni indawo ezungeze isidleke; uqhubeka ezulazula indawo ezungeze ebangeni lamamitha ayi-15 ukusuka esidlekeni. Into ekhethekile emhlophe etholakala ekhanda lowesilisa (ngenhla nje kwamehlo) iba ukudla kwabasha.
Lokhu kudla kunomsoco kakhulu, futhi kungakapheli isonto ngemuva kokuzalwa kukathanga sekuqala ukondliwa ngokudla "kwabantu abadala" futhi kuhlakazeke, noma kunalokho kufiphaze kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Ukukhula okuncane akukhuli masinyane, ngokwesilinganiso, ukwanda okuphelele kwenyanga kokukhula kungaphezu kwama-5 cm, futhi ngesisindo kungadluli amagremu ayi-100.
Ngakho-ke, yize ibukeka ingakhangi, i-arapaima idonsela ukunaka kwabasolwandle nabathanda ukudoba. Leli qiniso lihlobene neqiniso lokuthi umhlaseli uyakwazi ukufinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu impela, futhi lokhu akunikiwe kuzo zonke izinhlanzi zasemanzini angenasawoti.
Kwanele ukubheka kanye kuphela ekubukeni kwepiraruka ukukhumbula unomphela ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi lubukeka kanjani. Le nhlanzi ingusomathuba, yilesi sici esasivumela, esaziwa emuva ezinsukwini zamaNdiya aseBrazil naseGuiana, ukuba sisinde kuze kube namuhla.
Ezimweni ze-aquarium ukuzala i-arapaima unenkinga enkulu ngenxa yokuthi udinga ama-aquariums amakhulu kakhulu anomthamo wamalitha angaphezu kwenkulungwane, ukuhlungwa kwamanzi njalo kanye nokushisa okugcinwe ngokukhethekile okungenani ama-degree angama-23 ngobulukhuni obungadluli ku-10
