I-Sugar marsupial flying squirrel ingummeleli odumile wezilwane ezifuywayo. Lezi zincane, zihle, zinokubukeka okuyingqayizivele, imvuthu. Kepha njengakwezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, umnikazi wesikwele ezindizayo ufuna ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nezidingo ezibalulekile zokunakekelwa nobuntu besilwane ngaphambi kokuyithenga. Ama-ossum kashukela angama-livers amade ajabulisa abanikazi bawo ngokunakekelwa okufanele kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-14. Ngaphezu kwalokho, badinga ukunakekelwa okwanele nendawo.
Incazelo, ukubukeka
I-Sugar possum yisilwane esincane se-marsupial... I-marsupial flying squirrel yisihlobo esincanyana somndeni we-possum. Inhloko nomzimba wayo cishe ulinganiselwa ku-120-220 mm ubude kanti umsila wayo cishe u-150-180 mm. Isisindo sesilwane esivuthiwe sifinyelela kumagremu ayi-140 kuphela, ngomzimba olinganiselwa ku-15-20 cm nomsila ofinyelela ku-19 cm ubude.Kunomugqa omnyama ngemuva kusuka emuva kuya ekhaleni. Kunemivimbo efanayo kumlomo, esiqondisweni esisuka esweni siye endlebeni. Kukhona uphawu olumhlophe oluncane esicongweni somsila. Njengama-squirrels ezindizayo, ama-ossum kashukela anolwelwesi lwesikhumba olusuka ngaphandle ngaphambili luze luze eqakaleni lomlenze wangemuva, futhi lungavulwa ngokusabalalisa izitho zihlukane. Ushukela ossum wesifazane unomehluko omkhulu ekwakhekeni komzimba - isikhwama esincane esibayeni sesikhumba ukuze kuhlaliswe umntwana.
Kuyathakazelisa!I-Possum inamehlo amakhulu amnyama, izindlebe ezinombala omnyama, nekhala elibomvana. Ngesikhathi sokundiza - ukundiza emoyeni, "ichopho" lesikhumba elisuka emilenzeni yangaphambili liye emilenzeni yangemuva linikeza umzimba omncane isimo esikwele esiguqe.
Isiphukuphuku esisuka kuzwane lwesihlanu lonyawo lwangaphambili luye kuzwane lokuqala lonyawo lwangemuva livumela le marsupial encane ukuba ishibilike phakathi kwezihlahla kuze kube ngamamitha angama-50 kude (imvamisa ifuna ukudla noma izindawo ezintsha zokwakha izidleke). Ama-ossum kashukela yizilwane ezinobungane, angakwazi ukuxhumana esebenzisa imisindo eminingi ehlukene.
Lezi yizimpawu ezahlukahlukene, isibonelo, i-alamu elizwakala njengokukhonkotha kwenja encane. Ubukhulu bensimu yeqembu le-possum bumayelana nehektare. Lapho ingwejeje endiza ushukela ivela esihlahleni, isakaza izingalo zayo ezine, ikhiphe ulwelwesi olusebenza njengepharashuthi. Isilwane singashintsha ukugoba kolwelwesi ngokuhambisa imilenze yaso ukulawula ukushibilika kwayo emoyeni, futhi sisebenzisa nomsila waso njengokuqondisa.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ukusatshalaliswa koshukela ondizayo kuhlanganisa iNew Guinea nezinye iziqhingi eziseduze, iziqhingi zaseBismarck, nasenyakatho nasempumalanga ye-Australia. Amapossums angaphila kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamahlathi, inqobo nje uma anokudla okwanele. Zakha izidleke zazo emagatsheni ezihlahla zikagamthilini, zihlala ezindaweni ezithile ngemuva kweqembu ngalinye. Ngokuya ngokutholakala kwezingwejeje ezindizayo eNingizimu ye-Australia, ama-ossum anezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokubekezelela amakhaza.
Uhlamvu, indlela yokuphila
Ushukela marsupials yizilwane ezisebenza ngokweqile. Bangakwazi ukushelela emoyeni amabanga amade. Ama-Possums esidleke ngamaqembu afinyelela kwabayisikhombisa abadala besilisa nabesifazane abahlobene nezibopho zomndeni.
Futhi eqenjini kukhona inzalo yabo. Izingwejeje ezindizayo ezinoshukela zibhekwa njengezihlangene futhi njengendawo. Iqembu ngalinye ngenkani nangesibindi livikela inani elithile lezihlahla zikagamthilini, ezinikeza iqembu lazo ukudla okuyinhloko.
Abesilisa abadala bavamise ukumaka insimu ngamathe abo nangokwemfihlo okukhishwe kwizindlala ezitholakala okhalweni, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni.... Futhi banezindlala zephunga ezitholakala ebunzini, lapho abesilisa bedinga ukusabalalisa ukumaka kwamanye amalungu eqembu. “Umndeni” ngamunye uvame ukubuswa owesilisa oyedwa obhekele iningi lezinsimu nokumakwa kweqembu.
Uvame ukuba mkhulu futhi asinde ukwedlula lonke iqembu, njengoba umzimba wakhe ukhiqiza i-testosterone eningi. O-alpha wesilisa uvame "ukuqala ubudlelwano" nabesifazane beqembu. Lapho nje iphakethe lisondela nge-possum engenalo uphawu olunamakha, iqembu lilonke libheka isivakashi njengomuntu wangaphandle, ngemuva kwalokho owesilisa we-alpha amhlasela ngokushesha nangodlame. Ngaphakathi kwamaqembu uqobo, ukuvinjelwa okusongela impilo akuvamile ukwenzeka.
Okuqukethwe kukashukela
Ama-ossum kashukela awawona amagundane, okuthuthukisa kakhulu amathuba okuwagcina ekuthunjweni. Ngemuva kwakho konke, njengoba wazi, amagundane amaningi angadala umonakalo omkhulu empahleni yekhaya. I-Sugar squirrel endizayo ingummeleli omncane we-marsupial, umndeni lapho izilwane ezidumile njenge-koala ne-kangaroo zikhona.
Kuyathakazelisa!Kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi nangokuzama ukuthi lezi zilwane zinenzuzo enkulu kunamagundane ajwayelekile asekhaya. Ngokunakekelwa nokunakekelwa okufanele, bangaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12-15, ngokungafani nama-hamsters, ama-gerbils, ama-ferrets noma izingwejeje, ubude besikhathi sokuhlala emndenini bufushane kakhulu.
Ngasikhathi sinye, isilwane esifana ne-marsupial possum sinobuhlakani be-canine ngokweqiniso, futhi ngokuqeqeshwa okufanele, siyakwazi ukubona igama laso futhi size lapho sibizwa. I-Possum ingafundiswa ukwenza amanye amaqhinga.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ikheji elinobukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-60 * 60 * 90 libhekwa njengelincane, elifanele kakhulu ama-possum ambalwa. Endabeni yalolu hlobo lwesilwane, okuningi kuhlala kungcono kunokuncane. Endabeni yokubeka ingwejeje endizayo, ukuphakama kwekheji kubaluleke kakhulu kunobubanzi noma ukujula, ngoba lezi yizilwane ezinomsebenzi wokundiza, njengoba wazi, uphakeme.
Lapho kugcinwa abantu abaningana efulethini elilodwa, ibanga eliphakathi kokuhlala kwabo kufanele libe okungenani amasentimitha ama-3. Kufanele kube khona izigxobo zokukhuphuka mpo ngaphakathi kwekheji ngalinye. Ukuhlinzeka ngemishini yokuqeqesha kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokugcina isilwane sakho siphilile futhi sisebenza. Kufanele kube namathoyizi amaningi ngaphakathi kwekheji, isondo lokuzivocavoca elibiyelwe. Imigudu, amakamelo azimele, izintambo nezitebhisi kuzonikeza namathuba amaningi okuqwala nokwenza ukuvivinya umzimba okuwusizo.
Njengoba amakheji wezentengiselwano kaningi enganele ukuqukatha lezi zimvuthu, abanikazi abaningi bazakhela amamodeli abo ngocingo olushiselwe (olutholakala ezitolo zezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha kanye nasezitolo zasemapulazini / kokuphakelayo. Umbono omuhle waleso sakhiwo ukufaka iphalethi lepulasitiki elikhudlwana kune phansi kwekheji uqobo, ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka okungcono ekamelweni. Ngemuva kwakho konke, umklamo onjalo uzosiza ukubamba zonke izinhlobo zemfucuza futhi uzisuse kalula, ukuvimbela ukuthi uvuke ngaphandle kwendlu yezilwane... I-latch eshejini kufanele ivikeleke, njengoba ama-glider kwesinye isikhathi ekwazi ukufunda ukuwavula.
Isendlalelo sokushefa (okuhle kunakho konke, umsedari, i-aspen noma i-fir okungcono kakhulu) sibekwa ezansi kwekheji. Lokhu kuzosiza ekutholeni kangcono ukuhamba kwamathumbu oketshezi. Udinga ukuyihlanza kanye noma kabili ngesonto. Noma njengoba kudingeka, uma izilwane ezifuywayo eziningana zihlala ehokweni elilodwa. Indawo yokuhlala kaPossum kufanele ibekwe endaweni efinyelelekayo yendlu, kepha hhayi elangeni ngqo, endaweni engenakho okusalungiswa.
Ukudla okulungile
Ama-ossum kashukela anomnivorous ngokwemvelo. Imvamisa, ubumnandi bazo ujusi omnandi okhishwe emagatsheni kagamthilini. Ukudla kwesikwele esidiza ushukela kufaka nempova, umpe, izinambuzane nezibungu zazo, ama-arachnids nama-vertebrate amancane. Ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo nasehlobo, lezi zilwane zidla kakhulu izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi amabhu namabhungane, kuthi ezinyangeni zasekwindla nasebusika, ukudla okutshalwe njengejusi le-eucalyptus kanye nempova yimenyu yazo.
Endle, ama-Sugar Flying Squirrels adla ukudla okuhlukahlukene kuye ngesizini. Ngenxa yemvelo yabo emnivorous, bavame ukondliwa ekhaya ngamamenyu akhethekile akhiqizwa ngochwepheshe becabangela izidingo zesilwane. Imenyu enjalo ingafaka ingxube yokudla kwengane, uju, izithelo, amavithamini nezinye izithako. Lapho idliwa nsuku zonke, ingalekelelwa ngokudla imifino, izithelo nezinambuzane ezintsha.
Futhi ezitolo zezilwane ungathenga ukwakheka kwezimboni okwenziwe ngomumo. Kodwa izazi ezihola phambili zezilwane zincoma ukwengeza ukudla okunjalo ngezinto eziwusizo, ngoba akubhekwa njengokulinganisela futhi kwanelisa ngokugcwele izidingo zesilwane. Futhi izidingo zikashukela ossum ziguqukile muva nje, ngoba kuningi okwaziwayo ngezilwane uqobo.
Kunemininingwane ethakazelisa kakhulu ngokuthanda kwakhe ukunambitheka. Njengoba kwenzeka, ama-possum ayahlanya ngamabhungane "kaKhisimusi" (Anoplognathus abnormis). Ngokwesilinganiso, ikoloni elilodwa labantu abayisishiyagalombili lingadla ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu angama-200 alezi zinambuzane ngonyaka, okubenza babe yingxenye ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo yezihlahla, ngoba lolu hlobo lwesinambuzane luyimbangela enkulu yokufa kwezihlahla zikagamthilini.
Ukunakekelwa, inhlanzeko
Izingwejezi ezindiza ushukela zihlala zihlanzekile zingenabala cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi azidingi ukugeza njalo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ukuphatha noma iyiphi i-rodent kudinga ukuphindaphindwa kaningi kwale nqubo ngenxa yokuvela kwephunga elibi. Endle, izingwejeje ezindiza ushukela zivame ukuhlala emakoloni wabantu abayi-10-15. Ngakho-ke, lapho ingane iphuma kuqala esikhwameni (ineminyaka engama-9-12 amasonto), iqala impilo ezimweni zokufakelwa ngokwakhiwa kwezibopho "zomndeni".
Kuyathakazelisa!Ngisho noma sizungezwe amalungu omndeni wesintu, izilwane ezifuywayo nezihlobo, isilwane sizobabheka njengamalungu eqembu laso lomndeni.
Ngamanye amagama, i-possum ayisona isilwane sodwa, kepha isidalwa esidinga kakhulu izimo zomndeni lapho zingaphila kahle impilo yabo yonke. Ngaphandle kokuxhumana okusondele nawo wonke amalungu omndeni nemvelo yawo, i-possum futhi ikhetha othandekayo osondelene kakhulu, ukuxhumana naye ngokomoya ngokuxhumeka kwezinga eliyinhloko. Imvamisa kungumuntu ochitha isikhathi esiningi nesilwane.
Elinye lamaqiniso "angamanga" ajwayelekile kakhulu mayelana ne-ossum kashukela ukuthi lesi silwane kumele sibe nekheji elikhulu ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze sijabule ngokuphelele. Njengoba nakanjani bathanda ukugxuma nokudlala, ikheji elikhulu lilungele abantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, ezilwaneni ezincane nezinsana, ubukhulu obunjalo abufaneleki kangako.
Izifo nokwelashwa
Endle, ama-ossum kashukela aphila cishe iminyaka engu-4-5.... Njengezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, bangaba nezifo eziningi ngandlela thile ezinciphisa impilo yabo futhi zifake ubuthi empilweni yabo. Esikhathini esiningi ziba yisifo samathambo esisetshenziswayo ngenxa yokungondleki, ukulimala okubangelwa ukubambeka emagatsheni ezihlahla ngenxa yokuhamba okungaphumelelanga komoya, ukuhuda ngokudla izithelo eziningi noma ukutholakala kwama-parasites emathunjini, nokunye. Ukwelashwa kungenziwa kuphela ngaphansi kweso elibukhali likadokotela wezilwane, ngemuva kokwenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo.
Ukuzala kabusha, inzalo
Kutholakale ukuthi ama-ossum kashukela athunjiwe aphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-14. Ukuthomba kwesilwane kwenzeka ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wokuphila kwabesifazane, futhi ekuqaleni konyaka wesibili kwabesilisa. Umjikelezo we-estrous we-squirrel endiza ushukela cishe izinsuku ezingama-29. Ezweni lase-Arnhem eNyakatho Yase-Australia, kubonakala sengathi ayikho isikhathi esithile sokuzala salezi zilwane. Kodwa-ke, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Australia, izingane zizalwa kuphela phakathi kukaJuni noNovemba. Imvamisa, ukukhulelwa kwesikwele ezindizayo kuthatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-16. Kudoti owodwa wesifazane, kuzalwa izingane ezi-1 kuye kwezi-2, ngayinye enesisindo cishe esingu-0.19 amagremu.
Kuyathakazelisa! uma isimo sezulu sibi ngandlela thile kwenye noma kwenye indawo lapho kuhlala khona ushukela futhi ukungabi bikho kokudla kwenza isimo sesilwane sibe sibi kakhulu, singangena ebusika bokulala ubusika besikhashana ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimo ezikahle zokuphila okusebenzayo.
Ngemuva kokubeletha, inzalo ihlala esikhwameni sesikhumba sikamama isikhashana, kepha ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-70 iphuma kancane. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-111, abantwana baba ngabantu abadala ngokuphelele futhi bazimele ukuze bashiye isidleke. Imvamisa, ngalesi sikhathi, owesifazane akakakwazi ukukhulelwa futhi. Kodwa-ke, kwenzeka ukuthi umama okhulelwe uphinde abe sesimweni, futhi lokhu kumenza abe nobutha ezinganeni zangaphambilini. Esimweni esinjalo, inzalo iphoqeleka ukuba ishiye isidleke ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi
Njengoba ama-ossum kashukela engewona amagundane, awanaso isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuququda yonke into, okusho ukuthi ukuwagcina ekhaya kuthathwa njengomyalo wobukhulu obukhulu futhi ophephile ezintweni zasendlini nefenisha. Futhi, njengeqiniso elihle kakhulu, abanikazi abaningi babona okunamathiselwe okuqine kakhulu nokuhlala isikhathi eside kwengane efuthayo kumalungu omndeni ahlala kuwo.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Izikhuni (Latin Soricidae)
- I-Armadillos (lat.Cingulata)
- Amagundane (lat. Rattus)
- Ama-Bandicoots (Latin Bandicota)
Lapho nje i-possum izwa ubuhlobo, angaba ngumngane ofanelekayo wokuhamba kwakhe kwansuku zonke.... Uhlala ngokujabula ephaketheni elifudumele, ahambele izindawo zomphakathi ezahlukahlukene, noma kungenasidingo sokuphatha iseli. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi isilwane sizofuna ukweqa, sishiya ihlombe lomnikazi othembekile noma iphakethe lakhe. Ukuphunyuka akunakwenzeka, ngoba ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo uthembekile emndenini wakhe futhi ufuna ukuba seduze kwamalungu awo kaningi futhi isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.
