Ixoxo likaGoliyati ukubukeka kwayo kubangela ukuba ndikindiki, lokho kuyiqiniso, inkosazana yeselesele, njengokungathi ivela enganekwaneni. Usayizi obabazekayo wale amphibi emangalisayo umangalisa nje. Sizozama ukubheka konke okuthakazelisa kakhulu, singachazi nje kuphela ukubonakala kweselesele elikhulu, kodwa isimo salo, isimilo salo, izindawo zalo zokuhlala okuthandayo, ama-nuances wokukhiqiza kanye nolwazi ngosayizi wabantu balo, singakhohlwa ukusho amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ngalesi silwane esingajwayelekile.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Goliath Ixoxo
Ixoxo le-goliath lingele-oda lama-amphibian angenamsila, angokomndeni wamaxoxo wangempela. Amapharamitha nobukhulu bangaphandle babamele leli qembu lomndeni kwehlukile. Ezimweni eziningi, cishe wonke amalungu omndeni weqiniso wexoxo avame ukuba nesikhumba esimanzi futhi esibushelelezi. Ososayensi bahlukanisa izinhlobo ezingama-395 kanye nemikhakha engama-26 kulo mndeni.
Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi leli xoxo laqanjwa ngeqhawe laseBhayibhelini, iqhawe elikhulu-umFilisti uGoliyati (2.77 m ubude), ngoba ngokobukhulu bayo le amphibiya ithatha indawo yokuqala yodumo emhlabeni wonke, iyiselesele elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni wethu. Abantu bomdabu bezindawo lapho ixoxo lahlala khona, ngothando bametha igama elithi "nia-moa", elihumusha ngokuthi "indodana".
Ividiyo: UGoliathi Ixoxo
Mayelana nalelixoxo selaziwa kamuva nje. Amaphayona ayo yizazi zezilwane zaseYurophu, ezathola isidalwa esinobuqhawe kangaka kuphela ngo-1906. Abantu abaningi banombuzo: "Ubungeke kanjani uqaphele isele elikhulu kangaka ngaphambilini?!" Mhlawumbe impendulo ilele kumlingiswa weselesele, okuthi, yize usayizi wawo uqinile, unamahloni kakhulu, uqaphe ngendlela eyisimanga futhi uyimfihlo kakhulu.
Mayelana nalokhu, le amphibian ifundwe kancane kakhulu, ama-nuances amaningi empilo yayo ayimfihlakalo kithi kuze kube namuhla. Kufanele kungezwe ukuthi yize ixoxo le-goliath linosayizi oqinile, ngokubukeka lifana kakhulu nezihlobo zalo ezincane.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ixoxo Elikhulu likaGoliyati
Kuyamangaza nje ukuthi ubude bomzimba wexoxo okweqanda bucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-32 (lokhu akubhekwa ngaphandle kwezidladla ezinkulu), ngokwesilinganiso, ubukhulu bamaxoxo amakhulu buhluka kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-3.5 kg, kepha kunezibonelo ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu, isisindo sazo singafinyelela ku-6 kg. okumangazayo nje. Uma ubheka izithombe ezibonisa izingane ziphethe ixoxo likagoliathi ezandleni zazo, omunye umangazwa kakhulu ngosayizi omkhulu walezi zintokazi eziphila ezweni nasemanzini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Uma ulinganisa ubude bexoxo le-goliath kanye nezitho zalo ezinwetshiwe nezinamandla, khona-ke kuzoba wonke ama-90 cm noma ngisho nangaphezulu.
Ngokuphathelene nokubukeka kwawo, ama-goliath afana ncamashi namanye amaxoxo (uma unganaki ubukhulu bawo). Umbala wesikhumba sexoxo ogqamile uluhlaza okotshani, lapho kubonakala khona amabala athile ansundu (ebb).
Isisu, isilevu nohlangothi lwangaphakathi lwezidladla zinethoni elula, okungaba:
- umhlophe ongcolile;
- beige;
- okuphuzi okunsundu;
- okuphuzi okuluhlaza okotshani.
Isifunda se-dorsal samaxoxo sishwabene, ama-tubercles ahlukahlukene abonakala kuso. Amehlo exoxo akhulu ngokwanele, aneris eliphuzi elisagolide nelabafundi abheke phezulu, akhishwa, okujwayelekile kuwo wonke amaxoxo. Izitho zangemuva zihlaba umxhwele kakhulu futhi zinde, ubude bazo bungafinyelela kuma-60 cm, acishe aphindwe kabili kunawo wonke umzimba wexoxo. Izinzwane nazo zinkulu futhi ziyindilinga, zixhunywe ulwelwesi (emilenzeni yangemuva).
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-Afrika nama-gourmets aseFrance asemzingeleni wangempela wemilenze emikhulu futhi eyinyama ye-goliath, ehlukaniswa njengezibiliboco. Konke lokhu kunomthelela omubi kakhulu kubantu beselesele.
Ngokuqondene ne-dimorphism yezocansi, ikhona kula maxoxo: abesilisa babukeka bancane kakhulu, futhi ubude bomzimba wabesifazane bude kakhulu. Cabanga nje ukuthi ixoxo likagoliyati lingenza igxathu elikhulu lemitha emithathu!
Ihlala kuphi ixoxo?
Isithombe: I-African Goliath Frog
Sijwayele ukucabanga ukuthi amaxhaphozi athandwa amaselesele, awakhethi kakhulu futhi akhethi izindawo zawo zokuhlala futhi angahlala ngokuthula nangenjabulo emizimbeni yamanzi engcolile, ethanda ngisho namachibi alula. Konke lokhu akuhlangene nakancane nexoxo le-goliath, likhetha ngokucophelela nangokucophelela izindawo zokuthunyelwa kwalo unomphela, lisondela ngokuziphendulela kule nqubo ebaluleke kakhulu, lapho inhlalakahle yaso yesikhathi esizayo incike kuyo. Ama-Goliath athanda kuphela leyo mizimba yamanzi lapho amanzi ecwebezela njengekristalu, anokushisa okuthile futhi acebile nge-oxygen.
Amaxoxo amakhulu athanda amanzi agelezayo, athanda izimpophoma ezishisayo, imifula enomsinga osheshayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhetha indawo yokuhlala umbuso wamanzi wokushisa, okufanele agcinwe ebangeni kusuka kuma-degree ayi-17 kuye kwangama-23 anophawu lokuhlanganisa. Ukuba khona komswakama ophezulu (kuze kube ngamaphesenti angama-90) nakho kuyathandeka empilweni yalezi zinhlobo zasemanzini. Amaselesele kaGoliyati achitha isikhathi esiningi sasemini ehleli emaphethelweni anamadwala, ahlala efuthwa yizimpophoma nezinhlelo zemifula ezigeleza ngokushesha.
Ngokuqondene nezindawo ezihlala lawa maselesele, laba bantu abakhulu kakhulu bangabahlali bokuqukethwe okushisayo base-Afrika, abahlala endaweni encane kakhulu kuyo.
Ama-Goliath ahlala:
- i-equatorial Guinea (ikakhulukazi iGulf of Guinea);
- eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeCameroon;
- IGabon (ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi la maxoxo ahlala lapha, kepha akukakaqinisekiswa).
Idla ini ixoxo likagoliathi?
Isithombe: Giant Goliath Frog
Njengoba i-goliath inkulu kakhulu, udinga ukudla okuningi, ngoba unesifiso sobuqhawe. Ukuzingela kwenzeka ikakhulukazi kusihlwa, ngokusobala ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha. Amaxoxo afuna inyamazane yawo emhlabeni nasemanzini. Izitsha ezivelele kwimenyu zingenamgogodla nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane.
Ngakho-ke, ama-goliath ngeke adele:
- izibungu;
- izicabucabu;
- ama-crustaceans;
- izibungu;
- izinkumbi;
- amaphela;
- izintethe.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu okungenhla, imenyu yamaxoxo iqukethe ezinye izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini, izinhlanzi, ofezela, amagundane amancane, izibankwa, izinyoni ezincane (noma amachwane) ngisho nabantu bezinyoka. Ama-Goliath anezindlela zawo zokuzingela: lapho ebone ukudla okulula, ixoxo ngokugxuma okusheshayo (lingafinyelela kumamitha amathathu ubude) lifica isisulu. Ukugxuma, amaxoxo amakhulu acindezela isisulu phansi, asimangaze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-goliath uqhubekela esidlweni ngokushesha, athathe isidlo, asikhame ngosizo lwemihlathi enamandla futhi asigwinye siphelele, okujwayelekile ngohlobo lwamaxoxo.
Izinambuzane ezincane, njengamanye amaxoxo, ama-goliath abamba ngolimi lwawo, ezigwinya ngejubane lombani. Kufanele kungezwe ukuthi izisulu eziningi aziboni ngisho neselesele emkhakheni wazo wombono. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-goliath iyakwazi ukuhlasela ikude, iba nokuqapha okungakholeki, futhi ifihlwe kahle, ihlangana ngokuphelele nezinsika ezinamadwala ezingaphezulu kwamanzi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Goliath Ixoxo
Amaxoxo kaGoliyati ajwayele ukuqapha, ahlala eqaphile, ngobukhulu bawo obukhulu anesimilo esizolile futhi esesabekayo. Ukukhetha indawo ematsheni okuphumula kosuku, ama-amphibians, okokuqala, qaphela ukuthi umbono wendawo ezungezile awuthikamezeki, ngakho-ke bazobona masinyane lowo onenhliziyo embi futhi bazosindiswa. Mangisho ukuthi ukuzwa kwamaxoxo kumane nje kuhle kakhulu, futhi ukuqapha kwabo kungaba nomona, bayakwazi ukubona isitha esihambayo noma inyamazane ebangeni lamamitha angama-40.
Ukubamba u-goliath akuyona into elula. Ebona ingozi encane, ungena ngokushesha emanzini, acashe emfuleni ovuthayo ovuthayo, lapho angafika khona kusuka emizuzwini eyishumi kuya kwengu-15. Lapho zonke izinto ezingathandeki zisale ngemuva, ichopho lekhala lexoxo kanye namehlo amabili aqhamukayo avele kuqala ebusweni besiziba, bese kuqhamuka umzimba wonke. Ixoxo lihamba emanzini ngamajezi angena ngezikhathi ezithile, nasemhlabeni - ngokugxuma. Lawa ma-amphibian aqinile impela ngoba nqoba kalula imisinga esheshayo neyaluzayo.
Ngokuvamile, kunzima kakhulu ukutadisha umsebenzi obalulekile walezi zinhlobo ezinkulu zasemanzini, zihola ukuphila okuthule kakhulu nokungabonakali. Njengoba ekhethe uthango olunamadwala olwakha impophoma, uGoliyati angahlala phezu kwalo isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokunyakaza okukodwa, njengoba ejwayele ukwenza emini, nasebusuku ufuna ukudla. Amaxoxo awasheleli ematsheni amanzi, ngoba izidladla zangaphambili zifakwe izinkomishi ezikhethekile zokudonsa, futhi imilenze yabo yangemuva inezintambo. Onke lawa madivayisi afaka ukuzinza kuwo, noma-ke, ukubekezela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ixoxo le-goliath lithule impela, ngoba ayenzi nhlobo imisindo. U-goliath onokuthula akanama-resonator akhethekile wezwi, anazo izihlobo zakhe, ngakho-ke ngeke uzwe ukukhala kuye.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ixoxo Elikhulu likaGoliyati
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi amaxoxo we-goliath izidalwa zomhlaba, isb. isele ngalinye linendawo yalo ekhaya elingaba ngamamitha-skwele angama-20. Lapho uhlala atshaliwe futhi uyazingela. Amaxoxo kaGoliyati aqala ukuzalanisa ngenkathi eyomile. Kuze kube manje, akukaze kutholakale ukuthi la manumzane athule azibiza kanjani izintokazi kuzo. Ososayensi bazi kuphela ukuthi inqubo yokukhulelwa yenzeka emanzini.
Insikazi ingazala ize ifike emaqandeni ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi (amaqanda) ngenkathi eyodwa, enobubanzi okungenani obuyi-5 mm. Amaqanda abekiwe akhangwa izigaxa ezansi nemifudlana. Akwaziwa ncamashi ngesikhathi sokufukamela, kodwa ngokusho kweminye imithombo, cishe izinsuku ezingama-70. Ubude bompempe ngamunye ozelwe bufinyelela cishe ku-8 mm; umlomo wabo unezinkomishi zokudonsa ezivela ezinhlangothini, ngosizo lwalezo zingane ezinamathele ezinsikeni zamatshe ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Ngomsila wazo oqinile nonemisipha, zingamelana nokugeleza okusheshayo. Odlavula badla izimila zasemanzini.
Inqubo yokuguqulwa ibe ngamaxoxo yenzeka lapho onoshobishoba bafinyelela kumasentimitha ama-5 ubude, bese belahla umsila. Ngaphandle komsila, amaxoxo amancane anobude obungu-3.5 cm.UGoliyathi uyavuthwa ngokocansi lapho ubude bomzimba wabo bufinyelela ku-18 cm ubude. Isikhathi sokuphila sexoxo cishe siyiminyaka eyi-15.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kunemininingwane eqoshiwe yokuthi ubude besikhathi sokuphila sexoxo lika-goliath bekuyiminyaka engama-21. Yiqiniso, lo ngumcimbi okhethekile, kodwa umxhwele impela.
Izitha zemvelo zamaxoxo ka-goliath
Isithombe: Ixoxo likaGoliyati emanzini
Yize ixoxo likaGoliath liyisidlakela phakathi kwezihlobo zalo, awukwazi ukulibiza ngesibindi nangesibindi. Unamahloni kakhulu, unesimo esimnene. Phakathi kwezitha zayo endaweni yazo engokwemvelo kukhona izingwenya; azikuthandi ukudla lezi zinambuzane ezinkulu ezinenyama. Kwesinye isikhathi izidlakela ezinkulu ezinezimpaphe zenza ukuhlaselwa emoyeni ngama-goliath, kepha ukubamba lelixoxo akuwona umsebenzi olula. Ama-Goliath aqaphele kakhulu, aqaphele kakhulu.
Amaxoxo aphila impilo eyimfihlo, ethule, ngobuciko ezifihla onqenqemeni lwamanzi anamadwala. Uma ukude, i-goliath iyakwazi ukubona futhi ibone ingozi ngenxa yokuzwa kwayo okujulile nombono omuhle kakhulu. Ixoxo liyakwazi ukubona isitha salo kusuka ebangeni elingamamitha angamashumi amane, okuvame ukusindisa impilo yalo, ngoba licasha ngokushesha ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Isitha sexoxo esiyingozi kunazo zonke, esomile futhi esingeneliseki yindoda, ngenxa yokuthi inani lama-goliaths lincipha kakhulu. Abantu bomdabu base-Afrika bazingela laba bantu basemanzini, ngoba inyama yabo ibhekwa njengesibiliboco esimnandi. Babulala amaxoxo ngemicibisholo enobuthi, amanetha nezibhamu zokuzingela. Akugcini nje ukuthi abantu base-Afrika badla inyama yeselesele, kunama-gourmets amaningi emhlabeni wonke akulungele ukukhokha imali enkulu ukunambitha lesi sibiliboco. Amaxoxo awabanjelwa kuphela izinhloso zokudla, athengwa ngabaqoqi bezilwane ezingaphandle ukuze bagcinwe ekuthunjweni.
Konke lokhu kudabukisa kakhulu, ngoba i-goliath enamandla ihlupheka ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, obudonsa futhi buhehe abantu. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu, kunzima kakhulu ukufihla iselesele, akushesha kangako njengabalingani bayo abancane. Ukwenza ukweqa okukhulu ngobude, ama-goliath asheshe akhathale, aphume futhi abe sengcupheni yokubanjwa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-African Goliath Frog
Akunandaba ukuthi kubaba kangakanani ukukubona, inani lexoxo elikhulu liyacindezela, minyaka yonke lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo zihlala zincipha. Isizathu salokhu intshisekelo yobugovu nengakaze ibonwe ngabantu kulezi zilwane eziphila emanzini nasemhlabeni, eziheha ukunakekela kubo ngenxa yokukhula kwabo okukhulu nesisindo ngamazinga amaxoxo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kunezibalo ezidumazayo ukuthi, kusukela eminyakeni yama-80s yekhulu elidlule kuze kube manje, inani lamaxoxo ka-goliath lehle ngesigamu, okuyinto engathusayo kodwa.
Umthelela womuntu kuma-goliaths uqonde ngqo (ukuzingela ngokungemthetho, ukubamba izicupho) nangokungaqondile (umsebenzi womnotho womuntu). Abantu base-Afrika badla lawa maselesele, babazingele ngenhloso yokuwathengisela ama-gourmets nezindawo zokudlela ezikwamanye amazwe, abakhokhela imali enhle ngalokhu. Abathandi be-Exotic babamba ama-goliath ukuzijabulisa, ukuze bagcwalise amaqoqo abo abazimele ngezilwane ezinjalo ezingavamile, lapho, ezimweni eziningi, kufa amaxoxo, ngoba kunzima kakhulu futhi kuyabiza ukuzinakekela.
Noma iyiphi i-zoo ifuna ukuba neyakho lexoxo ukuze imangaze izivakashi. Abantu abacabangi ukuthi lezi zidalwa ezithobekile zifuna kakhulu ezindaweni zokuhlala kwazo, ngakho-ke, ekuthunjweni, kaningi ziyafa. Amaxoxo amaningi we-goliath ayiswa e-United States, lapho abaseMelika bahlela khona imincintiswano yamaxoxo, ecekela phansi iningi lala ma-amphibian.
Abantu bahlasela ama-biotopes emvelo, bagawula amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo, bangcolisa amanzi emifula, ngakho-ke kunezindawo ezimbalwa futhi ezimbalwa lapho ixoxo likagoliath lingakhona ngokukhululeka nangokuthokoza, ngoba lihlala emanzini amsulwa kakhulu anokuqukethwe okuphezulu komoya-mpilo. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wezolimo osheshayo, abantu basusa izilwane eziningi ezindaweni zabo ezijwayelekile zokuthunyelwa, lokhu kusebenza naku-goliath, osendaweni yakhe yokusabalalisa isivele incane kakhulu. Ngokususelwa kukho konke lokhu okungenhla, yisiphetho esisodwa kuphela esiziphakamisayo - ixoxo lika-goliath lidinga izindlela ezithile zokuzivikela ukuze linganyamalali eMhlabeni.
Ukuqapha amaxoxo ka-goliath
Isithombe: Ixoxo likaGoliyati elisencwadini ebomvu
Ngakho-ke, sesivele sathola ukuthi inani lama-goliath lincane kakhulu, njengendawo yokuhlala kwabo unomphela. Izinhlangano zezokuphepha zikhala i-alamu, zizama ukusindisa le amphibian engavamile, ehlushwa usayizi wayo omangalisayo. Ngokwe-IUCN, ixoxo i-goliath libhekwa njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, libhalwe ku-International Red Book. Enye yezindlela zokuzivikela ukwethulwa kokuvinjelwa kokuzingelwa, kepha ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kuyachuma, akunakwenzeka ukukuqeda, abantu bayaqhubeka nokubulala ngokungemthetho futhi babambe amaxoxo amakhulu ngenzuzo, benakekela inzuzo yabo kuphela.
Ukugcina lezi zinhlobo, ososayensi bazamile ukuzala ama-goliaths ekuthunjweni, kepha konke lokhu akuphumelelanga.Izinhlangano zezokuphepha zenza imisebenzi yenkulumo-ze, zinxusa abantu ukuthi bakhathazeke kakhulu futhi baqaphele ngala maxoxo amakhulu, ngoba awanakho ukuzivikela futhi abuthakathaka phambi kwamanqina amabili.
I-WWF yathatha lezi zindlela zokuvikela ukusindisa ama-goliaths:
- ukwenziwa kweziqiwi ezintathu, lapho kudalwe zonke izimo ukuze amasele angamaqhawe abe noxolo futhi ajabule;
- ukuvikelwa kwezindawo zemvelo zokuthunyelwa unomphela kwama-goliath, ukusungulwa kokulawulwa kwezinye izitsha ezinkulu zemifula.
Uma ukuhambisana nazo zonke lezi zinyathelo kuqhubeka ngokuzayo, ngakho-ke, njengoba ososayensi nabanye abantu abakhathalelayo bakholelwa, kungenzeka ukuthi lolu hlobo lwamaxoxo olusengozini luzosindiswa, futhi nenani lemfuyo yalo lizokwanda kancane kancane. Into esemqoka ukuthi abantu bacabange futhi basize.
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukungeza lokho igoliathi ixoxo, eqinisweni, emangalisayo futhi okukhethekile. Ihlanganisa amandla obuqhawe kanye nesimo esimnene nesesabekayo, ukuhlaba umxhwele, ubukhulu obuqinile nobuntu obuzolile, obunokuthula, uhla olukhulu lokugxuma okuqinile nokuvilapha, ukuphuza kancane. Kubo bonke ubukhulu bayo obukhulu, le amphibi ayinabungozi futhi ayikwazi ukuzivikela, ngakho-ke kudingeka siyivikele kuyo yonke imithelela emibi neyingozi. Kufanele kusheshe, ucabange manje, ngaphandle kwalokho isikhathi sizolahleka ngokungenakuphikwa.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 04/26/2020
Usuku lokuvuselela: 02/18/2020 ngo-21: 55
