Chafer Isinambuzane somndeni we-lamellar. Lolu hlobo lwebhungane luyisinambuzane futhi luhlala lubangela ukulimala okukhulu emagatsheni amaningi ezolimo. Phambilini, inani labo labantu belikwazi ukuqukethwe (futhi kwezinye izindawo liqothulwe ngokuphelele) ngosizo lwezibulala-zinambuzane.
Kepha kusukela ngawo-1980, izinombolo zabo zaqala ukwanda futhi, ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwezinye izinhlobo zemithi yokubulala izinambuzane yezolimo. Libukeka kanjani ibhungane? Lezi zinhlobo zikhulu kakhulu ngosayizi, ezingadlula ubude obungu-3 cm.
Umzimba u-oval, omnyama noma onsundu onsundu. Igobolondo eliqinile le-chitinous lalesi sinambuzane limbozwe ngezinwele ezincane, kepha eziqinile futhi ezilukhuni ezingabonakala kalula isithombe sika-May beetle.
Kwangathi izibungu zebhungane ziyakwazi ukudala ingozi enkulu esakhiweni sensimu kunabantu abadala balezi zinhlobo. Izibungu zinamandla amakhulu futhi aqinile okumba ngawo umhlaba futhi adle ama-rhizomes ezitshalo. Njengoba zinosayizi omkhulu ngokwedlulele, izibungu ze-may beetle bend, ezifana nohlamvu "C" ngokuma.
Umzimba wayo omhlophe umbozwe ungqimba oluthambile lwe-chitinous, engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba kunamathumbu amnyama ansundu agcwele umhlaba, ngoba inhlabathi emnyama iyingxenye yokudla kwesibungu esisanda kuzalwa. Isibungu sinamabhangqa amathathu emilenze kusukela ekuzalweni. Inhloko yalesi sinambuzane ivame ukuba nsundu.
Kwangathi izibungu zebhungane zingadala umonakalo omkhulu ezweni lezolimo
Kwesinye isikhathi abantu bayahlangana oluhlaza kungenzeka ibhungane, kodwa empeleni iyinhlobo ehluke ngokuphelele, ebizwa "ngegolide lethusi". Lolu hlobo lwebhungane lucishe lube yingxenye yesithathu encane kunebhungane langoMeyi.
Ama-bronzes amadala awasebenzisi isikhathi esibalulekile kwezolimo, yize abalandeli bezimbali ezikhulayo ezindlini zabo zasehlobo bavame ukukhononda ngethusi ngokubhubhisa izitshalo ezinhle. Ngaphezu kwezimbali, zondla ngezithelo ezincane nezintsha zezihlahla zezithelo.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Kwangathi amabhungane angaphila endaweni yaseYurophu ne-Asia, bancamela ukugcwala izindawo ezinamahlathi asemahlathini namahlathi, kepha beba nezimbali zezithelo eziqhakazile noma izihlahlana ezisondelene.
Kwangathi ibhungane libaleka
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezizimele - empumalanga Kwangathi ibhungane futhi entshonalanga kungenzeka ibhungane... Yize zifana kakhulu ngokubukeka nangendlela yazo yokuphila, ibhungane elisempumalanga lithanda ukuhlala ngaphansi kombhede wehlathi, emthunzini opholile, kanti entshonalanga, efudumele futhi ethanda ukukhanya, ihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile ngokwengeziwe.
Zombili lezi zinhlobo zitholakala endaweni efanayo. Kodwa-ke, empumalanga iyakwazi ukusinda ezimweni ezinzima futhi ezibandayo. Ngakho-ke, isakazeke yonke indawo kuze kufike e-Arkhangelsk enyakatho kuze kufike e-Yakutsk empumalanga. Amabhungane aseNtshonalanga May awakaze avuke ngaphezu kweSmolensk.
Isimo nesimo sokuphila sebhungane lakwaMay
Kwangathi amabhungane angabalandeli besimiso esiqinile. Isilinganiso sabantu abaningi abafanayo noma abacishe babe munye baneminyaka yaso yobuningi ehlobo, okungajwayelekile ukushintsha. Isibonelo, ama-Rex beetle aphenduka kanye njalo eminyakeni emihlanu, kanti amaNigripes - kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-4. Lokhu akusho ukuthi la mabhungane awatholakali phakathi kwale minyaka.
Njalo ngonyaka kuphuma inani elithile lamabhungane ohlobo ngalunye. Kepha yizindiza ezinkulu ezenziwa ngokuya ngesheduli echazwe ngokuqinile yohlobo ngalunye. Kusukela ekuqaleni, ngenkathi kusengumbungu, futhi kuze kube sekupheleni kwezimpilo zabo uqobo, Kwangathi amabhungane ematasa efuna ukudla futhi akumunce.
Lapho nje zivela emhlabathini, azihambi ngokushesha, zingena emiqhele yamaqabunga amasha aluhlaza, amahlumela amancane bese ziqala ukumunca ngokuhlelekile futhi ngokushesha konke okulungele le njongo. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi eside, amabhungane kaMay abe yinhlekelele yangempela kwezolimo, edla futhi onakalisa iningi lesivuno.
Ngo-1968, cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-30 zeminyaka kaMay mabhungane zabanjwa zacekelwa phansi eSaxony. Ngokuya ngesisindo esimaphakathi, singaphetha ngokuthi ngaleso sikhathi kwacekelwa phansi cishe amabhungane ayizigidi eziyi-15. Ezweni lesimanje, ukwanda kwenani lamabhungane kubantu abafanayo kungaholela enhlekeleleni yangempela emkhakheni wezolimo nezimboni.
Kunezindlela eziningi indlela yokubhekana nebhungane... Phambilini, imiphumela ephumelele kakhulu ibitholwa ngokufafaza amasimu nezindawo eziseduze ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane. Kepha ngenxa yengozi ethwalwa yile ndlela kubantu, bekufanele ishiywe.
Izakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo ziqoqa ngesandla amabhungane amadala ezigcemeni zazo, kanti izibungu ziyabhujiswa ngesikhathi sokususa ukhula nokumba inhlabathi. Kepha okuthembisayo kunazo zonke indlela yokuvala inzalo yamabhungane angamaduna ngemisebe ye-ionizing.
Le ndlela ivumela ukunciphisa inani lesizukulwane esilandelayo samabhungane ngo-75 - 100%. Kepha, ngeshwa, le ndlela ayikakafundwa ngokuphelele futhi ayinakusetshenziswa yonke indawo kulesi sigaba sokuthuthuka.
Kwangathi ukudla kwebhungane
Usuvele waqonda ukuthi i-May beetle iyisilonda esibuhlungu sezingadi namasimu. Kodwa yini ngempela ayidlayo? Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, isibungu sebhungane sidla izimpande zezitshalo. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, izimpande ezincane ezincane kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, izimpande zotshani otshanini, ziya ekudleni kwezibungu ezisanda kuvela.
Kwangathi ibhungane ehlobo
Ngonyaka ngamunye olandelayo wokuphila, imihlathi yalesi sinambuzane iyaqiniswa, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwandisa ukudla. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izibungu zebhungane zidla izimpande zamazambane, ama-strawberry, ummbila, izithelo kanye nama-conifers. Ngenxa yalokho, izitshalo zizobuna kancane futhi zife. Umuntu omdala udla amaqabunga, amaqabunga amasha aluhlaza, izimbali zezihlahla nezihlahlana.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, owesilisa uyafa, bese kuthi ibhungane lesifazane elikhulelwe livundle emhlabathini lize lifinyelele cishe ku-30 cm bese lizalela amaqanda angama-50 kuye kwangama-70. Cishe emva kwenyanga nengxenye kuya kwezinyanga ezimbili, izibungu ziyaqanduselwa emaqandeni, ahlala enhlabathini iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu.
Iziphungumangathi zebhungane
Ezikhathini kusuka entwasahlobo kuye ekwindla, izibungu zikhuphuka zisondele ebusweni bomhlaba ukuze zidliwe, futhi lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo zehlela phansi ebusika. Ngasekupheleni kokukhula kwayo, ngemuva kokudlula kuma-molts amaningana, lesi sibungu siyacwila okokugcina emhlabathini ukuze kuhlale ubusika bese sidlulela esigabeni esilandelayo sentuthuko - isiphungumangathi.
Isigaxa esimweni saso sesivele sifana nebhungane elidala, kepha limhlophe kuphela. Ayikwazi ukunyakaza noma ukukhula, kepha isivele inamaphiko amafushane. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, iziphungumangathi ekugcineni ziguqulwa zibe ngabantu abadala bebhungane likaMeyi - baba negobolondo eliqinile le-chitinous, izitho zokuzwa nokubona, imilenze namaphiko.
Kodwa-ke, abantu abadala abazimele baphuma emhlabathini kuphela entwasahlobo, yingakho, empeleni, la mabhungane athola igama lawo. Ukuvela kwebhungane likaMeyi ensimini kusongela ngokufa kwesitshalo, noma ngenkinga enkulu kakhulu ngokuvunwa kwezibungu namabhungane.
Kepha usizo kubahlali basehlobo kulo msebenzi onzima lungavela ohlangothini olungalindelekile ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwezitha zemvelo ezinjenge-rooks, jackdaws, magpies, jays nezinye izinyoni, ama-may beetle adliwa izinja namakati ejwayelekile.
Izilwane ezifuywayo zijabule kakhulu ukuzingela lezi zinambuzane ezincane. Izilwane ezincane ezinesizotha nezinobuciko zidlala ngenjabulo ngesisulu esikhulu nesithakazelisayo, esiheha ukubhuza kwaso.
Futhi, ngaphandle kokujabula okuncane, ngemuva kwemidlalo amakati adla isisulu sawo. Isengezo sokudla esinjalo ekudleni okujwayelekile kwesilwane sakho ngeke nje silimaze, kepha futhi sizoba lusizo, ngoba "ubisi" olunamafutha kungenzeka ukuthi amabhungane angukudla okuphezulu kakhulu kwamaprotheni.
