Inja ye-raccoon (i-Nyсtereutes prosyonoides) iyisilwane esidla ezinye, isilwane esincelisayo esinamandla omndeni we-canine noma we-canine. Abamele lolu hlobo baziwa nangokuthi yi-Ussuri raccoon fox, Ussuri raccoon noma i-raccoon.
Incazelo yenja ye-raccoon
Ama-raccoon nezinja ze-raccoon, ngaphandle kokufana okukhulu kwamagama, yizilwane ezifanayo ngokubukeka, ezinomehluko omkhulu kakhulu. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kuze kube manje, kwezinye izindawo igama lokuqala lenja ye-raccoon - i-mangut noma i-tanuki - ligcinwe kahle.
Ukubukeka
Inja ye-raccoon ingeyesigaba sezilwane eziphakathi nendawo... Usayizi womzimba wesilwane esincelisayo esinjalo esidlangalaleni kuyaqabukela weqe owenja encane. Isilinganiso sobude bomuntu omdala silinganiselwa ku-65-80 cm ngobude bomsila obungu-15-25 cm kanye nesisindo somzimba esingu-4-10 kg. Umzingeli unomzimba oqinile kakhulu onemilenze emifushane. Ngombala wayo wesifonyo nombala woboya, inja ye-raccoon ifana kakhulu nombala we-raccoon enemigqa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kukhona nabantu bezinja ze-raccoon, ezibonakala ngombala obomvu obomvu, kanye ne-Ussuri albino raccoons enoboya obumhlophe.
Uboya obude futhi obukhulu, kodwa obugqamile bubonakala ngombala onsundu noma ompunga onsundu. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba wesilwane ilula, futhi esifundeni segquma kukhona umugqa omnyama oyisici. Ubuso besilwane esincelisayo esidliwayo buhlotshiswe nge "raccoon mask" ebonakala kahle, enombala omnyama, nasezihlathini kukhona "intshebe" yombala ompunga. Umsila ubumbekile futhi mfushane, ngaphandle kwemivimbo eshintshiwe.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nomlingiswa
Isilwane esincelisayo ngokuvamile sidla imisele eshiywe izimpungushe noma izimbila ukuze sihlele ikhaya laso... Izinja ze-Raccoon zingasebenzisa imifantu enamadwala nokudangala phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla ezinde eziminyene noma izihlahla njengendawo yazo yokuhlala. Ngokwemvelo yayo, i-Ussuri raccoon ayithobeki kakhulu, ngakho-ke, iyakwazi ukwaneliseka ngemibhede evulekile uma kunesidingo. Kweminye iminyaka, umhlaseli ukhetha indawo eseduze nemizana noma imigwaqo. Isilwane esincelisayo sisesigabeni sezilwane ezidla ebusuku, ngakho-ke sishiya ikhaya laso kusihlwa kuphela.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isilwane esincelisayo kakhulu akuvamile ukuthi singene empini evulekile nesitha, ngakho-ke, lapho kunesibonakaliso esincane sengozi, isilwane sikhetha ukucasha noma senze sengathi sifile.
Esikhathini esibandayo sasebusika, i-Ussuri raccoon, ngokungafani neningi labafowabo abangabomndeni we-canine, ilele ebusika obude, kepha obungajulile, obuhambisana nokwehla okukhulu komsebenzi wazo zonke izinqubo zemvelo ezenzeka emzimbeni wesilwane. Umzingeli uhlala kulesi simo phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo kakhulu zasebusika. Ebusika obufudumele obenele, izinja ze-raccoon zivame ukuhlala ziphapheme futhi zicashe ngaphakathi kwamakhaya azo kuphela lapho kunezivunguvungu ezinamandla zeqhwa noma ngezinsuku ezinesithwathwa kakhulu.
Izindawo eziyizintandokazi zenja ye-raccoon yizindawo ezimanzi ezimanzi ezinezindawo eziphansi ezakhiwe kahle, kanye namathafa ezikhukhula agcwele imifula nezindawo zehlathi endaweni esogwini, ebonakala ngomhlonyane ominyene impela. Ngaphandle kokufana kwangaphandle nama-raccoon, kuyo yonke imikhuba yayo inja ye-raccoon ifana kakhulu nempungushe. Ngenkathi yasentwasahlobo, uboya be-Ussuri raccoon buya ngokungajwayelekile futhi bufiphale, ngenxa yokuthi isilwane esincelisayo sithola ukubukeka okuncane "okuwubudlabha".
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ezimweni zemvelo, isilwane sasendle, njengomthetho, asiphili ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu. Ngaphezu kwezitha zemvelo, i-epizootic ye-piroplasmosis kanye nokutheleleka ngegciwane le-rabies nakho kubangela ukufa kwabantu abaningi. Lapho zigcinwa ekhaya, izinja ze-raccoon zingaphila iminyaka eyishumi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi nangaphezulu.
Indawo yokuhlala nezindawo zokuhlala
Indawo yemvelo yenja ye-raccoon noma i-Ussuri raccoon yizindawo zamahlathi nezindawo ezingamahlathi asezintabeni ezisengxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Indochina, eChina, ezifundeni zase-Amur nasePrimorye, eJapan naseNhlonhlweni YaseKorea. Ensimini yezwe lethu, umhlaseli wezilwane ezincelisayo ekuqaleni wayetholakala kuphela eningizimu yesifunda sase-Amur nase-Ussuriisk.
Ezindaweni zase-Asia zezwe lethu, ama-raccoon angenisiwe e-Ussuri awakwazanga ukugxila kahle, kepha endaweni engxenyeni yaseYurophu, umhlaseli wazala ngokushesha, wabe esehlala emazweni amaningi aseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Isimo sezulu emazweni anjengeFinland, i-Estonia neSweden, iPoland neRomania, iCzech Republic, kanye neJalimane, iFrance neLatvia siyifanele le nja ye-raccoon.
Izitha zemvelo
Phakathi kwezitha zemvelo ze-Ussuri raccoon, indima enkulu idlalwa yizimpisi, eziqothula ngenkuthalo nezilwane ezincelisayo ezindala, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Kweminye iminyaka, izinja ze-raccoon nazo zihlaselwe yizimpisi ekwindla ngasekupheleni.
Izinja zezinja ezingama-Raccoon zingabhujiswa yizinja ezilahlekile, i-lynx nezimpungushe ezindala. Ngaphezu kwemvelo, izitha zemvelo, ukwehla okukhulu kwamanani nokufa kwabantu abaningi kuvame ukubangelwa yi-epizootic ye-piroplasmosis.
Idlani inja ye-raccoon?
Izinja ze-Raccoon yizilwane ezidla omammalia ezihlasela omamakhemikhali abanemigogodla engathuthuki kangako, izinso ezibushelelezi, kanye nomgudu wamathumbu omude. Izinhlobonhlobo zesabelo sokudla sikhulu kakhulu, kepha kunoma yiziphi izindawo ezifanele indawo yokuhlala i-Ussuri raccoon, ukusetshenziswa okuvelele kwamagundane e-murine ngezinhloso zokudla kuyisici. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, kanye nezinyoni kanye nokudla kwezitshalo kungahlukaniswa njengokudla kwesizini.
Amagundane afana kakhulu namagundane inja ye-raccoon ezondla ngawo afaka ama-voles asempumalanga nawamanzi, kanye ne-vole yezimpande ne-vole ejwayelekile. Imvamisa, ama-gerbils aba yisisekelo sokudla kwesilwane esidlayo. Izinambuzane ezifana namabhungane obulongwe, amabhungane noma amabhungane amanzi nabathandi bamanzi, amabhungane omhlabathi kanye nezinkumbi nazo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekudleni kwenja ye-raccoon. Amaxoxo kaningi kunezinye izinhlobo zasemanzini adliwa i-Ussuri raccoon ehlobo.
Okubalulekile! Izinhlanzi ezinkulu nezingenamgogodla ziqoqwa yinja yama-raccoon emgqeni osogwini noma ibanjwe echibini lemvelo eloma ehlobo.
Ukudla kwezitshalo ze-Ussuri raccoon nakho kuhluke kakhulu. Izingxenye zemifino yotshani, ama-rhizomes, kanye nembewu kungasetshenziselwa ukudla. Isilwane esincelisayo ngokuvamile sidla ama-oats, amabele namabele, amantongomane, izithelo namajikijolo, amakhabe namakhabe, kanye nezilimo eziningi zensimu.
Isikhathi sonyaka esicacile sokushintsha kokudla kwenja ye-raccoon kunqunywa yizinga elihlukile lokutholakala kwazo.... Ekwindla nasebusika, isilwane kaningi sidla ama-murine namagundane, kanti entwasahlobo nasehlobo, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinambuzane nezinhlobonhlobo zezimila kungasetshenziswa njengokudla.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi se-rutting siyahlukahluka kuye ngezimo zezulu esifundeni sokusatshalaliswa komzingeli, kepha imvamisa iqala ngoFebhuwari futhi ihlala kuze kube yizinsuku eziyishumi zokugcina zika-Ephreli. Ngokubuya kwesimo sezulu esibandayo nokuwa kweqhwa, i-rut ingaphazanyiswa noma ishintshwe amasonto ambalwa. Inja ye-raccoon ingeyesigaba sabadla bodwa, futhi ukwakheka kwamabili kwenzeka phakathi ekwindla, cishe ngo-Okthoba noma ekuqaleni kukaNovemba.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengoba umkhuba wokufuya ekhaya ukhombisa, lapho kuzaliswa ama-Ussuri raccoons ekuthunjweni, isithembu kungenzeka impela, ngakho-ke, imvamisa kuba khona abesifazane abangaba bane kowesilisa ngamunye.
Inqubo yokukhwelana ivame ukwenzeka ebusuku noma ekuseni kakhulu, futhi ithatha ukusuka emizuzwini emibili kuye engxenyeni yehora. Ukushisa kwesifazane kungathatha amahora amaningana noma izinsuku ezimbalwa, kepha kungapheli isonto. Emasontweni amathathu kamuva, noma kowesifazane ovundisiwe, i-estrus kufanele iphindwe, futhi isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinyanga ezimbalwa. Amathole azalwa ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi. Njengomthetho, izingane eziyisikhombisa zizalwa kudoti owodwa, kodwa inani lazo lingafinyelela kubantu abayishumi nanhlanu.
Amathole azalwa eyimpumputhe, futhi umzimba wawo umbozwe ngoboya obufushane, obukhulu nobuthambile, obungenazo nhlobo izinwele zokugada, isleyiti elimnyama noma elicishe libe mnyama ngombala. Isisindo somntwana osanda kuzalwa singama-60-110 g, kepha abesilisa bahlala bezalwa bebakhulu kunabesifazane. Amehlo avuleka ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi, futhi ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, amazinyo okuqala aqhuma ezinganeni. Isikhathi sokuncelisa sithatha izinyanga ezimbalwa, kepha kusukela cishe enyangeni ubudala, imidlwane iqala ukudla amaxoxo nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ezilethwe abazali bazo. Izinja zamarcoon zesilisa zibamba iqhaza elibonakalayo ekukhuliseni nasekukhuliseni izilwane ezisencane. Imidlwane ifinyelela ebusheni inezinyanga eziyishumi.
Ikhaya lasekhaya le-Ussuri raccoon
Inja ye-raccoon yinhle futhi iyadlala, ilula kakhulu ukugcina futhi ayizithobi isilwane esingajwayelekile. Ukugwema izinkinga ngalesi silwane esingavamile, i-Ussuri raccoon puppy kufanele ithengwe kubafuyi, kulabo okuthiwa "abazali basekhaya". Ngaphambi kokuthenga umdlwane, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela izithandani ezingabazali, kanye nokuhlola hhayi kuphela ubuntu babo, kepha futhi "nokufuya" kwabo.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Izindleko ezijwayelekile ze-Ussuri raccoon puppy esekhulile evela kubhangqa bomzali wasekhaya cishe zingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15, futhi intengo yabantu basendle ababanjwe ezimweni zemvelo ingaba ncane kakhulu.
Imidlwane enezinyanga ezimbili ubudala kufanele ilungiswe kahle futhi ibe nempilo ngokuphelele, futhi ithambe futhi ibe nesifiso esihle sokudla, kepha kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukukhulisa nokuqeqesha ikhaya elinjalo eliyingqayizivele ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Inja ye-raccoon ayikwazi ukuthanjiswa kusukela ekuzalweni. Ngokukhuliswa okulungile, umhlaseli wasekhaya uzoba nothando futhi abe nobungane kakhulu, angabi namahloni noma abe nolaka.
Ekhaya, izinja ze-raccoon zingaphila iminyaka eyishumi noma ngaphezulu, ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokunakekelwa okuhle.... Lapho unonyaka owodwa, isilwane esingajwayelekile kufanele sigonyelwe i-leptospirosis namarabi nakanjani. Yonke imigomo enikezwa isilwane kufanele ibhalwe kwipasipoti ekhethekile yezilwane.
Inani loboya benja ye-raccoon
Ukucaca kwenja ye-raccoon kukhulu futhi kubude, bunamandla anele, kodwa uboya oburhabaxa. Ezimweni zokuzalaniswa kwezindlu zezinyosi, ngaphezu koboya, kungenzeka ukuthi uthole ezilwaneni inani elanele lokuphansi, okuthi ezinhlotsheni zalo zekhwalithi eliyinhloko liphansi kancane kunembuzi.
Impango ebanzi yezentengiselwano yabantu abadala base-Ussuri raccoon yenziwa kusukela ngoNovemba kuya ekwakhiweni kwekhava elijulile leqhwa, njengomthetho, ngaphambi kukaFebhuwari.
Ensimini yaseMpumalanga Ekude, indlela eyinhloko yokuthola uboya be-Ussuri raccoon ukuphishekela isilwane esincelisayo emikhondweni yaso, ebusuku, nge-husky noma enye inja yohlobo lokuzingela. Imvamisa, inja ye-raccoon ibanjwa endleleni, ngenkathi kuzingelwa ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane eziwusizo ezithwala uboya.
Isigaba sokuqala sifaka izikhumba zasebusika ze-Ussuri raccoon ezinekhava eyakhiwe ngokuphelele, equkethe ubude obucwebezelayo, kodwa obukhuni, kanye nobukhulu phansi. Inyama yoboya obunjalo mncane futhi ilula. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sasebusika, uboya buthola ukufiphala okuncane futhi kubonakala ezindaweni ngokuvuvukala phansi. Uboya obutholakala entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla ekuqaleni kwesikhathi bubonakala ngokuba buthuntu kanye ne-awn encanyana, inyama ejiyile neqhubu phansi.
Intengo ngqo incike ezidingweni zemakethe yoboya yalezi zinhlobo zoboya basendle. Izingubo zoboya ezinhle kakhulu zithungelwe kusuka koboya bemvelo futhi obunamabala, kanye namakhola we-chic namasokisi.
