I-Ob ngumfula ogeleza unqamule insimu yeRussian Federation futhi ungomunye wemifula emikhulu emhlabeni. Ubude bayo ngamakhilomitha angu-3,650. I-Ob igelezela olwandle lwaseKara. Izindawo eziningi zihlala ezindaweni ezisogwini, phakathi kwazo kunamadolobha ayizikhungo zezifunda. Umfula usetshenziswa ngabantu futhi ubhekene nomthwalo omkhulu we-anthropogenic.
Incazelo yomfula
I-Ob ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: phezulu, maphakathi nangaphansi. Zihlukile ngesimo sokondla nesiqondiso sokugeleza. Ekuqaleni kwendlela, isiteshi senza ukugoba okuningi, ngokungazelelwe futhi kuvame ukuguqula indlela ejwayelekile. Ugeleza kuqala empumalanga, bese entshonalanga, bese enyakatho. Kamuva, isiteshi siba nokuzinza okuthe xaxa, futhi manje amandla athambekela oLwandle lwaseKara.
Endleleni yayo, i-Ob inemingenela eminingi ngesimo semifula emikhulu nemincane. Kukhona isakhiwo esikhulu sokuphehla ugesi samanzi esiteshini samandla kagesi seNovosibirsk esinedamu. Kwenye yezindawo, umlomo uhlukene phakathi, wakhe imifudlana emibili yomfula, ebizwa ngeMalaya neBolshaya Ob.
Yize inqwaba yemifula igelezela emfuleni, i-Ob yondliwa kakhulu yiqhwa, okungukuthi, ngenxa yezikhukhula. Entwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa liyancibilika, amanzi agelezela ogwini lomfula, akha iziqu ezinkulu eqhweni. Izinga esiteshini liyakhuphuka ngisho nangaphambi kokuba iqhwa liqhume. Empeleni, ukukhuphuka kwezinga nokugcwaliswa okukhulu kwesiteshi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqhekekeni kweqhwa entwasahlobo. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, umfula ugcwaliswa yimvula nemifudlana evela ezintabeni ezizungezile.
Ukusetshenziswa komfula ngabantu
Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo nokujula okuhloniphekile, okufinyelela kumamitha ayi-15, i-Ob isetshenziselwa ukuzulazula. Ngobude bonke, izingxenye ezihlukanisiwe, zikhawulelwe ezindaweni ezithile. Kokubili ukuthuthwa kwempahla kanye nabagibeli kwenziwa eceleni komfula. Abantu baqala ukuhambisa abantu ngasemfuleni i-Ob kudala. Udlale indima ebalulekile ekuthumeleni iziboshwa ezindaweni eziseNyakatho Ekude naseSiberia.
Isikhathi eside, lo mfula omkhulu waseSiberia wadlala indima yokuba ngumhlengikazi, enikeza izakhamuzi zendawo inani elikhulu lezinhlanzi. Izinhlobo eziningi zitholakala lapha - i-sturgeon, i-sterlet, i-nelma, i-pike. Kukhona futhi okulula: i-carpian crucian, i-perch, i-roach. Izinhlanzi bezilokhu zihlala endaweni ekhethekile ekudleni kwabantu baseSiberia; lapha kuyabiliswa, kuthosiwe, kuyabhema, kuyomiswa, kusetshenziselwa ukubhaka ophaya bezinhlanzi abathandekayo.
I-Ob isetshenziswa futhi njengomthombo wamanzi okuphuza. Ngokuyinhloko, kwakhiwa idamu laseNovosibirsk, ngenhloso yokunikeza amanzi edolobheni elinabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi. Ngokomlando, amanzi omfula ayesetshenziswa unyaka wonke hhayi kuphela ngezidingo zokuphelisa ukoma, kepha nangemisebenzi yezomnotho.
Izinkinga zika-Obi
Ukungenelela komuntu ezinhlelweni zemvelo kuyaqabukela ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi. Ngokuthuthuka kweSiberia nokwakhiwa kwamadolobha asogwini lomfula, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kwaqala. Kakade ngekhulu le-19, inkinga yendle nendle yamahhashi yokungena kulesi siteshi yaphuthuma. Lesi sakamuva sawela emfuleni ebusika, lapho kubekwa umgwaqo eqhweni eliqinile, okusetshenziswa imikhono enamahhashi. Ukuncibilika kweqhwa kwaholela ekungeneni komquba emanzini nokuqala kwezinqubo zokubola kwawo.
Kulezi zinsuku, i-Ob nayo ingaphansi kokungcoliswa yizinhlobonhlobo zamanzi angcolile asekhaya nawezimboni, kanye nodoti ojwayelekile. Imikhumbi edlulayo yengeza uwoyela wenjini nokuxazulula amagesi okukhipha okukhipha izinjini zemikhumbi emanzini.
Izinguquko ekwakhiweni kwamanzi, ukuphazanyiswa kokugeleza kwemvelo ezindaweni ezithile, kanye nokudoba ukuzala kuye kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zasemanzini zifakiwe kwiRed Book yaseRussia.
