Ikati lasehlathini - indoda enhle enomusa. Inkulu ngokwanele uma iqhathaniswa nekati elijwayelekile, ifana ne-lynx ngokubukeka nombala. Ngaphezu kokukhulu, ungathola amanye amagama alesi silwane: indlu, ikati lasehlathini, ixhaphozi le-lynx, ikati leNayile. Lesi silwane esidla ubhedu sisohlwini lweRed Book ezweni lethu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ikati laseJungle
Ikati lasehlathini laziwa kusukela endulo, abaseGibhithe babelibiza ngokuthi "iNayile". Babengabokuqala ukuyithambisa, kwenzeka eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu eyedlule. Ngalesi sidlo esithakazelisa kakhulu bazingela amadada. Lokhu kwaziwa ngenxa yemidwebo yamatshe etholakele, ekhombisa ukuthi amakati abhukuda kanjani ngokudla kwabantu. Ikati laphinde lathola igama lesibili lesidlaliso "indlu" kubantu baseGibhithe, lihumusha ngokuthi "indlu", ngoba leli kati lalihlala ezindlini zabo.
Phambilini, la makati ayeyizilwane ezifuywayo ezithandwayo emazweni ahlukene angama-25 emhlabeni jikelele, yize idumela lawo lalivame ukungabazeka. Kwabaningi, le ndlu yahlala isilwane esidlayo nesiyingozi esasingakuthandi ukudla izinkukhu, ngakho-ke babesatshwa ezigodini. Omunye wabokuqala ukuchaza lolu hlobo lwezilwane kwaba ngumhambi kanye nesazi semvelo uJohann Anton Guldenstedt, owayesebenza kuCatherine II ngenkathi evakashela emingceleni eseningizimu yoMbuso waseRussia, lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1776.
Noma kunjalo, ngalezo zinsuku kwakukhona abathandi bekati futhi kuzalwa uhlobo olusha, olufana kakhulu nekati lasehlathini, kepha hhayi olunolaka nolubi. Lokhu kuzuzwe ngokuwela ikati elijwayelekile lasekhaya kanye nekati leNayile. Uhlobo oluzalwayo lwaqanjwa kwathiwa - "Felis chaus", bekukholelwa ukuthi banokuthambekela okuguqukayo ngokwengeziwe.
Kwabe sekuzalelwa ezinye izinhlobo ezahlotshaniswa, ezazingafani neze nekati lasehlathini, kodwa zazinobuntu obumnene. Manje umhlaba usuhlalwa yizinhlobo eziyi-10 zezinhlobo zamaxhaphozi ezinamaxhaphozi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ikati lehlathi lasendle
Uma kuqhathaniswa nekati elijwayelekile, ikati lasehlathini linobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu. Umzimba wekati lasendle ungama-60 kuya kuma-90 cm ubude, kungabalwa umsila, ofinyelela ku-30 - 35 cm ubude. Isisindo naso sikhulu kakhulu - kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-12 kg. Ikati lifinyelela ekuphakameni kwengxenye yemitha lapho libuna. Amakati amancane ahlala eThailand nasesiqhingini saseSri Lanka, kanti amakhulu kunawo wonke abonakala eCaucasus nasePalestine.
Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi ikati lasehlathini lihlotshaniswa ne-lynx, ngoba konke ukubonakala kwayo kufana ngokusobala nayo, kokubili ngombala nangezintswazi ezimnyama ezihlekisayo ezindlebeni zayo. Umbala wekati u-grey-sandy ngombala, ofana nombala womhlanga owomile. Kukhona iphethini elishiwo kancane kuyo ngesimo samabala amnyama noma imivimbo, iyabonakala kakhulu kubantu abancane namazinyane, ikakhulukazi, imivimbo isendaweni yemilenze nomsila. Uboya bekati abukho bude, bukhali. Ehlobo liphuma kakhulu, kuthi ebusika ligcwale liphinde libe mkhulu kakhulu.
Ithoni yombala yamakati eNayile angahluka kancane, kuya ngesifunda sendawo yazo yokuhlala, kwenzeka:
- isihlabathi esilula;
- okuphuzi ngokubomvu;
- nsundu ngokukhanyayo;
- okuphuzi okumpunga.
Izidladla zamakati ehlathi zinamandla amakhulu, ziqinile ngezinzipho ezinkulu ezibukhali. Umphimbo wekati lasehlathini uyindilinga futhi ulengiswe ezansi, ngosayizi ophakathi nendawo maqondana nokwakhiwa kwawo. Izici zangaphandle zekati leNayile zihambelana ngokuphelele nawo wonke ama-feline, futhi umbala wejazi loboya uyivumela ukuthi ihlangane kalula nezindawo zemvelo zezindawo lapho ihlala khona.
Uhlala kuphi ikati lehlathi?
Isithombe: Ikati laseJungle ngokwemvelo
Amakati e-Jungle athanda isimo sezulu esifudumele, ngenxa yokuthi i-Asia Ephakathi kanye nogu lweCaspian yizindawo zabo abazithandayo zokuhlala. Futhi, bahlala eduze nemifula yase-Afrika (iNayile), eThailand, esiqhingini saseSri Lanka, ePalestine, eNdiya, e-Indochina, empumalanga ye-Eurasia, eCaucasus. Endaweni ye-Russian Federation, ngaphandle koLwandle lweCaspian, zingatholakala eDagestan nasezindaweni eziphansi zoMfula iVolga.
Amakati ayazizonda izindawo ezivulekile, ngakho-ke aphuma kuzo ngezikhathi ezingavamile, ngaphandle kokushiya kude nendawo yokuthunyelwa unomphela. Amakati adumisa amahlathi nezihlahlana zomhlanga, lapho ezizwa ekhululekile kakhulu futhi ephephile. Izimpawu zithanda ukuhlala ehlathini elisogwini nasezindaweni zomhlanga. Izindlu azikuthandi nakancane ukwakha izindlu zazo zokuhlala, kepha zikhetha ukuhlala emigodini engenalutho yezimbungulu nezimbiza. Abahlali kuzo isikhathi eside, ngaso sonke isikhathi bethuthela ezindaweni ezintsha ngezinjongo zokuphepha. Ogwini ungabona amathrekhi ekati, lawa ngamakati ehlathi awashiya phansi ekujuleni. Zibhukuda futhi zehle kahle, zizingela zombili izinyoni zamanzi nezinhlanzi.
Uma ikati lihlala endaweni enezintaba, khona-ke ayithandi ukukhuphuka ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-800 - 1000, ikhetha amahlathi ayo anehlathi, imvamisa enameva. Ikati alifuni ikakhulukazi ukuxhumana nabantu, lihola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo neqaphile. Ngesikhathi samakhaza asebusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, angavakashela amadolobhana abantu, ahlasele izigangi, ngenhloso yokweba izinkukhu, athanda ukuzidla.
Idlani ikati lehlathi?
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani ikati lasehlathini
Singasho ukuthi ikati lasehlathini liyisilwane esidla omunyu esidla cishe yonke into ewela ngaphansi kwezidladla zayo ezicijile. Akakuthandi ukudla izinyoni, ukuzibamba lapho zindiza, amaqanda ezidleke nawo ayingxenye yokudla kwakhe. Ibamba ikati nazo zonke izinhlobo zamagundane (amagundane asensimini, ama-gopher, ama-martens), ahlala ngaseminkini, elinde inyamazane amahora. Ikati ngeke linqabe noma yiziphi izinambuzane ngisho nezilwane eziphila ezweni, lingadla amaxoxo, izibankwa nezinyoka. Ikati lasehlathini lingazitholela unogwaja omhlophe, noma ingulube encane yasendle, uma ithuba livela. Uzingela inyoni ehlala emanzini, ibambe izinhlanzi. Akusikho nje ukuqondana kwezinto ukuthi udilika futhi abhukude kahle.
Kuyafaneleka ukugxila ekutheni ikati lithandeka kanjani ekudobeni. Ishaya kancane isidladla sayo emanzini, inikeze umbono wesinambuzane esintengayo, esiyenga izinhlanzi. Uma ibhukuda, iwela ngokushesha kuzipho zezinzipho ezibukhali ezikhishwe ngobuhlakani. Ukuze liyidobhe, ikati lifaka ikhanda lalo ngqo emanzini.
Indlu iya kozingela ngokushesha lapho sekuhwalala. Ibheka inyamazane futhi isebenze cishe ithule, ingafica isisulu sayo ngokugxuma okukodwa okuhle, okuyikhono ngobuciko futhi ishunqise umbani ngokushesha.
Phakathi kwabantu basemakhaya, ikati laziwa njengomphangi nesela, elihlasela izindlu zezinkukhu, litshontsha izinkukhu nezinye izinkukhu, futhi lingebe ngisho nengulube encane. Yiqiniso, ikati lasehlathini likwenza konke lokhu kaningi, ngoba uncamela ukungasondeli lapho kuhlala khona abantu. Ngokuyinhloko, ukuphanga kwenzeka ngesikhathi esibandayo sasebusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho kunzima ukuthola ukudla.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ikati lasehlathini endle
Ikati lasehlathini lithanda ukuhlala eduze kwamachibi ahlukahlukene, selikhethe isihlahlana salo esinyene kanye nezihlahlana zomhlanga. Uhlala eziphatha ngokucophelela nangokuthula, ezama ukungabangi umsindo omningi futhi enze njengempimpi yangempela enolwazi. Isilwane sizama ukugwema izindawo ezivulekile. Ikati alithandi ukugibela ezihlahleni, yize linezidladla ezinamandla nezinzipho ezibukhali.
Ukuzingela ikati lasehlathini kungokwemvelo yesibili, kuyo iziphatha ngesibindi nangokucophelela ukuze ingathuki inyamazane. Ikati lisebenza kakhulu kusihlwa, futhi emini lithanda ukuphumula emahlathini noma emgodini.
Umbono omuhle nokuzwa okubukhali kusiza ixhaphozi lingagcini ngokuzingela ngempumelelo kuphela, kodwa futhi lingabanjwa ngabafuni ababi. Uma ukushayisana nesitha kungenakugwemeka, ikati liziphatha ngesibindi nangolaka, likhombisa wonke amandla alo namandla. Isici esithandekayo sekati lasehlathini ukuthi lithanda ukucwila emanzini hhayi nje ngokuzingela kuphela, kodwa futhi nokugeza iphunga lalo. Lokhu kwehlukanisa namakati afuywayo, okuthi, kunalokho, athande ukuwashiya yonke indawo.
Indlu iyathanda ukuhlala yodwa endaweni yayo, ithola umndeni isikhathi esifushane sokukhwelana. Ikati lithanda ukuba nesikhala salo, lapho lizizwa likhululekile futhi lihlelekile. Insimu yendawo enjalo ingahlala kusuka ku-50 kuya ku-180 sq. km. Ezinye izimfanelo ezithakazelisayo zekati lasehlathini ukuzola nokubekezela. Ikati lingahlala buthule amahora eduze komgodi wesisulu salo, likhombise ukubekezela nokukhuthazela okumangalisayo.
Kungenzeka ukufuya umhlaseli, kepha kungumsebenzi onzima kakhulu odinga isifiso esikhulu nokuzikhandla, ngoba isilwane sithanda inkululeko kakhulu futhi sizimele, sinesimo esibi kakhulu. Ngisho namantshontsho amancane aqinisa inkani futhi ahoxe, abonise isimilo sawo esihlubukayo nesinzima kusukela ebuntwaneni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ikati lasehlathini elifuywayo lingabona kuphela umuntu oyedwa njengomnikazi walo, futhi lizophatha wonke umndeni ngokuqapha nangolaka.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ikati laseJungle
Amakati aseJungle athanda ukuhlala yedwa ngokuphelele, akha imindeni kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, esivame ukwenzeka ngoFebhuwari-Mashi. Ngalesi sikhathi, izilwane zinolaka kakhulu futhi ziyesabeka. Njengamakati ajwayelekile, akhipha umsindo omkhulu wokumema futhi alwe izimpi ezinamandla zokutholwa kowesifazane. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, ikati linakekela indawo ethokomele lapho kuzotholakala khona umhume wayo. Imvamisa, itholakala esihlahleni esingenakuwela kakhulu sezihlahla. Insikazi yenza i-flooring ngamagatsha, umhlanga, izimpaphe ezitholakele, uboya, ukuze amazinyane afudumele futhi anethezeke.
Ukukhulelwa akuhlali ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbili. Imvamisa kuzalwa izingane ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha. Udoti uvame ukubuswa ngabesilisa. Amakati asanda kuzalwa anesisindo esiphakathi kuka-60 no-100 amagremu. Lapho zizalwa, zingaboni ngokuphelele, futhi amehlo azo avuleka cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-10. Umbala wazo ukhanya kakhulu, iphethini ligqame kakhulu kunabantu abadala.
Umama unakekela izingane ngokucophelela, ondla ngobisi lwebele kuze kube sezinyangeni ezintathu, yize kusuka ezinyangeni ezimbili angenisa okunye ukudla ekudleni. Indoda nayo ibamba iqhaza ekukhuliseni nasekudleni, ihlale iseduze. Kusukela ezinnyangeni ezinhlanu, izilwane ezincane zikhombisa ukuzimela kwazo, futhi ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili sezivele sezikhulile ocansini. Endle, impilo yekati lasehlathini yiminyaka eyi-14 kuya kwengu-15. Ekuthunjweni, bangaphila isikhashana bese bazala kabusha, kuhle, kahle.
Izitha zemvelo zamakati ehlathi
Isithombe: Ikati lehlathi lasendle
Ngokwemvelo, ikati lasehlathini lisongelwa yizilwane ezinkulu ezizingelayo uma liqhathaniswa nalo. Isibonelo, ingwe ivamise ukuwahlasela, kungakhathalekile ukuthi nawo awuhlobo lwe-feline. Izitha eziyinhloko yizimpungushe, izimpungushe nezimpisi. Imvamisa ikati lasehlathini elivela kubo ngobuciko futhi lishesha ngokushesha, ngoba amabutho abo awalingani nakancane. Ukuzisindisa, ingagibela esihlahleni isebenzisa uzipho lwayo olubukhali, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ihlose izimpungushe ngezimpisi. Ngosizo lokugxuma, ikati likwazi ukusuka kalula esihlahleni esisodwa liye kwesinye ukuze libalekele ezilwaneni ezizingelayo ezinkulu.
Enye yezingozi ezinkulu zokuba khona kwalolu hlobo lwezilwane ushintsho ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala unomphela. Lokhu kungaba ukunyamalala kwemizimba yamanzi, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngesihluku, izimo zezemvelo ezingezinhle, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuhlala ikati zasendle ngabantu. Ikati lasehlathini alinandaba nabantu ababandakanyeka ekuzingeleni, uboya balo abuziswa nakancane, lungabanjwa ngengozi.
Kepha abantu bavame ukuqothula amakati ehlathi ngoba ahlasela izinkukhu, azintshontshe ngqo egcekeni. Azikho ezinye izizathu zokubamba lezi zilwane, kepha zanele ukunciphisa usayizi wabantu. Ngakho-ke, eRussia, ikati lasehlathini lifakwe ku-Red Book.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ikati laseJungle ngokwemvelo
Indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo futhi eqaphe kakhulu yamakati asehlathini ayinikezi imininingwane ephelele necacile ngesimo senani labo lilonke, ngakho-ke, kudalwa isimo esingacacisi ngokuphelele kulokhu. Kusobala ngokusobala ukuthi izinhlobo zakhe zasongelwa ngokuqothulwa ezindaweni eziningi ahlala kuzo unomphela, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga naseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi wonke amakati asehlathini abhalwe ohlwini lwesicelo sesibili se-CITES (umhlangano okhethekile wamazwe omhlaba wokuhweba nokuvikelwa kwezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa). Ezifundazweni eziningi zaseNdiya nezase-Afghanistan, akuvunyelwe ukuzichitha nokuzithengisa. Ama-subspecies aseCaucasus ahlala eRussia abhalwe kuRed Book. Ingatholakala ezindaweni zase-Ossetia, eChechnya, e-Ingushetia, ogwini lwaseCaspian, ezindaweni eziphansi zeVolga.
Ngokusho kwemininingwane ethembekile, kuyaziwa ukuthi ikati lasehlathini lagcina ukubonakala ogwini lweCaspian emuva eminyakeni engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili yekhulu lama-20, yize abantu abadala bathi kwesinye isikhathi bayalibona namanje. Imihlangano engajwayelekile yabantu abanalezi zikati zasendle iya ngokuya ifakazela iqiniso lokuthi lesi silwane sinciphise kakhulu inani laso labantu ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene futhi emazweni amaningi, kubandakanya nelethu, asengcupheni yokuqothulwa, okungafanele kuvunyelwe.
Ukuvikelwa kwamakati ehlathini
Isithombe: Ikati laseJungle
Njengoba sekushiwo, izinhlobo zeCaucasia zamakati ehlathi ahlala eRussian Federation zibhalwe kuRed Book, usongo lokuqothulwa kwalo luphakeme impela. Ngokuya ngolwazi olunikezwe kule ncwadi, singasho ukuthi kunezilwane ezingaba ngu-500 kuphela ezweni lethu.
Inani elikhulu lezinto ezahlukahlukene liholele esimweni esidabukisayo sezinhlobo zamakati wehlathi:
- ukuzingela ngokungemthetho
- ukubamba izilwane ngenxa yokufa kwezinkukhu;
- isimo sezulu esibuhlungu nesibandayo;
- ukoma emaxhaphozini;
- ukuntuleka kokudla;
- izilwane ezinkulu (izimpisi, izimpungushe, izingwe);
- imvelo embi.
Ezweni lethu, ukuzingela nokubhujiswa kwekati lasehlathini akuvunyelwe. Kwamanye ama-zoo, igcinwa ngezinhloso zokuzalela, okunikeza imiphumela emihle. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi lesi silwane esiyingqayizivele sivunyelwe ukunyamalala ngokuphelele ebusweni beplanethi yethu.
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukungeza lokho ikati lehlathikunjalo, kuyaqeqeshwa uma uzibekela le njongo. Kepha isimilo salesi sidlakela esinomusa nesinobuciko sizohlala silwela inkululeko. Lesi silo esiziqhenyayo sithanda amahlathi athule angahambi ukuze sixhumane nabantu. Ngakho-ke, akufanele uphazamise impilo yakhe embusweni wakhe wekati wemvelo, lapho ezizwa eyinkosi yangempela yesimo futhi ezolile ngokweqiniso, enokuthula futhi ejabule!
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 29.01.2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/16/2019 ngo-22: 16
