Emhlabeni wonke, endaweni ekhulayo yamahlathi e-coniferous noma ama-deciduous, ungathola izilwane ezincane ezingavamile ezingakwazi ukundiza ngobuciko emoyeni ngaphandle kwamaphiko. Lawa magundane amancane abizwa ngokuthi amaprotheni endizayo, noma ingwejeje endizayo... Isici salezi zilwane ukuthi zindiza zisuka esihlahleni ziye kwesinye zisebenzisa ulwelwesi olukhulu oluphakathi kwemilenze yangemuva nangaphambili.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: squirrel endizayo
Izilwane ezincelisayo ezindizayo noma izingwejeje ezindizayo ziyindalo emangalisayo kakhulu engathobeli imithetho yamandla adonsela phansi.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalezi zilwane:
- izingwejeje ezilula ezindizayo;
- amaphiko ezinoboya;
- ama-marsupial flying squirrels;
- ubobtail.
Le yimindeni ehlukene enokhokho abavamile. Uzalo lwabo lwaqala eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-150 edlule. Amaqiniso asekelwa okutholakele, aneminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-150 ubudala, atholakala eChina. Izidalwa ezindizayo ezindala zazingahamba eziqongweni zezihlahla ezingomakhelwane ngendlela efanayo nezingwejeje ezindizayo zanamuhla.
Ividiyo: I-Flying Squirrel
Izilwane ezindizayo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zibizwa ngokuthi yiMaiopatagium furculiferum. Zazifana ne-squirrel ezindizayo sanamuhla saseNyakatho Melika, elinganiselwa ku-23 cm, kanti isisindo sazo singafinyelela ku-170 gram. Izilwane ezincane zazibizwa ngeVilevolodon. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zazinemilenze emide, eguquguqukayo, uzipho olubukhali, kanye nolwembu olubenza bakwazi ukukhuphuka masinyane emagatsheni ezihlahla bese begibela phezulu.
Izilwane zasendulo zazingahamba ibanga elide emoyeni - kuze kufike kumamitha angama-30. Lokhu kwanikeza izilwane ukuthambeka okukhulu, okusho ukuthi zibalekele izidalwa kanye nethuba elingcono lokusinda.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Isilwane se-squirrel esindizayo
Izingwejeje ezindizayo ziyizinhlobo ezivamile zoshukela opossum, kodwa zifana kakhulu nezingwejeje ezivamile.
Izimpawu zezingwejezi ezindizayo yilezi:
- ububanzi obubanzi bewebhu phakathi kwezinsikazi nemilenze yangaphambili;
- uboya obukhulu futhi obusilika;
- amehlo amakhulu okuveza.
Lezi zilwane zincane kakhulu futhi zihlangene. Azikhuli ngaphezu kwama-20-22 cm, kanye nomsila omude. Imvamisa abesilisa baba bakhulu kancane futhi banamandla kunabesifazane. Amehlo angavamile, acacisa bha, ayindilinga futhi amakhulu esilwane asivumela ukuthi siziqondise kahle emini nasebusuku, futhi izinzipho ezibukhali zenza sikwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka emagatsheni nasemiqhele yezihlahla.
Isilwane sinekhanda eliyindilinga elincane, amehlo amakhulu amnyama. Imilenze yangemuva mikhulu, inezinzipho ezibukhali nezigobile. Uboya besikwele buthambile impela, bungosilika futhi buphaphathekile. Umbala uyashintsha kuye ngesizini. Izingwejeje zibomvu kancane ehlobo futhi zibe mpunga mhlophe ebusika. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi izilwane zikwazi ukuzifihla kalula futhi zingabonakali ezilwaneni ezizungezile noma ezinolaka, ziholele impilo esebenzayo.
Ihlala kuphi ingwejeje endizayo?
Isithombe: I-squirrel endizayo eMoscow
Izingwejeje ezindizayo zitholakala endalweni cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba.
Bangatholakala:
- emazwenikazi ahlukahlukene: eRussia, eMelika, eYurophu;
- emazweni ahlukene: iMongolia, Korea, China, njll.
- eziqhingini ezinkulu nezincane: eJapan, eSakhalin, amaKuriles.
Izilwane zithanda ukuhlala endaweni enomswakama noma emahlathini aminyene. Imigodi yezihlahla ezindala noma izidleke zezinyoni ezishiyiwe zivame ukusetshenziselwa ikhaya labo. Umbala ompunga woboya obuthambile ubamba iqhaza ekusithekeni okuhle kwesilwane, ukuhlangana ne-birch noma i-alder bark.
Ensimini yaseRussia, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-10 zama-squirrel ezindizayo, anokuhluka okuncane komzimba phakathi kwawo:
- ESiberia nase-Anadyr;
- Semipalatinsk naseYakut;
- Ussuri noSakhalin.
Izinhlobo zezinhlobo ziyehluka ngokwamandla azo ebusika futhi zivumelane namazinga okushisa aphansi. Izinhlobo ze-Yakut ne-Anadyr zinoboya obude futhi obujiyile, obubavumela ukuthi bahlale befudumele emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu.
Izinhlobo eziningi zezingwejezi ezindizayo zibhalwe kuRed Book futhi zivikelwe ngumthetho wamazwe omhlaba ekudubuleni nasekuqothulweni ngokuphelele ngabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Emazweni amaningi, izingwejeje zikhokhiswa inhlawulo esindayo. Kepha naphezu kwazo zonke unswinyo kanye nokwenqatshelwa, izingwejeje ziyizisulu ezilula zabazingeli abazingela ngenxa yoboya bazo obuhle.
Yini edla ingwejeje endizayo?
Isithombe: Incwadi Ebomvu Yesikwele
Ukudla kwesilwane ngqo kuya ngendawo yaso yemvelo. Ukudla okuyisisekelo ngamahlumela ezihlahla, amagxolo amancane, izinaliti, imbewu yama-conifers noma ama-cones, isilwane esibeka eceleni. Ehlathini elinqumayo, izingwejeje zithola amajikijolo noma amakhowe. Ezingxenyeni zokudla ze-coniferous, amantongomane, izinaliti ziyasetshenziswa.
Kwesinye isikhathi isilwane sintshontsha amaqanda ezinyoni ngisho namachwane achanyuselwe nje, okuyisibiliboco sezingwejeje. Esikhathini sasebusika sonyaka, izilwane azingeni ebusika obuphelele, kepha azisebenzi, zisemigodini yazo futhi zidla amasheya alungiselelwe ehlobo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-squirrel endizayo emvelweni
Izingwejeje ezindizayo zivame ukuhola impilo esebenzayo yomphakathi, imvamisa zikhetha amahlathi noma ama-groves budebuduze nezindawo zokuhlala kwabantu njengendawo yazo yokuhlala. Namuhla zingatholakala emapaki noma ezigcawini zasedolobheni, emathuneni noma ezihlahleni zamahlathi.
Ukundiza emoyeni amamitha amaningana, i-squirrel ikhuphukela phezulu esihlahleni. Ngesikhathi sendiza, isilwane sisakaza imilenze yaso kabanzi, sakhe uhlobo "lwamaphiko". Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuhamba emoyeni, ukushintsha kalula ukuqondiswa nokuphakama. Umsila omude usetshenziselwa ukubopha amabhuleki nokundiza okuqondisayo.
Isikwele sihlala esiqwini somuthi ngasikhathi sinye kuyo yomibili imilenze emi mpo, okuyivumela ukuthi ibambe ngokuqinile amagxolo ngozipho lwayo futhi ingawi. Izindiza ezindizayo zingahamba ngokushesha emagatsheni ezihlahla, okuzivumela ukuba zihambe kahle futhi zibalekele izitha.
Umgodi wesikwele ngokuvamile uvame ubulembu bemvelo noma utshani obuthambile. Endlini eyodwa, izilwane ezimbili zingahlala ngasikhathi sinye. Kepha ngemuva kokuzala, insikazi ihlala ihlukanisa futhi ihlala ngokwehlukana, ikhulisa amathole ayo ngokuqinile futhi ibavikele ekuhlaselweni yizitha ezinamandla.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-squirrel endizayo eRussia
Owesifazane wesikwele endizayo uzala inzalo kanye ngonyaka ngenani lama-squirrel angama-2-4 angaboni futhi anqunu. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe amasonto ama-5. Amehlo amawundlu avuleka ngemuva kwamasonto amabili. Ukondla ubisi lukamama kuthatha inyanga kuphela. Sonke lesi sikhathi, insikazi ihlala eceleni kwezingane zayo, ibafudumeza ngemfudumalo yomzimba wayo.
Ngemuva kwenyanga, izingwejeje ziyayeka ukuncela ubisi lwebele, zishintshele ekudleni okuqinile. Futhi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2,5, inzalo ishintshela ngokuphelele ekudleni kwabantu abadala futhi ishiye isidleke sayo, iqale impilo yabantu abadala yokuzimela yomuntu omdala.
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, izingwejeje ezindizayo zingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-6-7, lapho zithunjiwe zingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12. Iqiniso ngukuthi ezimweni zemvelo la magundane amancane anezitha eziningi ezizingelayo ezizama ukuzitika ngokukhanya, kepha ziyisilwane esihlwabusayo.
Imvamisa ingwejeje endizayo ayilali phakathi nesikhathi sasebusika, kepha ukusebenza ngalesi sikhathi kunciphile kakhulu, isilwane siyalala, sinobuthakathaka, sicishe singanyakazi ubusuku nemini. Ukuziphatha kwabantu ezindizayo cishe akuhlukile emikhubeni yezingwejeje ezivamile zasehlathini.
Benza nezinqolobane zokugcina ubusika, bazifihle emgodini wazo ukuze badle ngenkathi ebandayo. Ehlobo, izilwane ziqoqa ngenkuthalo isivuno sehlathi: izigaxa, amakhowe noma amajikijolo. Izilwane zibopha isivuno emagatsheni amancane ukuze zome futhi ziqhubeke nokugcina izinqolobane zazo.
Izitha zemvelo zengweje endizayo
Isithombe: squirrel endizayo
Izingwejeje zihamba kakhulu futhi ziyashesha. Zingagxuma ngobunyoninco emagatsheni ezihlahla, zindiza ziye kwezinye iziqu ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Lokhu kusebenza njengesivikelo esithembekile ezilwaneni ezidla inyama noma izinyoni. Izilwane ezincane zisengozini yonke indawo.
Izilwane ezincane zingazizingela: ama-martens, ama-ferrets, ama-weasel. Ama-carnivores amakhulu futhi ayingozi - ama-lynx, ama-coyotes - angahlasela. Phakathi kwabazingeli abanezimpaphe, izikhova, izinkozi, oheshe, izikhova zokhozi ziyingozi enkulu kwizingwejeje.
Isikwele esindizayo sigcinwa ngombala othile wokuzifihla, sizifihle ngasemuva kwezihlahla nokwenza ukuthi izitha zingaziboni. Ikhono lokundiza amabanga amade libuye linikeze namathuba amahle okuhamba nokukhosela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Lapho sihlaselwa ngumzingeli, ingwejeje indizela kwesinye isihlahla, ibalekele ngempumelelo usongo. Akulula kangako ukundizela kude nenyoni enkulu. Kepha izingwejeje zingashintsha umugqa wendiza ngokugxuma, zididise ngisho isikhova esinobuqili noma isikhova.
Ukubona okuhle nokuzwa okujulile kuvumela izilwane ukuthi zikwazi ukuziqondisa kahle ebusuku ukuze zibone noma zizwe ingozi esondelayo kusengaphambili.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-squirrel endizayo endizeni
Isikwele esindizayo sinesidlaliso saso sokukwazi ukundiza phakathi kwezihlahla eziseduze kude kakhulu. Izilwane zihlukaniswa ngengqondo ebukhali, ukuzijabulisa, ukudlala, imvelo emnene.
Amagundane amancane ajwayela umnikazi wawo ngokushesha, awanakekeli ekunakekelweni. Ngakho-ke, namuhla zithandwa kakhulu njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Zivame ukutholakala ezindlini ezijwayelekile zedolobha nasemizini yabantu.
Inani labantu eliphelele lezinhlobo ze-squirrel ezindizayo lincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuzingela lesi silwane esiyingqayizivele kunomkhawulo. Uboya beMammalia abubalulekile. Ngokukhanga kwangaphandle kwesikhumba, isikhumba sincane kakhulu futhi akunakwenzeka ukusenza sibe ngcono ukuze sisetshenziswe ngokuqhubekayo.
Kunzima kakhulu ngezilwane ukugxila ekhejini eliminyene, ngoba zidinga isikhala esiningi sokugxuma. Lapho isilwane sivunyelwe ukuhamba kulo lonke leli fulethi, lizizwa lingcono kakhulu futhi landiza ngenjabulo kusuka ekamelweni kuya kulowo ogqoka, ngenkuthalo sidlala nezingane noma ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo.
Ukundiza Kwesikwele Esindizayo
Isithombe: I-squirrel endizayo evela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Ukungcola okusakazekile kwendawo okuhlala kuyo kuthinta kabi ukukhula kwenani lezingwejeje emhlabeni jikelele, eRussia noma emazweni e-CIS. Njengoba isibalo sezingwejeje ezindizayo namuhla sincipha kakhulu kuyo yonke indawo yaseRussia, lesi silwane sibhalwe kuRed Book futhi singaphansi kokuvikelwa komthetho. Kepha ukwehla kwamanani akubalulekile, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngokunyamalala ngokuphelele kwezinhlobo ebusweni bomhlaba.
Izilwane ezincane ezinamehlo amakhulu ziyakwazi ukuthanda inkosi yazo ngokujulile. Kunzima kakhulu ukubekezelela isizungu nokunganakwa. Kungcono ukuthatha izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili ukwenza lula ukujwayela kwesilwane ezimeni ezintsha. Kunconywa ukuthi unikeze izilwane ezifuywayo ngesandla, okufaka isandla ekusungulweni kokuxhumana okuphakathi kwabantu nezilwane.
Izingwejeje ziyizilwane zasebusuku, kepha ekuthunjweni zilungisa kabusha ama-biorhythms azo kalula ngendlela yasemini yempilo yomuntu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abantu ngabanye babe nezindlu zabo ezihlukile. Ngakho-ke, kubo kuyadingeka ukuhlomisa isitsha esikhethekile noma ikheji elikhulu, lapho kufanele kube khona ukotini noma uboya kublo. Lapho silele ngaphakathi kwe-mink ethokomele yoboya, isilwane sizozizwa siphephile futhi silale kahle.
Udinga ukondla isilwane ekuthunjweni ngokufunza okukhethekile okuqukethe izibungu, amacimbi noma izinambuzane. Ungasebenzisa ukudla kwekati okusemathinini njalo ukondla amaprotheni. Kubalulekile ukuthi unikeze isilwane sakho ujusi omusha, uju noma izithelo nsuku zonke. Amanzi okuphuza kufanele ashintshwe nsuku zonke. Kubalulekile ukuthi amaprotheni abeke usawoti wamakristalu, odingekayo ukugcwalisa ibhalansi kasawoti. Ungangeza i-cottage cheese ejwayelekile noma i-yogurt engenashukela ekudleni kwezilwane.
Njengoba izingwejeje ezindizayo zidinga isikhala esiningi samahhala sokugxuma kwazo kwansuku zonke, kufanele zivunyelwe ukuba zizungeze indlu. Njengoba sizungeze amakhabethe namashalofu ngokugcwele, isilwane sizongena endlini yaso ukuze siphumule futhi sidle.
Kuyahlekisa futhi kuhle ingwejeje endizayo iheha ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe ngokwengeziwe kwabafuyi nabathandi abangaphandle. Lapho uthenga ingwejeje, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi ngemuva kokuzivumelanisa nendlu yomuntu, ngeke esakwazi ukuhlala endaweni yayo yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuthi ube nesibopho futhi ungasivumeli isilwane singene emgwaqeni, ukusishiyela umusa wokudalelwa nokufa okuthile.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 26.01.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 17.09.2019 ngo-9: 20
