Amahlengethwa ayaziwa ngabantu kusukela endulo, lapho amatilosi okuqala ebona ukuthi lezi zilwane zihamba kanjani nemikhumbi yazo. Amahlengethwa e-Bottlenose ahlukaniswa yisimo sawo esihle nesokudlala, awasabi abantu futhi azimisele ukuxhumana nawo ngokuzithandela. Futhi ubuhlakani babo obusheshayo nobuhlakani obuphezulu buvumela abanye abacwaningi ukuthi baphikise ngokuthi ihlengethwa le-bottlenose kufanele lithathwe njengezinhlobo ezihlakaniphile, okungenzeka, ngaphezu kwezigidi zeminyaka yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ezakha impucuko yalo ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Incazelo yehlengethwa eyi-bottlenose
Ihlengethwa elibizwa ngokuthi i-bottlenose dolphin, elibizwa nangokuthi ihlengethwa elikhulu noma i-bottlenose, lingelohlobo lwegama elifanayo lamahlengethwa okuthiwa i-bottlenose, lapho, ngaphezu kwalo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlobene nazo: ihlengethwa yaseNdiya neyase-Australia. Lawa mahlengethwa adume kakhulu futhi asabalele kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ukubukeka
Umzimba wehlengethwa obizwa nge-bottlenose dolphin unesimo esimise okokuphotha, okwenza lesi silwane esincelisayo sibukeke njengenhlanzi, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye sihlinzeka ngama-hydrodynamics amahle ngokunciphisa ukungqubuzana namanzi. Umzimba wakhe ngaphambili ubukeka ukhulu kakhulu kunasemuva.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwakheka komzimba kwamahlengethwa ahlala olwandle oluvulekile kanye nalawo ahlala ngasogwini ahlukile. Owokuqala unomzimba oqinile futhi oqinile, kanti owokugcina ubukeka unomusa futhi, imvamisa, mncane ngosayizi.
Ikhanda elihlanjululwe nge-bulge ebonisiwe ngaphambili, elibizwa ngomcamelo wangaphambili-wamakhala, oqukethe izicubu ze-adipose. Ukushintshela kwisifonyo esifana nomlomo ocijile kubukhali, kwakha isimo sesimo senhloko esiyindilinga sabamele lolu hlobo. Umhlathi ongezansi wamahlengethwa asebhodleleni uthuthuke kancane ukudlula owaphezulu. Izimbobo zokuphefumula, ezibizwa ngemiklamo, zibuyiselwa phezulu futhi zitholakala cishe phezulu kwekhanda.
I-dorsal fin, ethambile ibuyele emuva, inesimo esifana ncamashi nesiqongo senyanga. Amaphiko we-pectoral, ebanzi eduze kwesisekelo sawo, aqonde ngokucijile ngasekupheleni. Ziyi-convex ngaphambili, futhi i-concave kusuka emaphethelweni angemuva. Isiphetho somsila sihlukaniswe kabili, siqinile futhi sinamandla.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ihlengethwa le-bottlenose lidinga amaphiko hhayi ukunyakaza kuphela: futhi ziyizinto ezibalulekile zokudlulisa ukushisa, ngaphandle kwalokho ihlengethwa belingeke libe khona ngaphandle kwalo. Kunezimo lapho amahlengethwa asebhodleleni afa ngenxa yokushisa kakhulu, ephonswa ogwini. Kulokhu, amaphiko azo, njengoba elahlekile ukuxhumana namanzi, avele ayeka ukusebenza futhi awabe esakwazi ukubamba iqhaza ekwenziweni kwethambo.
Umzimba wehlengethwa obizwa nge-bottlenose dolphin upendwe ngokunsundu ngokumpunga ngaphezulu, umbala ulula ngezansi: kusuka kwimpunga kucishe kumhlophe. Kulokhu, kunezinketho ezimbili zemibala yomzimba. Kumahlengethwa ohlobo lokuqala, kunomehluko ocacile phakathi kombala omnyama phezulu nesisu esimhlophe noma esimpunga esimhlophe. Kumahlengethwa asebhodleleni nohlobo lwesibili lokufaka umbala, umngcele ophakathi kwezingxenye ezikhanyayo nezimnyama zomzimba awucacile, ubukeka njengolayini oqonde ukufiphala, ophukile noma ojiyile wombala ompunga.
Usayizi webhodlela
Ubude bomzimba walezi zilwane ezincelisayo ngamamitha angu-2.3-3, kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala abantu abakhulu, abanobukhulu obufinyelela kumamitha ayi-3.6. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubude bomzimba besilisa bungaphezulu kuka-10-20 cm.Isisindo samahlengethwa asebhodleleni ngokuvamile ayi-150-300 kg.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Amahlengethwa ama-Bottlenose ahlala phansi, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi angazula, aqoqane emihlambini emincane. Baphapheme emini, kanti ebusuku bayalala, bavukele ebusweni bamanzi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ebuthongweni babo, ingxenye eyodwa yobuchopho iyaqhubeka nokusebenza, kanti enye iphumule. Lokhu kuvumela isilwane ukuthi sinake ngesikhathi esifanele ingozi engaba khona futhi siphefumule ngesikhathi, sincike emanzini.
Amahlengethwa aseBottlenose yizilwane ezithandana kakhulu. Bathanda ukubandlulula futhi badlale bodwa. Lezi zidalwa azifani ngokungaguquguquki, futhi kuyenzeka ukuthi amahlengethwa asebhodleleni afudukele komunye umhlambi ngezizathu ezaziwa yiwo kuphela.
Ezikoleni zamahlengethwa, ukulandelwa okuphezulu okucishe kucace kungalandelwa. Zonke izilwane ezifakwe kuyo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ahlukene kuye ngeminyaka yazo: abantu abadala, abakhulayo nabancane kakhulu. Esihlokweni sephakethe umholi, njengomthetho, owesilisa omkhulu kunabo bonke uba namandla kuye.
Amahlengethwa aziwa ngobungani bawo kubantu.
Kuwo wonke umlando wempucuko yabantu, alikho nelilodwa icala elike laphawulwa ngamahlengethwa asebhodleleni ahlasela abantu, kepha nezazi-mlando zakudala zaphawula ukuthi amahlengethwa kaningi ahlenga amatilosi aminzayo emikhunjini ephihliziwe.
Kwenzeka ukuthi babeka ngisho impilo yabo engcupheni ukuvikela abantu koshaka. Ngenxa yalokhu, amahlengethwa abamba ibhodlela abonakala ezungeza abantu ngendandatho ewugqinsi futhi ebhukuda azungeze, evimbela umhlaseli ukuba angasondeli kongaba yisisulu.
Ihlengethwa i-bottlenose ibhukuda kahle futhi ingafinyelela ngesivinini esifinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-40 ngehora olwandle, okucishe kufane nejubane le-cruise liner yolwandle. Lezi zilwane zigxumela emanzini ziye ekuphakameni kwamamitha ama-5. Ngasikhathi sinye, amahlengethwa enza imigilingwane eminingi yama-acrobatic, okusencazelo yayo namanje ayikacaci kubaphenyi, yize abanye babo bekholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuyingxenye yokuxhumana okukhulumisana kwalezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo.
Amahlengethwa aseBottlenose anezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zezwi, ngosizo lwalezi zilwane zikhipha imisindo eyahlukahlukene, evamile futhi nobuningi bamaza e-ultrasonic, angatholakali ekuzweni kwabantu. Phakathi kwezindlela zokuxhumana okuzwakalayo kwamahlengethwa asebhodleleni, umuntu angahlukanisa ukukhonkotha akukhiphayo ekuphishekeleni inyamazane, i-meow ayenza ngesikhathi sokudla, nokushaya imisindo ehambisa amahlengethwa asebhodleleni ukwesabisa izihlobo zawo. Ukuhamba ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi ngenkathi kuseshwa inyamazane, la mahlengethwa enza imisindo ekhukhumezayo, okusikhumbuza ukugaya kwamahinji asemnyango agqwalile.
Ngobuhlakani, ezinye izilwane ezimbalwa, ngaphandle kwezimfene, zingaqhathaniswa nazo. Isibonelo, amahlengethwa ama-bottlenose abonwa ngamakhono anjengokuqonda ikhono lokulingisa ukuziphatha komuntu, ukuqonda ukulandelana kolimi olwenziwe ngokuqamba, ikhono lokuqonda imiqondo engaqondakali, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukukwazi ukuzibona esibukweni, okuwubufakazi bokuba khona kokuzazi okukhona kulokhu izidalwa.
Mangaki amahlengethwa asebhodleleni ahlala
Ngokwesilinganiso, amahlengethwa asebhodleleni aphila cishe iminyaka engama-20, kodwa angaphila iminyaka engafika kwengama-40 noma ngaphezulu.
Ama-subspecies e-Bottlenose
Ngokwemvelo, kukhona okungenani ama-subspecies amathathu amahlengethwa ama-bottlenose, abamele bawo ngaphandle abahluke kakhulu komunye nomunye:
- Ihlengethwa elimnyama lolwandle olumnyamaehlala eLwandle Olumnyama.
- Ihlengethwa elijwayelekile le-bottlenose, okuhlala kuyo uLwandle iMedithera ne-Atlantic.
- Ihlengethwa le-Far Eastern bottlenoseabahlala emanzini apholile esifundeni saseNyakatho Pacific.
Mayelana indian dolphin dolphin, ehlukile kunabamele yonke iminonjana engenhla ku-snout ende nenani elikhudlwana lamazinyo emihlathini engenhla, khona-ke izazi zezilwane azivumelani ngokuthi ziyibheka njengezinhlobo ezihlukile noma ezingaphansi kwehlengethwa okuthiwa i-bottlenose.
Indawo yokuhlala
Amahlengethwa aseBottlenose ahlala ezindaweni ezifudumele nezipholile zoLwandlekazi Lomhlaba. E-Atlantic, ingabonakala yonke indawo, kusukela ogwini lwaseNingizimu Greenland kuya e-Argentina, e-Uruguay naseNingizimu Afrika. Ububanzi bayo buhlanganisa nolwandle lwaseCaribbean, iMedithera, iBlack neBaltic. E-Indian Ocean, ihlengethwa eliyibhodlela liphila kusukela oLwandle Olubomvu kuya eNingizimu Australia. E-Pacific Ocean, lawa mahlengethwa asevele atholakala eduze nogu lwaseJapan naseziQhingini zaseKuril, kanti indawo yawo yokuhlala kule ndawo ihlikihlwa eziqhingini zaseTasmania, eNew Zealand nase-Argentina.
Amanye amahlengethwa angama-bottlenose akhetha ukuhlala olwandle oluvulekile, kanti amanye ahlala ezindaweni ezingasogwini, ezingekho ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-30 ukujula.
Ukudla kwamabhodlela
Amahlengethwa e-Bottlenose yizilwane ezincelisayo, isisekelo sokudla kwawo ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi. Ngokuya ngendawo abahlala kuyo, amahlengethwa anekhala lamabhodlela adla izinhlanzi, ubukhulu bazo ikakhulukazi obufinyelela kuma-30 cm ubude, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukubhekana nesisulu esikhulu. Phakathi kwezibiliboco abazithandayo kukhona ama-anchovies, i-mackerel, i-mullet emaphakathi, ne-sea bass. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlengethwa angadla ama-crustaceans nama-cephalopods amancane. Ngasikhathi sinye, amahlengethwa asebhodleleni asebenzisa amazinyo abo abukhali hhayi ukudwengula inyamazane yabo noma ukuyihlafuna, kodwa ngokukhethekile ukubamba, ngoba la mahlengethwa agwinya izinhlanzi noma okunye ukudla okulungele konke.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kwenzeka ukuthi amahlengethwa angama-bottlenose abonakale esebenzisana nabantu, ebasiza ukushayela izikole zezinhlanzi enetheni ngesikhathi sokuzingela. Amahlengethwa ngokwawo, kulokhu, anelisekile ngezinhlanzi abadobi abangazibambanga.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokuzalela amahlengethwa asebhodlela kwenzeka entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abesifazane abafinyelele okungenani eminyakeni emihlanu ubudala bangakwazi ukuzala, futhi abesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi ngisho nangemva kweminyaka - abaneminyaka eyi-10-13 ubudala.
Ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane balezi zilwane kuhlala unyaka bese ehlobo elilandelayo kuzalwa izinyane elilodwa, ubude bomzimba obucishe bube imitha elilodwa. Inesisindo, ngokwesilinganiso, i-10 kg. Ukubeletha kwenzeka ngaphansi kwamanzi, futhi, ngaphezu komama okhulelwe uqobo, abesifazane abaningi bakhona kubo. Ihlengethwa lizalwa linomsila walo kuqala bese kuthi ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa liphume, lihambisana nonina, ebusweni bamanzi ukuze liphefumule okokuqala.
Ekuqaleni, owesifazane uvame ukumondla ngobisi: njalo emaminithini ayi-10-30 ngemuva kokuphakelwa kwangaphambilini. Sonke lesi sikhathi, ingane izama ukuhlala isondele kunina, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho iqala ukudla ukudla okuqinile, iyakwazi ukubhukuda iqhele kude naye. Ihlengethwa lensikazi liyaqhubeka nokondla ithole lalo kuze kube izinyanga eziyi-18-23 futhi imvamisa ukulunyulwa kokugcina kwenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokubeletha enye ingane. Kodwa-ke, ihlengethwa lomntwana elidala lichitha eminye iminyaka eyisithupha lihleli nonina nabafowabo nodadewabo abancane. Imvamisa, amahlengethwa angamabhodlela ezinsikazi azala njalo eminyakeni engu-2-3, kepha uma ingane ihlengethwa isifa ngemuva nje kokubeletha, ingaphinde futhi ikhwisane ngonyaka.
Amahlengethwa aseBottlenose angahlangana namahlengethwa ezinye izinhlobo ngisho nemikhomo encane ebulalayo, futhi, ngokusho kokubona kwabanye abacwaningi, lokhu akwenzeki ekuthunjweni kuphela, kodwa futhi, noma kungenzeki njalo, nasendaweni yasendle yalezi zilwane.
Ngakho-ke, kunezimo zokuzalwa kwenzalo ye-hybrid evela kumahlengethwa ajwayelekile nemikhomo emincane yokubulala emnyama. Amantshontsho azalwa ngeziphambano nalezi zakamuva abizwa ngokuthi imikhomo ebulalayo, okubukeka kwayo nosayizi wayo ulinganiselwa ngokuqhathaniswa nezici zabazali babo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngokungafani nenzalo eningi, ama-mestizo anjalo awazali: ngokwesibonelo, kube khona amacala okuzalaniswa ngempumelelo kwemikhomo yokubulala ekuthunjweni.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha eziyinhloko zamahlengethwa angama-bottlenose ezimweni zemvelo yi-tiger, dusky kanye noshaka abakhaliphile. Imikhomo emikhulu yokubulala nayo ingawahlasela, kepha lokhu akwenzeki kaningi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Inani eliphelele le-bottlenose dolphin labantu alaziwa, ngoba ububanzi balezi zinhlobo bukhulu kakhulu futhi akunakwenzeka ukubala ngokunembile inani. Kuyaziwa kuphela ukuthi amahlengethwa e-bottlenose ayizinhlobo eziningi kakhulu futhi ezisabalele phakathi kwawo wonke amahlengethwa.
Ngokwesigaba se-IUCN, ihlengethwa elinekhala lamabhodlela lingenye yezinhlobo ezingakhathazwa kangako. Kodwa-ke, ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu ngawodwana kwaholela ekutheni amahlengethwa amaBlack Sea bottlenose afakwa eRed Book laseRussia.
Amahlengethwa amaBottlenose abhekwa njengesinye sezidalwa ezimangalisa kakhulu zemvelo ngesizathu. Ubuhlakani babo bemvelo, umlingiswa wabo onomusa namakhono wokuxhumana babenza babe ngezinhlobo eziphambili kakhulu zezidalwa eziphilayo eMhlabeni. Kuyamangaza ukuthi la mahlengethwa awabavikeli abantu, kunalokho, bavame ukubhukuda baye ogwini futhi ngokuzithandela baxhumane nabageza. Ukubona nje kwamahlengethwa abhodliza olwandle kwenza abantu bazizwe bezolile futhi benokuthula. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi amatilosi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ayebheka amahlengethwa njengokuthile okufana nezingelosi zawo eziqaphelayo, ezaziphelezela ngokungaphezi emikhunjini yazo ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngomkhumbi, futhi, uma kunesidingo, zisiza abantu abaminza ukuba bafike ogwini, futhi kwesinye isikhathi baze babavikele nakoshaka.
