I-Takifugu, noma i-fugu (Takifugu) - abamele izinhlanzi ezihlanjululwe ngohlobo lwe-ray, ezingabomndeni omkhulu kakhulu we-blowfish kanye nokuhleleka kwe-blowfish. Uhlobo lwezinhlanzi iTakifugu namuhla lufaka izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwezingaphansi kweshumi nantathu, ezimbili zazo ezisengozini.
Incazelo yezinhlanzi ezi-puffer
Izinhlobo ezinobuthi bomndeni we-puffer (Tetraodontidae) zinamanye amagama, angaziwa kangako:
- i-scaltooth (enezakhiwo zamazinyo ezi-monolithic ezihlanganiswe ndawonye);
- amazinyo amane, noma amazinyo amane (ngamazinyo ahlanganiswe emihlathini, ngenxa yokuthi kwakhiwa amapuleti amabili aphezulu namabili aphansi);
- inhlanzi yenja (ngomqondo othuthukile wokunuka kanye nokukwazi ukuthola iphunga kukholamu lamanzi).
Izinhlanzi, ezisohlobo lweTakifugu, zihlala endaweni ehlonipheke kakhulu kubuciko besimanje baseJapan namasiko aseMpumalanga. Umakhenikha wesenzo sezinto ezinobuthi ufakwa ekukhubazekeni kohlelo lwemisipha lwezinto eziphilayo. Kulokhu, isisulu sikashevu sigcina ukwazi okugcwele kuze kube umzuzu wokufa.
Umphumela obulalayo ungumphumela wokuminyana ngokushesha. Kuze kube manje, abukho umuthi wokulwa nobuthi bezinhlanzi i-takifugu, futhi izindlela ezijwayelekile zokwelashwa lapho usebenza nezisulu ezinjalo kuyimizamo yokugcina ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokuphefumula nezokujikeleza kwegazi kuze kuphele izimpawu zokudakwa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlanzi eziningi, abamele i-blowfish abanazo izikali, futhi umzimba wabo umbozwe ngesikhumba, kodwa kunalokho isikhumba esinyene.
Ukubukeka, ubukhulu
Ingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlobo zohlobo lweTakifugu ezichazwe kuze kube manje yizakhamizi zengxenye esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yePacific Ocean. Amalungu amaningana ohlobo ahlala emifuleni yamanzi angenasawoti eChina. Uhlobo luhlanganisa inhlanzi edla omnivorous enamazinyo aqinile, avame ukuba makhulu ngosayizi, okuwudaba lokungabikho kokuphakelayo okungahambi kahle ekudleni kwalowo ohlala emanzini. Lapho kukhona ubungozi, izinhlanzi ezinobuthi zingamluma umoni.
Njengamanje, akubona bonke abameleli bohlobo lweTakifugu abafundwe ngokuningiliziwe, futhi inani elikhulu kakhulu lemininingwane ethembekile seliqoqwe kuphela ngezinhlobo ze-Takifugu rubripes, ezichazwa ngokuzalanisa ukuthengisa kanye nokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwalezi zinhlanzi ekuphekeni. Kukho konke ukuphila kwayo, i-puffer ensundu iyakwazi ukushintsha umbala kusuka kumbala omnyama ube yimibala ekhanyayo. Lesi sici sincike ngqo emvelweni endaweni.
Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala we-Takifugu rubripes ufinyelela kuma-75-80 cm, kepha imvamisa ubukhulu bezinhlanzi abudluli amasentimitha angama-40-45. Endaweni yezinhlangothi nangemuva kwamaphiko e-pectoral, kunendawo eyodwa emnyama enkulu eyindilinga, ezungezwe yiringi emhlophe. Ingaphezulu lomzimba limbozwe imiqolo ehlukile. Amazinyo omhlathi wabamele lolu hlobo, atholakala emgodini womlomo osayizi omncane, ahlangana abe yipuleti elilodwa elifana noqhwaku lukapholi.
I-dorsal fin iqukethe imisebe yokukhanya engu-16-19. Inombolo yabo ku-anal fin ingeqi izingcezu eziyi-13-16. Ngasikhathi sinye, amaqanda kanye nesibindi sezinhlanzi anobuthi obukhulu. Amathumbu awanabuthi obuningi, futhi abukho ubuthi enyameni, esikhumbeni nasemasendeni. Izembozo zeGill ezihlanganisa ukuvuleka kwe-gill azikho. Phambi komgogodla we-pectoral, umuntu angabona ukuvuleka okuncane okubonakala kahle okuholela ezigulini, ngqo emzimbeni wenhlanzi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Manje abameleli bohlobo lweBrown Puffer bangumzimba odumile osetshenziswayo ocwaningweni olubanzi lwezinto eziphilayo.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Ngenxa yocwaningo lwesayensi, kwatholakala ukuthi abantu abakhukhumezayo abakwazi ukubhukuda ngejubane elifanele. Lesi sici sichazwa yizimpawu ze-aerodynamic zomzimba wezinhlanzi. Noma kunjalo, abamele lezi zinhlobo banokuhamba okuhle, ngenxa yokuthi bangajika masinyane, baqhubekele phambili, babuyela emuva futhi babheke ohlangothini.
Abamele lolu hlobo banesimo somzimba esimise okwepheya, abavamile ukuhlangana ezimweni ezivulekile zamanzi, bakhetha ukuhlala eduze nolwandle, lapho behlola khona imvelo eyinkimbinkimbi, emelwe yi-oyster, izimfunda ezinotshani nemifula enamadwala. Ama-puffers ajwayelekile anqwabelene emanzini angajulile nasezindaweni ezinesihlabathi eduze kwemilambo noma imisele, kanye nasezindaweni ezinamadwala nezindawo ezinama-algal.
Izinhlanzi ezinelukuluku futhi ezisebenza kakhulu kwesinye isikhathi zingaba nolaka kubamele bohlobo lwazo nezinye izakhamuzi zasemanzini. Ibona ingozi, inhlanzi ifaka ibhaluni ngokugcwalisa isisu sayo esinwebeka kakhulu ngomoya noma ngamanzi. Le nqubo ilawulwa yi-valve ekhethekile esezansi komlomo wenhlanzi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Naphezu kobukhulu obuncane bamehlo, i-fugu ibona kahle, futhi ngenxa yenani elikhulu lama-receptors ezintendeni ezingaphansi kwamehlo, abamele uhlobo bozwa kahle iphunga.
Ihlala isikhathi eside kangakanani inhlanzi?
Isikhathi sokuphila sezinhlanzi ezi-Brown Puffin ezimweni zemvelo kuyaqabukela sidlule iminyaka eyi-10-12. Kucatshangwa ukuthi phakathi kwamanye amalungu ohlobo lweTakifugu, abantu abaneminyaka eyikhulu nabo abekho.
Puffer ufishi wezinhlanzi
Kunzima ukubiza ukudla okubiza kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye okuyingozi kakhulu ekudleni kwaseJapan kunezinhlanzi eziphekiwe eziphekiwe. Izindleko ezijwayelekile zenhlanzi eyodwa ephakathi nendawo cishe zingama- $ 300, kanti intengo yemenyu ebekiwe ingu- $ 1000 futhi nangaphezulu. Ubuthi obuyisimangaliso bezinhlobo zezinhlobo buchazwa ngokuba khona kwenani elikhulu le-tetrodoxin ezicubu zezinhlanzi. Inyama yenhlanzi eyodwa ingadala ubuthi obubulalayo kubantu abayishumi nambili, futhi izinga lobuthi be-tetrodoxin liphakeme kunaleyo ye-strychnine, cocaine ne-curare poison.
Izimpawu zokuqala zobuthi be-fugu zivela kohlukunyeziwe ngemuva kwekota yehora. Kulokhu, ukuba ndikindiki kwezindebe nolimi, ukubonakala kokuxhuzula okuthe xaxa kanye nokuxhumanisa okungalungile kokunyakaza kuyaphawulwa. Ngosuku lokuqala, ngaphezu kwesigamu seziguli ezinoshevu ziyafa, kanti amahora angama-24 athathwa njengesikhathi esibucayi. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nokuhlanza nohudo, ubuhlungu obukhulu esiswini. Izinga lobuthi bezinhlanzi luyehluka kuye ngohlobo lwazo.
I-Tetrodotoxin akuyona ingxenye yamaprotheni, futhi isenzo sayo sibangela ukumiswa okuphelele kokudluliswa kwemizwa yezinzwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukudlula ion ion ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi amaseli ivinjiwe ngaphandle umphumela omubi izingxenye asebenzayo ubuthi on ion potassium. Ubuthi obusemanzini angenasawoti i-pufferfish buqukethwe esikhunjeni. Lokhu kuxhumana okukhethekile kobuhlungu obunezakhi zamaselula kusanda kubhekwa osokhemisi futhi kungasetshenziswa njengokudambisa izinhlungu.
Izindleko eziphezulu zezinhlanzi ezinobuthi azinciphisi ukuthandwa kwayo. Amanani entengo yokudla okungajwayelekile futhi eyingozi akathonywanga ukutholakala kwe-fugu, kepha yinkimbinkimbi emangalisayo yokulungiselela inhlanzi enjalo. Ezitolo zokudlela ezikhethekile, abapheki abanamalayisense kuphela ababandakanyekayo ekulungiseleleni lo mqhudelwano, okhipha i-caviar, isibindi nezinye izibilini ezinhlanzini. I-fillet ehlanzekile inenani elithile le-toxin elingakwenza uzizwe izimpawu zobuthi, kodwa alikwazi ukudala ukufa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukudla izinhlanzi ze-fugu eziphekwe kahle kuhambisana nombuso ofana nokudakwa kwezidakamizwa okuncane - ukuba ndikindiki kolimi, ulwanga nezitho zomzimba, kanye nomuzwa wenjabulo emnene.
Indawo yokuhlala
Abamele bezinhlobo zase-Asia ezisezingeni eliphansi ezisezindaweni eziphansi komhlaba bahlala emanzini anosawoti nolwandle ePacific Northwest. Izinhlanzi ezinjalo zasakazeka engxenyeni eseningizimu yoLwandle i-Okhotsk, emanzini asentshonalanga oLwandle lwaseJapan, lapho ihlala eduze nogu olungasempumalanga, kuze kufike e-Olga Bay. Abantu baseFugu bangabonakala oLwandle Oluphuzi kanye naseMpumalanga yeChina, ngasogwini lwasePacific eJapan kusuka eKyushu Island kuye eVolcanic Bay.
Emanzini aseRussia oLwandle lwaseJapan, izinhlanzi zingena engxenyeni esenyakatho yePeter the Great Bay, kuze kufike eSouth Sakhalin, lapho kuyisakhamuzi esivamile samanzi ehlobo. Izinhlanzi zeDemersal (ezansi) zezinhlanzi ezingafuduki zihlala emanzini ziye ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-100. Kulesi simo, abantu abadala bakhetha amatheku futhi kwesinye isikhathi bangene emanzini anobumunyu. Amajita namafry avame ukutholakala emanzini anobumunyu emilonyeni yemifula, kepha njengoba ekhula futhi ekhula, izinhlanzi ezinjalo zizama ukusuka ogwini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Emithonjeni emisha yemifula ehlala izinhlanzi ezikhukhulayo, imifula iNayile, iNiger neCongo, kanye ne-Amazon neLake Chad kuyabonakala.
Ukudla kwenhlanzi ye-puffer
Ukudla okujwayelekile kwezinhlanzi ezinobuthi ze-fugu kuvezwa ngokungathandeki kakhulu, lapho uthi nhlá, izakhamuzi ezisezansi. Abamele umndeni we-blowfish kanye ne-oda le-blowfish bakhetha ukondla nge-starfish enkulu kakhulu, kanye nama-hedgehogs, ama-molluscs ahlukahlukene, izikelemu, ulwelwe namakhorali.
Ngokusho kososayensi abaningi basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, yizici ezikhethekile zokudla ezenza umuntu okhukhumezayo abe nobuthi, abe yingozi kakhulu empilweni yomuntu nasempilweni. Izinto ezinobuthi ezivela ekudleni zinqwabelana ngaphakathi kwenhlanzi, ikakhulukazi kumaseli wesibindi namathumbu, kanye nakumaqanda. Ngasikhathi sinye, inhlanzi uqobo aluhlupheki nakancane ngenxa yobuthi obunqwabelene emzimbeni.
Lapho kugcinwa emanzini asemakhaya, ukudla okujwayelekile kwemisundu yegazi, izikelemu, imollusk kanye nefry, zonke izinhlobo zama-crustaceans ezinegobolondo eliqinile, kanye namapayipi kanye nomgogodla kusetshenziselwa ukondla i-takifugu yabantu abadala. Ukondla ama-juveniles kanye nefry, ama-ciliates, ama-cyclops, i-daphnia, isikhuphasha seqanda esichoboziwe kanye ne-nauplia brine shrimp.
Kuyathakazelisa! Uhlobo olukhethekile, olungenabuthi lwe-fugu lwazalwa ososayensi baseJapan abavela edolobheni laseNagasaki, ngoba ubuthi obusenyameni yalezi zinhlanzi abukho kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, kodwa butholwe ekudleni komhlali wasemanzini.
Ukuzala nenzalo
UFugu uzalela emanzini olwandle, kusuka ngoMashi kuya entwasahlobo entwasahlobo. Emindenini eyakhiwe yizinhlanzi ezindala, abesilisa kuphela abafinyelela izibopho zabo zobuzali ngokuhlonipheka kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuzalisa okusebenzayo, owesilisa unakekela insikazi, echaza imibuthano emzungezile. Umdanso okhethekile onjalo usebenza njengohlobo lwesimemo sowesifazane ovuthiwe ngokocansi futhi umphoqa ukuthi acwile phansi, ngemuva kwalokho laba bobabili bakhetha itshe elifanele kakhulu lokuzala.
Etsheni elingezansi elikhethiwe, abesifazane bazalela amaqanda, avundiswa ngokushesha abesilisa. Ngemuva kwekubekwa kwemacandza, letinsikati tishiya indzawo yekukhipha, kepha tishiye letindvuna kutsi tivikele tinzalo tato. Umzali ume etsheni futhi avikele i-clutch ngomzimba wakhe, okugwema ukudla inzalo yizilwane eziningi ezidla emanzini. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kofeleba, ubaba wenzalo ulungisa ukucindezeleka okukhethekile engxenyeni engezansi. Emgodini onjalo, gazinga livikelwe owesilisa kuze kube yilapho inzalo ikwazi ukuzondla yodwa.
Izitha zemvelo
Izinhlanzi ezinoshevu ezinobuthi zithathwa njengezitha ezimbi kakhulu zokudoba, ngoba ezinye izakhamuzi zasemanzini azivamile ukuhlala nabamele abaphakathi nendawo bohlobo lomndeni we-pufferfish kanye nokuhleleka kwe-blowfish. Ukuvikelwa okuthembekile kukaTakifugu ezilwaneni ezizingelayo yikhono lakhe lokuvuvukala esimeni sebhola elinama-spikes, kanye nenyama enobuthi. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi izakhamuzi zasemanzini ezizingela ezinye izinhlanzi eziningi zikhetha ukudlula le puffer enobuthi.
Inani lokuhweba
Kunamapulazi amaningi akhukhumezayo e-Asia. Ngaphandle kokuthi izinhlanzi ezivela emapulazini anjalo zithengiswa ngentengo engabizi, ukukhiqizwa kokudla okwehla esiphundu akubangeli umdlandla omkhulu phakathi kwabasekeli bamasiko aseJapan, kanye nabo bonke abapheki abaqeqeshiwe asebenzise imali enkulu, isikhathi nomzamo ukuthola ilayisensi ekhethekile.
Endaweni yayo yemvelo, ukubamba inhlanzi enjalo akunzima kakhulu. Ngale njongo, abadobi basebenzisa i-float kanye ne-spinning tackle, "zakidushki" ejwayelekile nge-hook nange-bait. Isici sabamele abomndeni we-blowfish kanye ne-oda le-blowfish ukuthi umuntu onjalo wasemanzini akakwazi ukugwinya isicupho, kepha ukhetha ukugijima ngehhuku elibukhali ngesisu sakhe esinameva. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlanzi ezimbili noma ezintathu zingabambelela ngale ndlela ngasikhathi sinye.
EJapan, kwashaywa umthetho ngo-1958 ngokusho ukuthi abapheki abavunyelwe ukusebenza nezinhlanzi ezinobuthi kufanele bathole ilayisensi ekhethekile. Ukuthola le mvume kudinga ukuphasa izivivinyo ezimbili: ithiyori nokwenza. Inani elibonakalayo labafakizicelo belayisense yokupheka bayasuswa ngisho nasesigabeni sokuqala, lapho kudingeka khona ukukhombisa ulwazi ngezinhlobonhlobo ze-blowfish nokuveza izindlela ezaziwayo zokukhishwa kobuthi emzimbeni. Esigabeni sesibili, umpheki ohlolwayo kumele adle esakhe isidlo asilungisile.
Kungaba nokuthakazelisa:
- Ama-mudskippers
- Osathane basolwandle
- Beka inhlanzi
Ukuphaka isitsha senhlanzi kuthatha ukunamathela okuqinile enkambisweni ethile, lapho kuqala kunikezwa izivakashi izingcezu ezinobuthi ezingemuva ezingemuva kwe-fugu, futhi esigabeni sokugcina, kunambitha ingxenye enobuthi yenhlanzi - isisu. Umpheki uphoqelekile ukuthi aqaphe impilo yezivakashi, futhi azinikeze nokwesekwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, okubavumela ukuthi babone noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingezinhle ngesikhathi esifanele futhi bavikele nemiphumela engaba yingozi.
Amaphiko enhlanzi ekhukhumezekile asetshenziselwa ukulungiselela uhlobo lwesiphuzo, ukusetshenziswa kwalo okucija umsebenzi wezinzwa ngokuphawulekayo, kubangela ukuvela komphumela we-hallucinogenic kanye nezinga elincane lokudakwa. Ngenhloso yokupheka, amaphiko ashisiwe enhlanzi enoshevu onobuthi afakwa cishe umzuzu owodwa. Isiphuzo esingajwayelekile ukuthi izivakashi zimenywe ukuthi ziphuze ngokushesha ngaphambi kokudla isidlo senhlanzi ebulalayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukufa okudume kakhulu ngokudliwa yi-puffer kwakuwukufaka ushevu kumlingisi odumile uMitsugoro Bando ngo-1975, owabulawa ukukhubazeka ngemuva kokunambitha isibindi senhlanzi endaweni yokudlela yaseKyoto.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Izinhlobo eziningi zohlobo lweTakifugu azisongelwa ngabantu, futhi okuhlukile kumelwe yizinhlobo ezimbili kuphela: iTakifugu chinensis neTakifugu plagiocellatus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo zeTakifugu chinensis njengamanje zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
