Inhlanzi ebizwa ngokuthi i-muksun ingeka-oda lama-salmonids, uhlobo lwe-whitefish, umndeni omncane we-whitefish. Ummeleli walezi zinhlobo uyisihlobo esiseduze seBaikal omul. Inhlanzi itholakala emachibini amanzi angenasawoti, ayigugu kakhulu, abanjwe futhi akhuliswe ngezinga lezimboni ngabantu nosomabhizinisi bengxenye esenyakatho yeRussia Federation.
Incazelo ye-muksun
Inyama kaMuksun inokwakheka okuyingqayizivele... Ngakho-ke, iqhathanisa kahle nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasemanzini angenasawoti nokunambitheka nephunga lazo. Kuvunyelwe ukukufaka ekudleni ngisho nakubantu abanezifo zesibindi nezinso, futhi kukhethwa nabasubathi abaziqaphelisisa indlela abadla ngayo.
Ukubukeka
Kunezinhlanzi eziningi emndenini wama-salmon. Kepha inhlanzi ye-muksun ingomunye wabamele ababaluleke kakhulu. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho i-sterlet yayithengiswa ngamabhakede ezimakethe zokudoba, i-muksun yayithengiswa kuphela ngocezu. Ukuvela kohlobo lozimele kubonisa izinhlobo zalo.
Ngokuma kwayo, i-muksun yehluke ngokuphawulekayo ezihlotsheni zayo - inomzimba omise okokuphotha. Umzimba welulele ezinhlangothini uthanjisiwe ezinhlangothini. Umbala wezinhlanzi uyindida: ngaphansi kobumnyama, maqondana nawo wonke umzimba, ingemuva ilula, ingxenye yesiliva. Isisu simhlophe. Izinhlobo zeMifula zine-hue yegolide. Kokubili lokhu kanye nenye indlela yokufaka imibala kwenza inhlanzi insizakalo enhle, kuyenze icishe ingabonakali kukholamu lamanzi. Inhloko nomsila kusendaweni ephakanyiswe kancane; ekuqaleni kokuthomba, i-hump iqala ukuvela ezinhlanzini ngenxa yalokhu, okwenza ukugoba kubonakale kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa!Isisindo esimaphakathi sesifanekiso somuntu omdala sohlobo lwe-whitefish sisukela ku-1 kuye ku-2 kilograms. Lawa ngamalungu abaluleke kakhulu ezinhlotsheni. I-Muksun ibhekwa njengenkulu, enesisindo kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-4 kilogram. Kwakukhona nezimo zokubamba izinhlanzi ezinkulu, ezifinyelela isisindo sama-8-12 kilogram. Ubude bomzimba womuntu ngamunye we-muksun ngamasentimitha angama-74.
Ukuma kwekhanda kufiphele, nomlomo ubekwe ezansi. Umhlathi ongezansi uphumela kancane phambili, okunikeza inhlanzi ithuba lokuqoqa ama-crustaceans amancane, gazinga noma izinambuzane zokudla. Ubuningi bama-gill rakers buvumela ukuhlunga isisulu kusuka kudaka olungezansi, okuhle kakhulu ezilwaneni ezisencane ezikhetha ukudla iplankton.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Inhlanzi ye-muksun iningi liyi-semi-anadromous. Ukuhlala, ikhetha amadamu amasha noma i-semi-saline, lapho ukondla okuyinhloko kwenzeka khona. Izinhlanzi azife ngesikhathi zizala. UMukun, uyakwazi ukunqoba cishe amakhilomitha ayi-1-2 ayizinkulungwane enyuka nomfula ukuze abeke amaqanda, ngemuva kwalokho ubuyela ekhaya ukuyolulama futhi aqhubeke nokuzala okuphindaphindiwe ngokuzayo.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani umuksun
Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila yemuksun sisukela eminyakeni eyi-16 kuye kwengama-20. Kodwa-ke, abadobi nezinhlanzi ezinde okufike eminyakeni yobudala engama-25 babanjiwe.
Indawo yokuhlala
UMukun uhehwa ngamachibi ahlanzekile anamanzi ahlanzekile noma angenamanzi amnandi... Amanzi kufanele ahlanzeke. Ngakho-ke, kuyaqabukela ithwelwe kude nolwandle. UMukun waneliseke kakhulu ngemifula emikhulu yemifula, lapho amanzi angahlangana khona kancane namanzi olwandle futhi abe nokunambitheka okusawoti kancane.
Okuwukuphela kokungafani kuyizinkokhelo ezimbalwa, lapho imibandela yale nhlanzi ehlekisayo ingafaneleki.
Kuyathakazelisa!UMuksun ugcwele emanzini emifula yaseLena naseYenisei. Ifomu le-lacustrine-river litholakala emachibini anjengeLama, Taimyr naseGlubokoe.
Ungahlangana nezinhlanzi ze-muksun kunoma yimuphi umfula waseRussia eSiberia. Itholakala nasemanzini oLwandle i-Arctic. Kusemanzini kasawoti amancane oLwandle i-Arctic lapho kutholakala imuksun kakhulu. Inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke yabamele lezi zinhlobo igxile emifuleni uTom no-Ob. UMuksun uhlala lapha unyaka wonke. Kweminye imifula, ivame ukufuduka, izale. Uhlobo lwelwandle lwenhlobo luziphatha ngendlela efanayo.
Ukudla kweMuksun
Ngokuyinhloko, izinhlobonhlobo zokudla kwezinhlanzi kuncike enkathini kanye nezimo zokuphila. Ehlobo, kusetshenziswa ama-crustaceans nama-molluscs, ebusika kufanele baphazanyiswe yi-zooplankton. Izilwane ezincane, ezingakwazi ukuzingela nokucubungula ukudla okukhulu, zondla nge-plankton nhlobo. Ukwenza lokhu, izinhlanzi zinamapuleti amaningi ama-gill asebenza njengesihlungi. Basiza ukuhlukanisa amaplanethi ezakhi zomzimba kunodaka womfula namanzi, banikeze izinhlanzi ukudla abakudingayo.
Imenyu eyinhloko yemuksun iqukethe ama-crustaceans, i-caviar (zombili ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi kanye nezabo), gazinga ne-zooplankton. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, izinhlanzi zidla ngesizotha, hhayi ngokwanda kwamafutha, kepha zanelisa kuphela izidingo zazo eziyinhloko zokusekelwa kwempilo. Inhloso enkulu ye-muksun ngalesi sikhathi ukufika masinyane endaweni ekhangayo enendawo engezansi ehlanzekile nomsinga osheshayo wokuhlela ukuzala. Njengoba lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha okukhulu, ukuze kube ngesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iqhwa lokuqala emadamini.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Inhlanzi ye-muksun iqala ukuzala ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa licibilika emifuleni. Ukukhiqiza kabusha, ahlanganisa ibanga lamakhilomitha ayinkulungwane phezulu. Igebe elikhulu kangaka linganqotshwa kuphela phakathi nasekwindla. Endaweni yokukhosela, izinhlanzi zifuna indawo enetshe elihlanzekile noma phansi kwesihlabathi nomsinga oqinile, le ndawo izokhanga kakhulu kumuksun. Isikhathi sokuzala siphela ngoNovemba, futhi siqala ngokuvela kwamaqhuqhuva okuqala eqhwa ebusweni bamanzi.
Kuyathakazelisa!UMuksun uyeka ukuzala ngokushesha lapho izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lehla ngaphansi kwama-4 degrees Celsius.
Inani lenzalo lixhomeke ngqo kubukhulu benhlanzi kamama uqobo. Udoti owodwa "ulingana" kusuka emaqanda angama-40 kuye kwangama-60 ayizinkulungwane. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, owesifazane oyedwa onjalo angenza cishe uhambo olungu-3-4 lokuzala, ngoba inhlanzi ayingeni emfuleni minyaka yonke. Insikazi inamandla anele okubuyela ezindaweni ezithenjisiwe, kepha ekuzaleni okulandelayo kudingeka ithole amandla, ilulame, igcwale amafutha.
Amaqanda ngokwawo avuthwa cishe izinyanga ezinhlanu.... Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, i-gazinga elisanda kuzalwa ligingqelwa phansi njengamanje lamanzi asezizalweni zemvula (amathangi e-sedimentation) noma izindawo eziphansi zomfula. Inhlanzi esekhulile ibhekwa njengokuvuthwa ngokocansi ngemuva kokufinyelela eminyakeni eyishumi. Abesifazane bavuthwa ngemuva kwesikhashana. Imvamisa i-muksun ibhekwa njengokulungele ukuzala ngokushesha lapho ifinyelela kuma-800 amagremu. Kubhekwe ukuba sengozini enkulu kwezinhlanzi ngalesi sikhathi ukuthi kuvunyelwe ukuyizingela ezindaweni kanye nemibandela elawulwa ngokuqinile, futhi ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kushushiswa ngumthetho ngokugcwele. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuvunyelwe amacala okwenza izenzo zokudoba ezemidlalo ebusika, lapho izinhlanzi zibanjwa futhi zikhishwa.
Izitha zemvelo
Endle, izinhlanzi ze-muksun zinezitha zemvelo ezingaphansi kakhulu kunasogwini. Kungaba yisisulu sezilwane ezinkulu ezizingelayo, kodwa-ke, noma kunjalo, abantu babhekwa njengempi enkulu kakhulu yalomele obaluleke kakhulu. Ukubamba okungalawulwa okunomthelela omkhulu kubantu base-muksun. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi, isikhathi eside, abantu ababehlala ezindaweni ezingasemachibini agcwele lolu hlobo babizwa ngokuthi ama-muksunniks. Kusukela iminyaka eminingi, ukubamba i-muksun bekubhekwa njengomholo wabo omkhulu.
Ngenhlanhla, okwamanje akusenakwenzeka ukuhlangana nezinqwaba zezidumbu zezinhlanzi ezibandisiwe eqhweni, ngokuxhamazela okushiywe abazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Ukubanjwa kulawulwa ngokucophelela futhi kubhekwe ngabaphathi bezokudoba.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Inani elikhulu kangako lenyama ye-muksun liholele ekubanjweni kwalo okungalawulwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani labantu laqala ukwehla ngokushesha, emanzini lapho i-muksun ngaphambili yayitholakala ngobuningi - manje kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuyithola.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ngokwesimo sayo, inhlanzi ibonakala njengezinhlobo zezentengiselwano. Kodwa-ke, ikakhulukazi emlonyeni woMfula i-Ob, ngenxa yokudoba okungalawulwa, amanani ayo ancishiswa ngokujulile. Isimo siba sibi kakhulu kwezinye izindawo, ezazinabantu abaningi phambilini.
Le nhlanzi ayikwazi ukuzivikela ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzala. Njengoba iningi labazingeli abangekho emthethweni beyazi imizila yokuhamba ye-muksun, bayibamba ngqo kusuka ekugelezeni kwenqwaba jikelele. Ngakho-ke, izikole ezizala kakhulu yizona ezisengozini enkulu. Ngakho-ke, izinsizakalo zokubhekela ukudoba, ukuze kumiswe abazingeli abangasuthiseki, zivame ukuhamba nezinhlanzi phakathi nohambo lwazo lokukhwelana kulo lonke ubude bendlela.
Inani lokuhweba
UMuksun, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uyinhlanzi eyingqayizivele ngokwakhiwa kwenyama yayo. Lokhu kuyisibiliboco sangempela, inyama yayo, noma ngabe ibanjelwe kuphi noma iqhwa lesikhathi eside, iyaqhubeka nokukhipha iphunga elihlukile kunoma iyiphi enye inhlanzi - efana nephunga lamakhukhamba asanda kusikwa. Izici eziwusizo zalo mmeleli we-whitefish nazo azinakususwa. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi isidingo somkhiqizo wezinhlanzi omuhle siphezulu kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho, inani labantu lincipha ngokushesha.
Kumabala wokubala izinhlanzi, bacela ama-ruble angama-700 ikhilogremu ngalolu hlobo olumnandi lwenyama. Ngaphandle kokuthuthwa ezindaweni ezikude zeRussian Federation. Okuhlukile kungenziwa kuphela kulabo abaphethwe ukungezwani komzimba - lolu hlobo lwesibiliboco cishe luyaphikiswa ngabo.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-muksun ayizange ibe yinto yokubamba kuphela, kepha futhi nokuzalanisa. Isetshenziselwa ukufuya izinhlanzi ngenhloso yokuhweba.
Kukholakala ukuthi inyama ye-muksun ayikwazi ukutheleleka ngama-parasites, yingakho kunconywa ukuyidla noma iluhlaza.... Ngokwemvelo, ukucabanga ngomqondo ovamile, akunakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwenyama yenhlanzi ngayinye, ikakhulukazi ngoba omele lolu hlobo lomthandi wokucwilisa osebeni lomfula. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukushisa ngokuphelele ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Inhlanzi kumele ibiliswe, ibhakwe, ithosiwe noma iqandiswe ezingeni lokushisa elingadluli ku-40 degrees Celsius.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Umfula perch
- Coho
- Inhlanzi eyikati
- UZander
Ngeshwa, amafriza ajwayelekile awanawo amandla. Ngakho-ke, ngokulungiselela izitsha ezintsha zezinhlanzi, kubalulekile ukuthenga izinto zokusetshenziswa kuphela kubakhiqizi be-bona fide abahlola ngokucophelela izimpahla ukutholakala kokutheleleka kwesimuncagazi.
