Indawo yezilwane i-Abakan "Isikhungo Sezilwane Zasendle" iyisibonelo esicacile sokuthi iziqalo ezithobekile zabathandi bemvelo zingahumusha kanjani zibe yimiphumela evelele.
Lapho i-Abakan Zoo isungulwa
I-Abakan Zoo iqale ngendawo yokuhlala enesizotha ehlelwe endaweni yokulungisa inyama yendawo. Yayimelwe yizinhlanzi zasemanzini, ama-budgerigars ayisithupha nesikhova esineqhwa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1972. Esikhathini esithile kamuva, kwavela isidalwa esiphilayo esikhudlwana - ingwe egama lingu-Achilles, eyethulwe e-zoo ngumqeqeshi odumile uWalter Zapashny, izipholi ezimbili zase-Ara ezivela e-zoo mobile yaseNovosibirsk, amabhubesi amabili ne-jaguar Yegorka.
Umlando omfushane we-Abakan Zoo
Ngo-1998, ngenkathi i-Abakan Zoo isivele ingumnikazi weqoqo elikhulu lezilwane, i-Abakan Meat Processing Plant yabhidlika, eyadlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni i-zoo. Ngemuva kwalokho, lesi sikhungo sathathwa nguMnyango Wezamasiko waseKhakassia. Ngemuva konyaka, igama elisemthethweni lashintsha ukusuka ezu lase-Abakansky laba yiRepublican State Institution Zoological Park yeRiphabhlikhi yaseKhakassia.
Ngo-2002, i-zoo yanikezwa umsebenzi wokubuyisela izinto zezitshalo nezilwane nokugcina ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-zoo yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-State Institution "Centre for Wildlife". Ngawo lowo nyaka, ngenxa yempumelelo yayo evelele, i-Abakan Zoological Park yamukelwa e-EARAZA (i-Euro-Asia Regional Association of Zoos and Aquariums) nokusebenzisana noshicilelo lwamazwe omhlaba i "Zoo" lwaqala.
Ithuthuke kanjani i-Abakan Zoo
Lapho uquqaba olubanzi luthola ngokuqanjwa kwe-Abakan Zoological Park, ngokushesha kwaheha umphakathi kanye nabathandi bomuntu ngamunye. Ngenxa yalokhu, waqala ukugcwalisa ngokushesha nabamele abasha bezilwane zaseKrasnoyarsk Territory naseKhakassia.
Abasebenzi bamahlathi banikeze usizo olukhulu. Abazingeli nabathandi bezilwane bamane bajoyina leli cala, beletha izilwane ezincane nezilimele ezitholakala ku-taiga ezilahlekelwe ngunina. Izilwane ezithathe umhlalaphansi zazivela kumasekisi ahlukahlukene aseSoviet. Ngasikhathi sinye, oxhumana nabo basungulwa namanye ama-zoo ezweni, ngenxa yokuthi ukushintshaniswa kwamazinyane azalelwe ekuthunjweni kwenzeka.
Eminyakeni engu-18 ngemuva kokusekelwa kwayo - ngo-1990 - abameleli abangama-85 bezilwane bahlala e-zoo, kwathi eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili kamuva izilwane ezinwabuzelayo zanezelwa ezincelisayo nasezinyonini. Futhi izakhamuzi zokuqala ze-terrarium kwakuyi-iguana nengwenya yeNayile eyethulwa kumqondisi ngaleso sikhathi we-zoo A.G. Sukhanov.
Alexander Grigorievich Sukhanov wenza umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni i-zoo. Naphezu kwesikhathi esinzima somnotho (wathatha isikhundla sokuba ngumqondisi ngo-1993), wakwazi ukugcina kuphela i-zoo, kodwa futhi nokuyigcwalisa ngezilwane ezingavamile ezingavamile nezincwadi ezibomvu.
Unkosikazi wakhe, owayephethe umkhakha wezilwane ezincane, naye waba negalelo elibonakalayo. Ngokubambisana nomyeni wakhe, ezimweni ezinzima, wakwazi ukufeza ukwanda kwenani lezilwane, ngokuzimela, endlini yakhe, ukukhulisa lawo mawundlu omama babo abakwazanga ukondla inzalo. Ngalesi sikhathi, kungenzeka ukufeza lokho hhayi kuphela ama-ungulates asendle, kepha futhi nezinkawu, amabhubesi, ama-Bengal nama-Amur tiger kanye nezingcweti zaqala ukuletha inzalo njalo.
Ezivela emazweni ahlukene u-A.G.Sukhanov ulethe izilwane ezingavamile njenge-wallaby kangaroo yase-Australia, i-manul, i-caracal, i-ocelot, i-serval nezinye.
Ngo-1999, kwakuhlala izilwane ezingama-470 ezinhlobonhlobo eziyi-145 e-Abakan Zoo. Eminyakeni emithathu nje kamuva, abamele abangama-675 bezinhlobo ezingama-193 zezilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo basebevele behlala lapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-40 zazingezeRed Book.
Njengamanje, i-Abakan Zoo yisikhungo esikhulu kunazo zonke zohlobo lwaso endaweni eseMpumalanga yeSiberia. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuyona i-zoo kuphela. Futhi iyinkulisa yokuzalanisa izilwane nezinyoni ezingandile nezisengcupheni yokushabalala, njenge-peregrine falcon ne-saker falcon. Mangisho ukuthi izilwane eziningi zasendle, ezihlala e-zoo kusukela ekuzalweni, sezivele zathanjiswa ngokuphelele futhi zingazivumela ukuthi ziphululwe.
Umlilo esiqiwini i-Abakan
NgoFebhuwari 1996, izintambo zikagesi zasha ngomlilo egumbini lapho izilwane ezazithanda ukushisa zazigcinwa khona ebusika, okwaholela emlilweni. Lokhu kwaholela ekufeni cishe kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezithanda ukushisa. Njengomphumela womlilo, inani lezilwane zehliswa laba yizinhlobo ezingama-46 zezilwane, obekuyizinhlobo ikakhulukazi "ezingamelana namakhaza", ezinjengamahlosi e-Ussuri, izimpisi, izimpungushe kanye nezinye izidleke. Ngenkathi, ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngemuva komlilo, umphathi-dolobha waseMoscow ngaleso sikhathi, u-Yuri Luzhkov, wavakashela i-Khakassia, wadonsela ukunakekela kule nhlekelele futhi wasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi i-steppe lynx eyivelakancane, i-caracal, yanikelwa ivela e-Zoo yaseMoscow. Amanye ama-zoo eRussia, ikakhulukazi avela eNovosibirsk, ePerm naseSeversk, nawo anikeze usizo olukhulu.
Ngandlela thile, amahlosi ambalwa ase-Ussuri ogama lawo linguVerny no-Elsa, abazala izingane ngemuva nje komlilo futhi ngaleyo ndlela badonsela ukunakekelwa komphakathi e-zoo, nabo baba nomthelela emvuselelweni. Kumele kushiwo ukuthi phakathi neminyaka emine, ama-tiger cubs angama-32 azalelwa e-zoo, athengiselwa amanye ama-zoo futhi ashintshaniswa ngezilwane ezazingakabi se-Abakan Zoo.
Ikusasa liphetheni i-Abakan Zoo
I-zoo inesivumelwano nepulazi lezimboni laseTashtyp ekunikezelweni kwamahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-180 zomhlaba okudingeka ukusondeza izilwane endaweni yazo yemvelo, kanye nasendaweni yokuzala kabusha.
Abaphathi bahlela ukwakha indawo yokuhlala izilwane ezifuywayo. Uma kungenzeka ukudala izimo ezidingekayo zokuphindwaphindwa kwezakhamizi zase-zoo endle, isikhungo singaba yilungu lohlelo lokulondolozwa kwezilwane zasendle emhlabeni jikelele.
Yiziphi izenzo ezenziwa e-Abakan Zoo?
Ehlobo, i-zoo ihlela ukuvakasha okunezihloko, lapho iziqondiso zabafundi bezikole nabaqeqeshiwe ngokukhethekile. Amaholidi afakwa esiteji ezingane nawo abanjwa njalo, inhloso yawo ukugxilisa esizukulwaneni esisha uthando lwemvelo futhi sitshele ngezakhamizi zakhona, okumanje isintu esinikeze ilungelo elilodwa - ilungelo lokubhujiswa.
Izinhlelo zamaholide zivame ukubhekisa emasikweni abantu bomdabu baseKhakassia, ababesuselwa ekuhlonipheni iMvelo. Ungabona futhi amasiko asendulo ahlose ukuhlinzeka umuntu ngobunye neMvelo. Uhambo lwetimu nolokubuka izindawo kanye nezinkulumo ngezihloko zebhayoloji nezemvelo zibanjwa. Izingane zesikole zinikezwa ithuba lokungagcini ngokubheka izilwane kuphela, kodwa nokuthi zibambe iqhaza ezimpilweni zazo, zithuthukise ukwakheka nokuhlelwa kwamakheji azo, futhi zenze izingoma ezivela ematsheni nakwezinye izinto zemvelo.
Kusukela ngo-2009, wonke umuntu angabamba iqhaza esenzweni esithi “Ngikunakekele”, lapho izilwane eziningi zithole ababheki bazo abazisizayo ngokudla, ezezimali noma ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo ezithile. Ngenxa yalesi senzo, kule minyaka embalwa edlule, i-zoo ithole abangane abaningi, kufaka phakathi abantu nezinkampani namabhizinisi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba i-Abakan Zoo isabhekene nenkinga efana nemibandela yokugcina izinyoni nezilwane ezingahlangabezani namazinga omhlaba. Lokhu kuvezwa ngeqiniso lokuthi izilwane ezifuywayo ziphoqeleka ukuthi zihlale emakhejini amancane kakhulu ensimbi anendawo kakhonkolo.
Ikuphi i-Abakan Zoo
I-Abakan Zoo itholakala enhlokodolobha yeRiphabhlikhi yaseKhakassia - idolobha lase-Abakan. Isiza se-zoo kwakuyindawo eyinkangala yangaphambili, eyayiseduze nemihlangano yokusebenzela yokukhiqiza isitshalo sendawo sokupakisha inyama, esaba uhlobo lomzali walesi zoo esencane. Imfucuza evela esikhungweni sokucubungula inyama yabe isetshenziswa njengokudla kwesilwane. Umqondisi ngaleso sikhathi waleli bhizinisi - u-A.S. UKardash - usebenze kanzima ukusiza i-zoo futhi wayinikeza ukuxhaswa kweqembu kanye nezinyunyana.
Ukulandela lokhu, iningi labathandi bajoyina ibhizinisi, ngenxa yomsebenzi kabani otshalwe izinkulungwane zezihlahla nezihlahla ngoMgqibelo nangeSonto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zazimbozwa nge-asphalt, amakamelo okusiza, izindiza kanye namakheji. Ngakho ihlane laba yingadi yangempela yezilwane ezingavamile, manje esehlanganisa indawo engaphezu kwamahektha amahlanu.
Yiziphi izilwane ezihlala e-Abakan Zoo
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukuqoqwa kwezilwane ze-Abakan Zoo kukhulu kakhulu futhi kudinga ukucutshungulwa okuningiliziwe. Ngo-2016, i-zoo yayihlala cishe izinhlobo eziyi-150 zezilwane.
Izilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala e-Abakan Zoo
Ama-Artiodactyls
- Umndeni wengulube: Ingulube.
- Umndeni wamakamela: IGuanaco, iLama, iBactrian Camel.
- Umndeni wakwa-Bakery: Ababhaki abahlanganisiwe.
- Umndeni wakwaBovids: Imbuzi yeWinehorn (markhur), iBison, Yak yasekhaya.
- Umndeni wezinyamazane: Ama-subspecies amahlathi ama-reindeer, i-Ussuri sika deer, i-Altai maral, i-Siberia roe deer, i-Elk.
Ama-equids
Umndeni we-Equine: Iponi, Imbongolo.
Izidliwayo
- Umndeni wekati: Ingwe yase-Bengal, i-Amur tiger, i-Black panther, ingwe yasePheresiya, ingwe yaseMpumalanga Ekude, iNgonyama, ikati le-Civet (ikati lokudoba), iServal, i-Red lynx, i-Common lynx, i-Puma, i-Caracal, ikati le-Steppe. Ikati likaPallas.
- Umndeni wakwaCivet: I-mongoose emthende, I-geneta ejwayelekile.
- Umndeni kaWeasel: I-American mink (ejwayelekile futhi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), i-Honorik, i-Furo, i-Domret ferret, i-Common badger, i-Wolverine.
- Umndeni wakwaRaccoon: Umugqa we-Raccoon, uNosuha.
- Umndeni webhere: Ibhere elinsundu, ibhere laseHimalaya (Ussuri bear-breasted bear).
- Umndeni wakwaCanine: Impungushe enesiliva-emnyama, impungushe yeqhwa yaseGeorgia, impungushe ejwayelekile, iKorsak, inja yeRaccoon, impisi ebomvu, impungushe yase-Arctic.
Izinambuzane
Lesi sigaba simelwe ngumndeni owodwa kuphela - onogwaja, futhi munye kuphela wabamele bayo - i-hedgehog ejwayelekile.
Amabele
- Umndeni weMonkey: Inkawu eluhlaza, iBaboon hamadryl, iLapunder macaque, iRhesus macaque, i-Javanese macaque, i-Bear macaque.
- Umndeni we-marmoset: Igrunka ijwayelekile.
Ama-Lagomorphs
Umndeni wakwa-Hare: Unogwaja waseYurophu.
Amagundane
- Umndeni kaNutriev: I-Nutria.
- Umndeni wakwaChinchilla: I-Chinchilla (yasekhaya).
- Umndeni Agutiev: Olive agouti.
- Umndeni wemumpa: Ingulube yasekhaya.
- Umndeni wengulube: Ingungumbane yaseNdiya.
- Umndeni wegundane: Igundane Elimpunga, Igundane Lasekhaya, Igundane Lezinkozi.
- Umndeni kaHamster: I-Muskrat, i-hamster yaseSyria (egolide), i-Clawed (Mongolian) gerbil.
- Umndeni we-squirrel: I-gopher enomsila omude.
Izinyoni ezihlala e-Abakan Zoo
I-Cassowary
- Umndeni kaPheasant: Izigwaca zaseJapan, ipigogo elijwayelekile, i-Guinea fowl, i-Silver pheasant, i-Golden pheasant, i-Common pheasant.
- Umndeni waseTurkey: I-turkey eyenziwe ekhaya.
- Umndeni wakwa-Emu: Emu.
IsiPelican
Umndeni wasePelican: I-pelican egobile.
Unogolantethe
Umndeni wakwaHeron: Isikhukhukazi esimpunga.
Ama-Anseriformes
Umndeni wedada: Pintail, Sheep, Ogar, Home Muscovy Duck, Carolina Duck, Mandarin Duck, Mallard, Domestic Duck, White-fronted Goose, Black Swan, Whooper Swan.
Ama-Charadriiformes
Umndeni wakwaGull: I-Herring gull.
Ama-Falconiformes
- Umndeni woKlebe: IGolden Eagle, Burial Eagle, Upland Buzzard, Upland Buzzard (Buzzard enemilenze Emibi), Common Buzzard (Siberian Buzzard), Black Kite.
- Umndeni we-Falcon: Ukuzilibazisa, i-Common Kestrel, i-Peregrine Falcon, i-Saker Falcon.
Crane efana
Umndeni wakwaCran: Idemoiselle crane.
Kufana nejuba
Umndeni kaPigeon: Ijuba elincane. Ijuba.
Opholi
Umndeni wama-Parrot: I-Amazon yaseVenezuela, i-Rosy-cheeked birdbird, iBudgerigar. ICorella, iCockatoo.
Izikhova
Umndeni wezikhova zeqiniso: Isikhova esinezindlebe ezinde, Isikhova esikhulu esimpunga, Isikhova esinomsila omude, Isikhova esimhlophe, Isikhova.
Ezihuquzelayo (ezihuquzelayo) ezihlala e-Abakan Zoo
Izimfudu
- Umndeni wezimfudu ezihlukaniswe kathathu: I-African Trionix, i-Chinese Trionix.
- Umndeni wezimfudu zomhlaba: Ufudu lomhlaba.
- Umndeni wezimfudu zamanzi angenasawoti: Ufudu lwamanzi angenasawoti (amnyama) amanzi afudumele, ufudu olubomvu, ama-marsh turtle aseYurophu.
- Umndeni wezimfudu eziqhumayo: Ukuqhuma ufudu.
Izingwenya
- Umndeni wakwa-Iguana: Iguana ivamile.
- Umndeni wakwaChameleon: Unembeza othwala isigqoko (Yemeni).
- Gada umndeni wesibankwa: Isigcilikisha esiyi-Central Asia grey.
- Umndeni wezibankwa zangempela: Isibankwa esivamile.
- Umndeni wakwaGecko: UGecko onamabala, uToki Gecko.
- Umndeni wezingwenya zangempela: Ingwenya yeNayile.
Izinyoka
- Umndeni emincane Inyoka yaseSnow California, inyoka yenkosi yaseCalifornia, inyoka enephethini.
- Umndeni wemilenze yamanga: Ingwe ye-Albino python, inhlwathi yaseParaguay, iBoa constrictor.
- Umndeni wePit: Shitomordnik ejwayelekile (Pallasov shitomordnik).
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezilwane ezivela e-Abakan Zoo ezibalwe ku-Red Book
Sekukonke, cishe izinhlobo ezingamashumi amathathu zezilwane zeRed Data Book zihlala e-Abakan Zoo. Phakathi kwazo, okokuqala, kufanele kuhlukaniswe izinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- Ama-goose-sukhonos
- Idada lesiMandarin
- IsiPelican
- I-Peregrine falcon
- Ukhozi olusegolide
- Ukungcwaba ukhozi
- Ukhozi lwesitepe
- Ukhozi lweSaker
- Ingonyama yaseKapa
- I-cougar yaseMelika
- Iseva
- Ama-Bengal nama-Amur Tigers
- Ingwe yase-East Siberian
- I-Ocelot
- Ikati likaPallas
Lolu hlu lwezilwane aluyona eyokugcina: ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izakhamuzi zalo ziya ngokuya zanda.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukugcwaliswa kwenani lezilwane kuyinto esemthethweni futhi engekho emthethweni. Isibonelo, muva nje umuntu obefisa ukungadalulwa ulethe ukhozi oluthambile lwegolide e-zoo, kwathi ngo-2009 kwafika izinkukhu ezilwayo zisuka epulazini elingaphansi kweKrasnodar zaya eWildlife Centre.
