Izikhulumi ezidliwayo nezingamanga ziyafana ngokubukeka. Lapho uya kozingela amakhowe, cacisa ukuthi izinhlobo zibukeka kanjani. Uma ungabaza, ungafaki isivuno kubhasikidi.
Abantu badla izigqoko. Umlenze wesikhulumi unemicu futhi awumnandi. Izigqoko ziyabiliswa zifakwe emanzini anosawoti. Imilenze yomile futhi iyasilimela ukunandisa.
Izinhlobo zezikhulumi
Isikhulumi esigobile
Isiqu
Ithoni efanayo nengxenye ephezulu, i-clavate, ezacile, eyomile, emhlophe kuma-specimens angavuthiwe, iba nsundu ngeminyaka, i-pubescent ene-mycelium engezansi. Kunuka kabi futhi kungathandeki. Ayikhiphi ujusi wobisi.
Isigqoko
Ngaphandle, grey-yellow, ukuthungwa bushelelezi on palpation. I-convex in shape ku-fungi yokuqala, ne-tubercle; i-hymenophore emhlophe ibonwa ngezansi. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesikhunta, ifreyimu yakha phezulu kwekepisi, i-tubercle ihlala, futhi i-hymenophore ithola umbala ophuzi ophuzi.
I-govorushka egobile ididekile ngenxa yokungabi nalwazi nge-entola enobuthi, lapho:
- akukho faneli ne-tubercle;
- ukunambitheka okumunyu;
- umzimba wefungus ucasula umgudu wamathumbu ngisho nangemva kokupheka.
Isikhulumi esimpunga noma esibhemayo
Isiqu
I-Fibrous, ifushane, iqinile, ikhuluphele ezansi, umthunzi ongaphezulu umhlophe-mpunga. Kunuka insipho. I-pulp ayikhululekile, iyawa lapho icindezelwe, igcwele umswakama.
Isigqoko
Inyama izwakala esandleni; uma ibukwa ngaphezulu, umthunzi we-grey-ash noma ompunga onsundu. Ukuma kwezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala kuyinto eguquguqukayo futhi ehlehlisiwe; ngenkambo yempilo yesikhunta iyabhibha, kepha ukucindezeleka kuhlala kusenkabeni. I-hymenophore ejwayelekile ayishintshi umbala wayo ompunga nomhlophe noma ompunga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ikhowe lidinga ithumba elide. Uma ungasipheki isikhulumi esimpunga ngaphezu kwehora elingu-1⁄2, khona-ke yena:
- kucasule umgudu wokugaya ukudla;
- ukwandisa ukujuluka;
- yenza ukuphefumula kube nzima.
Ngokuya ngemithetho yokupheka, ikhowe alinabungozi. Ngemuva kokubilisa, usawoti kanye nolwandle.
Isikhulumi seGoblet
Isiqu
Ikhula ize ifike ku-10 cm, ikhuluphele ezansi, ibushelelezi phansi, inwebeka futhi iyize.
Isigqoko
Kubukeka njengofanele omkhulu, ingilazi noma isitsha. Unqenqema lusongwe phansi. Kuyakhanya. Uginindela usilika, mncane, mpunga, ngemuva kwemvula uqoqa amanzi. Umthunzi wekepisi ungaba mpunga ngokumnyama ngokuthinta umlotha, noma onsundu ophaphathekile. I-hymenophore inamagatsha, umbala onsundu ngokukhanyayo noma onsundu onsundu, amapuleti awavame ukutholakala, aya phansi.
Isikhulumi esiwolintshi
Isiqu
Umbala uyefana ne-hymenophore. Kubukeka kuyindilinga, kuzacile ezansi. Uginindela onzima awunambitheki futhi awunamphunga, ubomvu, unwebe ngokushaya ngamandla.
Isigqoko
Amaphethelo we-cap agobile, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuthatha ukubukeka okumise okwefaneli. Umbala wayo uphuzi ngokusawolintshi, uhlala maphakathi nendawo, ngasemphethweni iba mbala. I-hymenophore yehlela emlenzeni, umbala wayo ulula ukudlula owengxenye engenhla; uma ipuleti lonakele, liyafiphala.
Isikhulumi seClubfoot
Isiqu
Umlenze ompunga onsundu ukhombisa ukuma okufana neklabhu evuvukile. Ukuthungwa kunemicu, i-mycelium plaque ibonakala ngezansi.
Isigqoko
Iphrofayili ephezulu yesikhunta esincane yi-convex, umkhawulo omncane uphakanyisiwe. Ngokuguga, ikepisi liqonde, izinhlobo ezivuthwe ngokweqile zibonisa uhlaka olumise okwefaneli. Umbala awuguquki futhi uhlala ungwevu onsundu noma onsundu kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila. I-hymenophore idlulela esiqwini, ayivamile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umbala omhlophe uphuzi, noma ushintshe kukhilimu. Emaphethelweni, ikepisi lincane, likhipha iphunga elincane.
Isikhulumi sefanele
Isiqu
Iphrofayili yomlenze mncane, inzima ukuthinta, kepha inwebeka futhi ayephuli. Esiqwini kukhona "okuzwayo" okumhlophe, kukhipha izinto ezibola amaqabunga aseduze awile, akhipha izakhi zomuthi we-mycelium.
Isigqoko
Isigaxa siphume phakathi; ngemuva kokuvuthwa, ikepisi lithatha uhlobo lwefaneli ebukhali. Umbala wenyama yekhowe uphuzi-nsundu-fawn, womile kuze uthinte, umphetho wekepisi awulingani ngokungalingani. Amapuleti avamile e-hymenophore ehla eceleni kwesiqu. Ukhunta lufihla i-mealy.
Isikhulumi Esiphikisiwe
Umlenze
Umthunzi ulula ukwedlula phezulu kwekhowe noma nsundu ngokugqwala, isiqu sigobile phansi, inyama inzima. Esiqwini esiqinile sezinhlobo ezincane, umgodi uyakheka kancane kancane, isiqu siguqula umthunzi waso ube bomvu.
Isigqoko
Uphele uyajula kancane kancane. Esikhathini sokuqala, amakhowe anesigqoko esibomvu ophuzi-nsundu noma isitini, ulahlekelwa ukukhanya kwawo ngobudala, kukhanya ngobumanzi. I-hymenophore yehlela esiqwini. Amapuleti akhanyayo aphuzi kancane kancane aba sandy-buffy noma ansundu ngokuphuzi. I-Pulp enomuzwa omncane we-acidic.
Anise okhulumayo
Umlenze
Kubanzi emhlabathini, umumo oyindilinga, umbala ophuzi ngokumpunga noluhlaza okotshani. Isiqu sibushelelezi phezulu, kancane lapho kushicilelwa khona. Umzimba unamanzi, unuka kakhulu i-anise.
Isigqoko
Esigabeni sokuqala sempilo yefungus, imiphetho igobile, kepha kancane kancane iyaqonda. Ukudangala okuncane noma i-tubercle kuyabonakala engxenyeni emaphakathi yekepisi. Umthunzi wakhe uluhlaza ngokumpunga, ukhanya usondele emaphethelweni.
Izinhlobo ezinobuthi zezikhulumi
Isikhulumi se-Waxy
Abavuni bamakhowe abavame ukuhlangana namakhowe, kuyisibonelo esinobuthi, ngemuva kokusebenzisa kwawo umgudu wokugaya ukudla unobuthi obunzima.
Isiqu
I-rounded-even, eduze kwesisekelo iba banzi, inyama iqinile. Umthunzi wesiqu awumhlophe qwa. Kubushelelezi engxenyeni engenhla, i-pubescent kancane eduze kwesisekelo. Iphunga lekhowe lamanga alihehi neze.
Isigqoko
Iphrofayili i-convex kuma-specimens okuqala; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, icindezelekile noma iba yisicaba, imiphetho ihlala ingalingani. I-knoll encane iyabonakala engxenyeni emaphakathi. Ukuthungwa kungu-matte, ku-palpation kuyashelela, indawo ekhanyayo empunga iba mnyama ngobumanzi, kuvela izindawo eziyindilinga ezingabonakali kahle. Amapuleti we-Hemenophore ayisikhilimu.
Isikhulumi Esikhulu
Isiqu
Okumhlophe, okuminyene ngokushaywa, kungafinywa, kunwebeka okunamafutha, akuzwanga kahle ukuthi kunemeyali, kubabayo ekugugeni.
Isigqoko
Ekuqaleni, intaba i-convex, kancane kancane ifomu lokudangala laphakathi nendawo. Amaphethelo mancane, akhuphukela phezulu. Ububanzi buphakathi kuka-13-15 cm, kwezinye zezinhlobo ezitholakele kungamasentimitha angama-30 noma ngaphezulu. Ukuthungwa kungu-matte, kusilika ku-palpation, esikalini akuvamile ukubonwa. Umthunzi wekepisi umhlophe, ikhofi elingajwayelekile kakhulu. Amapuleti eHymenophore anamabhuloho ehla eceleni kwesiqu. Ngokwesigaba esishisayo sempilo yefungus, ikepisi liphuzi.
Abantu basebenzisa futhi bathole isikhulumi esikhulu. Kusawoti / kufakwe emanzini anosawoti kuphela ngemuva kokubilisa isikhathi eside nokudonsa amanzi. Ososayensi bathole i-antibiotic yemvelo emzimbeni wefungus. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abelaphi babephatha ukusetshenziswa ngesikhulumi esikhulu.
Isikhulumi esimhlophe
Ukudla akunconywa ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwe-muscarine emzimbeni wamakhowe.
Isiqu
Ku-palpation, tomentose, pubescent. Iphrofayili ifana nesilinda esisekelweni, lapho igobeka khona. Umthunzi umhlophe noma uphuzi.
Isigqoko
Ama-specimens amancane abonisa ukuqhuma ekhanda, bese igoba ngaphakathi, umphetho uzacile ngomcengezi. Isikhumba simhlophe noma sibomvana kancane, si-rough ezithelweni zakuqala; kuma-specimens amadala, siyacwebezela futhi sibushelelezi ekuthinteni. IHymenophore enamacwecwe amhlophe futhi ahlukaniswe kaningi, yehla ngobuthakathaka phansi kwesiqu. Inyama izacile, ikhipha umuzwa ongaziwa kakhulu, ikepisi iyanambitheka kahle.
Isipikha Esiqhekekayo
Faka ubuthi kuleli khowe uma lingena kubhasikidi. Musa ukusika amakhowe ngemifantu ezinhlokweni ezimhlophe.
Isiqu
Faka umbala kwithoni ngekepisi noma nsundu ngethoni ebomvu, okufana nokuzwakala kusisekelo esiseduze ne-mycelium.
Isigqoko
Esikhathini sokuqala, ibonisa ukuqhuma, okucindezelwa kancane kancane engxenyeni emaphakathi, kuqonde, kuvela ukuqhuma okumhlophe kwe-powdery. Ngemuva kwesigaba esincane, izigqoko ziyaqhekeka. Ukuqhakaza okubomvu ngokubomvu kubonakala kubo. Izindawo ezigxile kakhulu ezingabonakali zakhiwa emzimbeni wekepisi. I-hymenophore ejwayelekile idlulela esiqwini, umbala wamacwecwe ubomvu ngokubomvu, ekugugeni kuthatha umbala o-creamy. Inyama ezacile ayizwa yikhowe, okuzwayo akukhanyi.
Isikhulumi esinsundu ngokubomvu
I-Muscarine esikhulumi esibomvu ngokubomvu yenza lolu hlobo lungadli, futhi ukunambitheka akulungile. Yeka, ungawasika amakhowe.
Isiqu
Ithoni yesiqu ilula kunaleyo yamakhanda, ibomvu, isiqu samakhowe kunzima ukusithinta.
Isigqoko
Imise okwefaneli, ibanzi. Umbala uyehluka phakathi kwemithunzi emithathu:
- okuphuzi ngokubomvu;
- nsundu ngokubomvu;
- ibala ukugqwala.
I-hymenophore enezingcwecwe ezijwayelekile ezehla ngaphansi kwe-pedicle. Anokhilimu noma umbala ogqwalile ngokufakwa ophuzi. Inyama mncane, ngakho-ke iyaqhekeka, inzima ekushayweni, umthunzi we-fawn noma obomvu, ukhipha umuzwa omuncu, i-tart yezinhlamvu zokunambitha.
Ukuqoqela izindawo zezikhulumi
Amakhowe akhetha izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esipholile. Amakhowe abo awahambisani nesikhathi, ahlala emaphethelweni amasimu ehlathi ahlanganisiwe futhi axubekile, kodwa futhi nezinsimu nezimfunda ezingenazo izimila eziminyene. Izikhulumi ziqoqwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu, eRussia, ezingxenyeni ezithile ze-Asia nezwekazi laseMelika Ephakathi.
Isici esivelele sezikhulumi ukuthi zikhula ngamaqembu, abantu bakuthola okuthiwa. izindandatho zezangoma ezenziwe ngamakhowe. Imibuthano yezikhulumi emhlabeni yayiphanjaniswa njengezindawo zamandla amabi, futhi ukwakheka kwawo kwakungabhekiswe ezintweni zemvelo, kepha kubangelwe izingqinamba zemimoya engcolile.
Yini ukusetshenziswa kwezikhulumi kumuntu
Izakhi zezinto eziphilayo ze-fungus, ama-amino acid, amavithamini nezakhi zomzimba:
- zikhuthaze izinqubo ze-metabolic;
- ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi wenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi;
- khulisa ithoni;
- ukukhulisa ukusebenza kobuchopho;
- ukujwayela umgudu wokugaya ukudla;
- qinisa amasosha omzimba;
- ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwamathumba amabi;
- ukunciphisa inqubo yokuguga;
- ukuthuthukisa imizwa;
- khulisa umthamo wokusebenza.
Ukulimala kwabakhulumayo
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa isikhulumi, hlolisisa ukusabela okweqile kwikhowe.
Uhlu lwezakhiwo eziwusizo luyahlaba umxhwele, kepha isikhulumi siyingozi uma sisetshenziswa ngokweqile. Uma ekudleni kunamakhowe amaningi, umuntu uzizwa engaphilile, futhi i-microflora ye-pathogenic yanda ngenkuthalo emkhakheni wokugaya ukudla.
- Kukhulisa izifo zomgudu wamathumbu. Ngemuva kokwakheka kwegesi eningi, indle iyaphazamiseka, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila luyahlupheka futhi luvuvukale, umuntu uyagula, uyahlanza, abe nesiyezi kuze kufike ku-migraine ebukhali.
- Kwandisa ithoni lesinye mucosa. Ukunxenxa njalo kuba nzima ukuphumula ebusuku, ugeze i-phosphorus ne-calcium.
Ukuphikisana okuphelele:
- Isikhunta sibhebhethekisa imisipha ebuhlungu futhi engalawuleki esithuthweni.
- Kukhuphula izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo.
- Nge-gastritis nezilonda, awukwazi ukudla izikhulumi. Amakhowe athinta ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, futhi seluvele luchaziwe.
- Kwandisa umfutho wegazi.
- Iphazamisa umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini.
- Ukufaka ubuthi kuzikhulumi, lokho umuntu akuzwayo:
- Amakhowe, njengesipanji, amunca ubuthi nezinto eziyingozi ezivela emvelweni ezithinta umzimba, noma ngabe umuntu engazidlanga izinhlobo ezinobuthi.
- Ubuso buba bomvu, ukujuluka kuyanda, ukubonwa kwe-bronchial kubonakala, ukuphefumula kuba nzima, ukuhlukaniswa kwamathe nokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, umzimba uyathuthumela, umoya-mpilo egazini wehla.
- Lapho kudliwa amakhowe anobuthi, umsebenzi wohlelo lwezinhliziyo uyawohloka, izindonga zemikhumbi ziyancipha, izingcwecwe namahlule egazi kuyawavala, igazi lijikeleza kanzima.
- Ukubona komuntu kukhubazekile, ubona kabi. Ukusangana, ukudideka, ukuhleka, ulaka, ukushintshana nokunganaki kuyenzeka. Umzimba uyathuthumela, uyagodola, ubronze bronchi.
Uma umuntu edle amakhowe amancane, izimpawu ziyancipha ngemuva kwamahora ama-2-3. Uma ngabe isabelo besisikhulu, ukuminyana kwenzeka ngenxa yokwehluleka ukuphefumula.
