Ilemmming kaVinogradov (Dicrostonyx vinogradovi) ingeye-vole, i-oda lamagundane.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zokulimala kukaVinogradov.
Ilemming Vinogradov iyigundane elikhulu elinobude bomzimba cishe obungamasentimitha ayi-17. Kunama-chromosomes angama-28 ku-karyotype. Umbala woboya phezulu ungumpunga womlotha, kukhona amachashazi ansundu namabala amancane omthunzi kakhilimu. Awukho umugqa omnyama nokhololo okhanyayo ngemuva. Umbala omnyama ubonakala kuphela kwi-sacrum. Ikhanda limnyama mpunga. Izihlathi ziyimpunga elula. Umzimba ubomvu ngokubomvu ezinhlangothini. Ama-lemmings amancane anombala onsundu onsundu.
Umucu omnyama nawo ugqama maphakathi nendawo engemuva. Ukulimaza kukaVinogradov kwehlukile kunezinhlobo ezihlobene kugebhezi olude nolukhulu, ngesifunda se-occipital esandiswe kakhulu. Ebusika, umbala woboya uphenduka umhlophe. Ihlukile kwe-Ob lemming ekukhanyeni okumpunga okukhanyayo komzimba ophansi. Azikho izithunzi ezibomvu kumhlane ongezansi. Ama-auricles anombala onsundu, anendawo enesithunzi phansi.
Ukwelulwa kwe-lemming kaVinogradov.
Ukuvuthwa kukaVinogradov kutholakala kuphela e-Wrangel Island. Lezi zinhlobo zamagundane zivame kakhulu kulesi siqhingi. Uhlala ogwini lwesifunda se-Anadyr (RF, Northern Chukotka). Isakazeka ngaphezu kwendawo engama-7600 km2.
Izindawo zokuhlala ulwelwesi lukaVinogradov.
I-Lemming Vinogradov ehlobo ihlala kuma-biotopes ahlukahlukene. Kwenzeka eduze kwamathala nemithambeka eyomile. Uhlala emagqumeni phakathi kwezindawo eziphansi ezinenhlabathi enamanzi. Igwema izindawo ezinomswakama ngamanzi amile. Ikhetha imithambeka eyomile enamadwala. Kwenzeka emifuleni nasezigodini zemifula, kugcwele utshani nezihlahla ezingandile kodwa ezigcwele. Imvamisa ihlala namanye amagundane eduze. Ebusika, izigaxa zikaVinogradov zihlangana ezindaweni lapho iqhwa lisaqala khona, imvamisa ezintabeni nasemathafeni.
Inani lemamming kaVinogradov kumvelo.
Ukulimaza kukaVinogradov kunomthelela ekwandeni kokuchuma kwenhlabathi esiqhingini, ngoba lapho ukumba imigodi kushukumisa inhlabathi futhi kukhuphule ukuhamba komoya kuya ezimpandeni zezitshalo. Lolu hlobo lwe-lemming luyisixhumanisi esibalulekile kumaketanga okudla ezakhamizi zakulesi siqhingi. Eminyakeni engemihle, lapho inani lamakhemikhali kaVinogradov lehla kakhulu, izimpungushe zase-Arctic nezinye izilwane ezidlayo zidla amaqanda namachwane ama-Anseriformes ahlukahlukene. Bese kuba khona ukwanda kwenani lamagundane, futhi kuba ukudla okuyinhloko kwezinyoni ezinkulu nezilwane ezincelisayo.
Ukudla kukaLemming Vinogradov.
Izindwangu zikaVinogradov zihlala emakoloni amancane. Izingxenye ezingaphezulu komhlaba zivelele ekudleni, ukudla okuyinhloko izihlahlana, izitshalo ezahlukahlukene ezinama-herbaceous, ikakhulukazi okusanhlamvu. Izinduku zigcina ukudla ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi ziphinde zivuseleleke ngo-Agasti. Inani eliphakeme lokuphakelayo okuvunwayo lifinyelela kubunzima obungamakhilogremu ayishumi. Kwigundane elincane, lesi yisibalo esihle kakhulu.
Izici zokuziphatha kwe-Vinogradov lemming.
Izindwangu zikaVinogradov zakha izindima eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingaphansi komhlaba ezihlanganisa indawo engaba ngu-30 m2 ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigoqo inezindawo zokungena ezingafika kwezingama-30, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwala magundane angavamile. Amapaseji angaphansi komhlaba asezingeni elifanayo, cishe amasentimitha angama-25 ukusuka phezulu, kepha amanye amavesi acwila ekujuleni okungaba ngamasentimitha angama-50.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-lemming kaVinogradov
Iziphungumangathi zikaVinogradov zizalisana phakathi nesikhathi sehlobo futhi zizala ebusika, ngaphansi kweqhwa. Insikazi ithwala amawundlu izinsuku eziyi-16-30.
Insikazi inikeza amalitha ayi-1-2 ehlobo ngalinye, futhi ngesikhathi seqhwa kuze kufike ku-5-6 litters.
Ehlobo kuvamise ukuthi kube neziphungumangathi ezincane ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisihlanu emndenini, bese kuthi ngo-3-4 ebusika. Amagundane amancane azalwa ehlobo akazali ehlobo. Izinga lokukhula kwamaphuphu amancane kuncike kakhulu esigabeni somjikelezo wabantu. Amagundane akhula ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka futhi ahamba kancane ngesikhathi sezintaba. Ama-lemmings amancane azimela cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ubudala. Ngokushesha ziyakwazi ukuzala izingane. Amagundane ahlala emvelweni izinyanga ezimbalwa, aze afike eminyakeni eyi-1-2.
Inani lemamming kaVinogradov.
Ukusatshalaliswa kukaVinogradov kunokusatshalaliswa okulinganiselwe, futhi inani labantu liguquguquka kakhulu, yize lokhu kwehla kuyindlela ejwayelekile yomjikelezo wempilo yemvelo. Kunobunye ubufakazi bokuthi imijikelezo yokuphila kwamagundane ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zesiqhingi ayifani. Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyingozi enkulu ezinhlotsheni, ngoba ukwehla kwesilinganiso se-lemming kuncike esakhiweni se-icing kule ndawo ebusika. Kodwa-ke, imininingwane ngezinsongo nemvelo yamagundane angavamile yanele. Njengamanje, ulwelwesi lukaVinogradov luluhlu lwezilwane ezisesigabeni “sezinhlobo ezisengozini”. Lezi zinhlobo zithola ukuqhuma okuqhubekayo kokukhula kwabantu. Amandla wale nqubo afundwa ngabaphenyi abahlukahlukene kusuka ngo-1964 kuya ku-1998. Ngalesi sikhathi, inani eliphakeme lokuqubuka kwabantu lavela ngo-1966, 1970, 1981, 1984 nango-1994.
Phakathi kwezikhathi zokwehla kwenani labantu kanye nokwanda kwenani lezilwane, inani lezilwane lihluka izikhathi ezingama-250-350.
Njengomthetho, ukukhuphuka noma ukuwa kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, futhi ngemuva kokuncipha kwabantu, ukwanda kancane kancane kwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngo-1986, umjikelezo ojwayelekile uye waphazamiseka. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, inani lamagundane belisesigabeni sokucindezeleka futhi inani eliphakeme lokuzala ngo-1994 lalilincane. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40 yocwaningo, imijikelezo yempilo yamapulangwe kaVinogradov inyukile isuka eminyakeni emihlanu iye kweyisishiyagalombili. Inani lamapulangwe e-Wrangel Island athinteka ukuqhwa komoya ebusika, okungabambezela ukugqashuka isikhathi eside.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwelimamu likaVinogradov.
Izilimo zikaVinogradov zisengozini ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwazo okulinganiselwe kanye nokwehla okuqaphelekayo kwabantu. Inani labantu liyashintsha minyaka yonke. Insimu ye-Wrangel Island iyindawo evikelekile. Ukulimaza kweVinogradov kunesimo sokongiwa kwe-DD (idatha enganele), kepha ingabekwa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezisongelwa nezisengozini kakhulu.
Izindwangu zikaVinogradov zizwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu okuye kwabonwa eWrangel Island kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990. Ubusika bokugcina obufudumele, obulandelwa uqweqwe lukashukela, buthinta ukuzalaniswa kwamagundane ngoba ukuzala kubonakala kuncike ezimeni eziqinile zasebusika.
Ukulondolozwa kolamula kukaVinogradov.
Ukulimaza kukaVinogradov kuvikelwe eWrangel Island State Reserve. Le rodent ingeyezinhlobo ezingemuva ezindaweni eziphila ngokuthula e-Wrangel Island. Lokhu kufaka izinhlobo ezintathu zomdabu ezijwayelekile - impungushe yase-arctic (Alopex lagopus) nezinhlobo ezimbili zezimila. Lesi siqiwu sihlala ezinhlotsheni ezimbili zeziqhingi ezikhona - i-lemming yaseSiberia (Lemmus sibiricus portenkoi Tch.) Kanye ne-Vinogradov lemming (Dicrostonyx vinogradovi Ognev). Zinokungafani okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa abantu bendawo kusuka kubantu bezwekazi ngezici zokuziphatha nezofuzo.
