Amagundane ayizinhlobo ezimelwe ngamagundane omndeni wegundane, futhi afaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi nesithupha. Amagundane anjalo esigabeni seMammals abaluleke kakhulu empilweni yomuntu, avame ukugcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo zokuhlobisa, futhi asetshenziswa nasekuhlolweni kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nocwaningo lwezokwelapha oluhlukahlukene.
Incazelo yamagundane
Abamele i-suborder-like-mouse yizilwane ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni wethu.... Amagundane anokuhluka okuphawulekayo kusuka kumagundane ekuziphatheni nasekubonakaleni. Zinkulu ngosayizi, zinemisipha futhi ziyajiya ngokomthethosisekelo, zinomlomo ohlangane obonakalayo nekhala elihlangene. Amehlo egundane mancane.
Ezibonakalisweni zokuqala zengozi, amagundane omndeni wamaMouse akhipha ngenkuthalo uketshezi olunephunga elinamandla, ngenxa yalokho amanye amalungu ohlobo lwalezo zixwayiso. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwesakhiwo somzimba wabo, bayakwazi ukungena kalula emigodini emincane kakhulu, ububanzi bayo abudluli ikota yesibalo segundane uqobo.
Ukubukeka
Amagundane anomzimba ovundlile, okuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu sengxenye ebalulekile yamagundane, kanye nomthethosisekelo ovuthiwe. Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala buhluka kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-30 cm, futhi isisindo segundane singaba kusuka ku-38 g kuye ku-500 g. Okunye, kwesinye isikhathi umehluko ophawuleka kakhulu wangaphandle uncike kuzimpawu zezinhlobo nokuhlala kwendawo yegundane elincelisayo.
Isifonyo segundane sinwetshiwe futhi sikhombe ngamehlo nezindlebe ezincane. Umsila wezinhlobo eziningi ezikhona namuhla ucishe unqunu ngokuphelele, umbozwe izikali nezinwele ezimbalwa. Igundane elimnyama libonakala ngokuba khona kwejazi eliwugqinsi emsileni. Ubude bomsila bulingana nobukhulu bomzimba futhi buvame ukubedlula, kepha kukhona futhi okuthiwa amagundane anemisila emifushane.
Emhlathini wegundane elincelisayo, kunamabili ama-incisors ahlukanisiwe ngokusobala. Ama-molars abonakala ngokuhlelwa okuminyene kwemigqa, ngenxa yokuthi kukhona ukugaya okusheshayo nokusebenzayo kokudla. Phakathi kwama-molars kanye nama-incisors, kukhona i-diastema, emelwe yindawo yomhlathi ngaphandle kwamazinyo. Ngaphandle kokuthi amagundane anjalo asesigabeni sama-omnivores, ahlukaniswa nabamele izilwane ezidla ezinye ngokungabikho ngokuphelele kwezinyo.
Ama-incisors wesilwane adinga ukugaywa njalo, okuvumela igundane ukuthi livale umlomo walo ngokugcwele. Lesi sici singenxa yokungabikho kwezimpande, kanye nokukhula okuqhubekayo nokusebenzayo kwama-incisors. Ingxenye engaphambili yama-incisors imbozwe ngoqweqwe lwawo oluqinile, futhi ebusweni bangemuva alukho ungqimba loqweqwe lwawo, ngenxa yalokho ukugaya kwama-incisors kwenzeka ngokungalingani, ngakho-ke amazinyo athola isimo se-chisel. Impela wonke amazinyo aqine ngendlela eyisimanga futhi angadla kalula ukhonkolo nezitini, ama-alloys nanoma yiziphi izinsimbi ezilukhuni, kodwa ekuqaleni ngokwemvelo zazenzelwe ukudla kuphela imvelaphi yezitshalo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ijazi lamagundane liminyene futhi liwugqinsi ngenxa yezinwele zokuqapha ezichazwe kahle. Umbala woboya ungaba nsundu ngokumpunga noma ube mpunga onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi ubukhona bamabala abomvu, awolintshi naphuzi.
Amagundane anama-calluses angakhulanga kahle ezidladleni zawo, okudingeka ukuthi amagundane akhuphuke ngokushesha izindawo ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kusilela kokusebenza kunxeshezelwa kahle ngeminwe eqinile kakhulu futhi ephathekayo. Kungenxa yalesi sici ukuthi amagundane ahola impilo yasemhlabeni kanye nenkuni, ayakwazi ukugibela izihlahla futhi ahlomise izidleke emigodini emikhulu eshiywe ngokwanele yezinye izilwane noma izinyoni.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Amagundane ngokwemvelo ayashesha ngendlela emangalisayo futhi ayizilwane eziqinile kakhulu.... Zigijima kahle, futhi lapho kutholakala ingozi ziyakwazi ukufinyelela kalula isivinini esifinyelela ku-10 km / h futhi zinqobe izithiyo eziphakeme ngamamitha. Ukuzivocavoca nsuku zonke kwalabo abamele i-suborder yegundane elifana nalokho, njengomthetho, kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-15-17 km. Amagundane akwazi ukubhukuda nokuntywila kahle kakhulu, ayakwazi ukubamba izinhlanzi ezingosayizi abakhulu kakhulu futhi angahlala emanzini isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu ngaphandle kokulimala empilweni noma empilweni.
Amagundane asebenzisa izimbobo ezibiwe noma ezishiywe ezinye izilwane njengesiphephelo, kanye nezindawo zemvelo nezokufakelwa, izidleke zezinyoni ezahlukahlukene. Amagundane akwazi ukuhlala ngawodwana futhi akha imiphakathi yendawo enezinombolo ezahlukahlukene zabantu noma zamaqembu emindeni. Ngaphakathi kololoni olulodwa, oluvame ukuba nabantu abangamakhulu amaningana, isigaba sabaphathi esiyinkimbinkimbi sakhiwa lapho kukhona owesilisa ovelele, kanye nabesifazane abaningana ababusayo. Insimu ngayinye yeqembu ngalinye ingafinyelela kumamitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane ezimbili.
Umbono wegundane awuthuthukisiwe kahle futhi wehlukile nge-engeli encane yokubuka engekho ngaphezu kwama-degree ayi-16. Ngalesi sizathu, isilwane siphoqeleka ukuthi sicishe sijike ikhanda laso ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Umhlaba ozungezile ngamagundane anjalo ubonwa kuphela ngamathoni ampunga, futhi ubumnyama obuqinile kubo bumele obomvu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umuzwa wokuhogela nokuzwa kwabamele uhlobo lwegundane lweRat usebenza kahle, ngakho-ke, lezi zilwane zingabona imisindo kalula ngemvamisa engaphakathi kwama-40 kHz.
Izinduku ziyakwazi ukuthwebula iphunga ebangeni elifushane, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, amagundane angakubekezelela ngokuphelele ukuvezwa ngemisebe okufika kuma-300 roentgens / ngehora ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Mangaki amagundane ahlala
Isikhathi esiphelele sokuphila kwamagundane ezimweni zemvelo ngqo sincike kuzici zezinhlobo. Isibonelo, amagundane ampunga angaphila unyaka owodwa nohhafu, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zaphila iminyaka emibili noma emithathu ubudala.
Isikhathi sokuphila samagundane amnyama angavamile, njengomthetho, asidluli unyaka owodwa. Ezimweni zaselabhorethri, amagundane angaphila cishe cishe kabili kunokude. IGuinness Book of Records iqukethe idatha kumagundane amadala akwazile ukuhlala iminyaka eyisikhombisa nezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Ngonyaka owodwa nohhafu, izitho zangasese ekugcineni zakhiwa ngamagundane, ngakho-ke, ukuthola ubulili begundane labantu abadala, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela ukwakheka kwesitho sangasese sesilwane.
Umehluko phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa:
- isici esikhulu sokuhlukanisa owesilisa omdala ukuba khona kwamasende amakhulu kakhulu, abonakala ngokusobala lapho kuphakanyiswa umsila wesilwane;
- insikazi ibonakala ngemigqa emibili yezingono esiswini;
- ubulili begundane bunganqunywa kalula ngebanga eliphakathi kwendunu nomchamo;
- abesifazane bancane kancane kunabesilisa futhi banomzimba onamandla nonamandla;
- abesifazane bahlukaniswa ngomzimba onobuhle oblong, futhi abesilisa banomzimba omise okwepheya;
- kwabesifazane, uboya bushelelezi, bu-silky futhi buthambile, futhi abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngejazi eliqinile futhi eliqinile;
- abesifazane banolaka ngokwengeziwe, ngenxa yokuvikelwa kwenzalo yabo;
- kwabesilisa, umchamo ubonakala ngephunga elibukhali nelingemnandi ngokwengeziwe.
Kunzima kakhulu ukucacisa ubulili bezinsikazi zamagundane ezisanda kuzalwa, ikakhulukazi uma igundane lingaphansi kwezinsuku ezinhlanu ubudala. Njengomthetho, abesilisa abasanda kuzalwa banamabala amnyama amancane atholakala phakathi kwendunu nezitho zangasese. Njengoba zikhula, amasende akha indawo yamabala anjalo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amagundane amabili eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu yokuphila azala ama-cubs afinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziyisithupha, okuthi, lapho esefinyelele ekuvuthweni ngokocansi, futhi akhiqize ngenkuthalo enkulu.
Izinhlobo zikamagundane
Uhlobo lwegundane lumelwe yizinhlobo eziyishumi nambili, ezihlukaniswe ngamaqembu. Ezinye izinhlobo namuhla zingezilwane ezingasekho esikhathini esingokomlando.
Buka amaqembu:
- UNorvegicus;
- URattus;
- IXanthurus;
- ILeucopus;
- Ama-Fuscipes.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zanamuhla ezihlobene noGundane lohlobo:
- Igundane elimpunga, noma Pasyuk (Rattus norvegicus) iyinhlobo enkulu kunazo zonke etholakala kakhulu eRussia. Izinhlobo ezifakwe ngephutha iyi-synanthropus yangempela. Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba womuntu omdala siyi-18-25 cm nesisindo esingu-150-400 g. Umsila mfushane kunomzimba. Isifonyo esibanzi sinokuphela okuthe nhlo. Ama-specimens amancane ambozwe ngoboya obumpunga, kanti ama-specimens amadala anomthunzi obomvu obonakalayo wohlobo lwe-agouti. Izinwele zangaphandle ziyacwebezela futhi zinde. Esiswini, izinwele ezimhlophe zinesisekelo esimnyama;
- Igundane elimnyama (Rattus rattus) - ingaphansi ngosayizi wegundane elimpunga futhi inesifonyo esincane, izindlebe ezinkulu eziyindilinga, umsila omude. Ubungako begundane elimnyama omdala buyahlukahluka phakathi kobubanzi obungu-16-22 cm ngesisindo somzimba esingu-130-300 g. Umsila umbozwe ngoboya obukhulu. Umbala wejazi uvame ukumelwa ngumhlane onsundu omnyama onombala oluhlaza okotshani, isisu esimpunga esimnyama noma esinomlotha nezinhlangothi ezilula ngokuqhathaniswa. Abanye abantu bayafana ngombala wegundane elimpunga, kepha ngomhlane okhanyayo, ophuzi;
- Igundane elincane (Rattus exulans) - wuhlobo lwesithathu lwamagundane olusakazeke kakhulu emhlabeni. Umehluko omkhulu kusuka kuma-congeners umelwe osayizi abakhulu kakhulu bomzimba. Ubude obumaphakathi bufinyelela ku-11.5-15.0 cm ngobunzima obungu-40-80 g. Lolu hlobo lunomzimba ohlangene, ofushanisiwe, isifonyo esibukhali, izindlebe ezinkulu nejazi elinsundu;
- Igundane elinezinwele ezinde (Rattus villosissimus) igundane elinezinwele ezinde ezinesilinganiso esiphakeme sokuzala. Owesilisa ovuthiwe ngokocansi uvame ukuba nobude bomzimba kububanzi obungu-185-187 mm nobude bomsila obungu-140-150 mm. Ubude bomzimba wowesifazane omdala bucishe bube yi-165-167 mm, futhi ubude bomsila abudluli ku-140-141 mm. Isisindo somzimba wesilisa esingu-155-156 g, leso sowesifazane singu-110-112 g;
- Igundane laseKinabuli (Rattus baluensis) - iyinhlobo eyingqayizivele ehambisana nezidliwayo zezitshalo ezishisayo iNepentes Raja. Ummeleli omkhulu kunazo zonke odla izimbali uheha amagundane ngokukhipha uketshezi olumnandi, futhi amagundane anikezela lesi sitshalo ngendle yaso;
- Igundane laseTurkestan (URattus pyctoris) ungumhlali ojwayelekile e-Afghanistan, Nepal, China, India, Pakistan nase-Iran, Uzbekistan naseKyrgyzstan. Ubude obumaphakathi bomuntu omdala buyahlukahluka phakathi kuka-17-23 cm, nobude bomsila obungu-16.5-21.5 cm.Isifunda se-dorsal sinombala onsundu ngokubomvu, kanti isisu simbozwe ngoboya obumhlophe ngokuphuzi;
- Igundane elinesiliva (I-Rattus argentiventer) iyinhlobo ejwayelekile, enengubo e-ocher-brown enezinwele ezimbalwa ezimnyama. Indawo yesisu inombala ompunga, izinhlangothi zikhanya ngokukhanyayo, futhi umsila unombala onsundu. Ubude besilinganiso somuntu omdala ngu-30-40 cm, nobude bomsila obungu-14-20 cm nesisindo esingu-97-219 g;
- Unogwaja ufinyile, noma Igundane elinomsila omnyama (I-Conilurus penicillatus) igundane elilinganiselwe elinobude bomzimba obungu-15-22 cm nobude obungu-180-190 g. Umsila uvame ukuba mude kunomzimba, ufinyelela ku-21-23 cm. Kukhona inqwaba yezinwele ekugcineni komsila. Umbala wangemuva ubuswa yimithunzi e-grey-brown ehlanganiswe nezinwele ezimnyama. Isisu nemilenze yangemuva kumhlophe kancane. Ibhantshi alisindi kakhulu futhi liqinile;
- Igundane elinezinwele ezithambile (UMillardia meltada) uyisakhamuzi esijwayelekile eNepal, India naseSri Lanka, eBangladesh naseMpumalanga yePakistan. Ubude bomzimba wegundane labantu abadala buyahluka phakathi kuka-80-200 mm, nobude bomsila obungu-68-185 mm. Ijazi le-rodent lithambile futhi lisilika, limnyama ngokumpunga ngemuva, limhlophe esiswini. Umsila ongaphezulu umpunga ngombala.
- Igundane Elishukiwe (Rattus adustus) - okuwukuphela kohlobo olumele futhi oluhlukile olutholwe eminyakeni engaphezu kwengama-70 edlule. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, le nduku ibizwa ngegama lombala wokuqala wejazi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amagundane axhumana nomunye esebenzisa i-ultrasound, futhi inhliziyo yesigundane esinjalo sishaya ngemvamisa yama-beats angama-300-500 ngomzuzu.
Indawo yokuhlala
Amagundane, amele kabanzi emndenini weMouse, avele njengezilwane kudala ngaphambi kwabantu. Abamele uhlobo oluningi lweRat bahlala cishe yonke indawo. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zitholakala endaweni yaseYurophu, zihlala emazweni ase-Asia, eNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika, zihlala e-Oceania nase-Australia, eNew Guinea naseziqhingini zaseMalay Archipelago.
Kodwa-ke, amagundane anjalo awakwazi ukubonwa ngobuningi ezifundeni ezijikelezayo nezisezindaweni eziphakeme. Ensimini yeRussia emaphakathi, kutholakala izinhlobo ezimbalwa zamagundane: ezimpunga nokumnyama. Uma kunesidingo, kungakapheli usuku, igundane labantu abadala likwazi ukunqoba ibanga elikhulu nje, lifinyelele kumakhilomitha angamashumi amahlanu.
Igundane liyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokuphila ezinzima kakhulu, ezingabekezeleleki, ngakho-ke zingatholakala ngisho naseziteshini zesayensi ezilahliwe e-Antarctica.
Ukudla kwegundane
Amagundane asesigabeni samagundane omnivorous, kepha ukudla kohlobo ngalunye kuxhomeke ngqo kuzici zendawo yokuhlala, kanye nendlela yokuphila. Isilinganiso ngasinye, ngokwesilinganiso, sidla ukukhiya okungu-20-25 g kokuphakelwa ngosuku, kepha indlala inzima kakhulu kumagundane, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu zesiteleka sendlala, isilwane, njengokujwayelekile, siyafa. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi kuthinta amagundane kakhulu, futhi inani loketshezi kufanele libe cishe ngama-25-35 ml ngosuku.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amagundane ampunga aguqulwa ngokomzimba ukuze adle ukudla okunenqwaba yamaprotheni, ngakho-ke, amagundane anjalo adinga ukudla okuvela ezilwaneni. Kodwa-ke, amagundane ampunga cishe awalokothi akugcine ukudla. Ukudla kwansuku zonke kwamagundane amnyama kuvezwa ikakhulukazi ukudla kwezitshalo:
- amantongomane;
- ama-chestnut;
- okusanhlamvu;
- izithelo ezahlukahlukene;
- uhlaza lwesitshalo oluhlaza.
Eduze kwendawo yokuhlala abantu, amagundane ayakwazi ukondla kunoma yikuphi ukudla okutholakalayo. Amagundane ahlala kude nabantu adla amagundane amancane, ama-molluscs nama-amphibian, kufaka phakathi amaxoxo, amasele, nezinsizwa, futhi adla namaqanda ezinyoni noma amachwane. Abahlali bezindawo ezisogwini badla udoti, abamele izilwane nezitshalo eziphila emanzini baphonswa ogwini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngisho negundane elilambe kakhulu alidluli ngokweqile. Amagundane anjalo anomqondo othuthukile wokusutha.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Amagundane anoma yiluphi uhlobo akhiqiza ngokuzikhandla futhi kalula. Amagundane anjalo afinyelela masinyane eminyakeni yobudala bokuthomba, bese achamisela inzalo yawo isikhathi esifushane. Kwowesifazane ovuthiwe, i-estrus yenzeka njalo ezinsukwini ezinhlanu unyaka wonke, ngaphandle kwesigaba sokukhulelwa.
Owesifazane ngamunye osekhulile uyakwazi ukuzala izingane ezingaphezu kwamashumi amane kungakapheli unyaka owodwa. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kubamele i-oda le-Rodents nomndeni weMouse sihlala ezinsukwini ezingama-21-23. Lapho nginonyaka owodwa nohhafu, abesifazane ngokwemvelo basondela esigabeni sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, ngakho-ke umjikelezo uqala ngokungahambi kahle, bese ume ngokuphelele.
Masinyane ngaphambi kokuqala kokubeletha, umama okhulelwe uqala ukulungiselela isidleke sezingane zakhe. Indawo ekhethwe ngaphambilini ifakwe ngotshani obuthambile. Imvamisa umbe umgodi omusha, owesifazane othuthuka ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile. Kunezimo lapho isidleke esilungisiwe siqukethe ukudla okunganikeza ukudla kowesifazane izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kokubeletha.
Ngokuya ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo zegundane, inani eliphelele lamawundlu azalwe kudoti owodwa lingahluka kubantu abayisishiyagalombili kuye kwabayishumi nanhlanu. Amagundane ezingane azalwa enqunu ngokuphelele futhi eyimpumputhe, anemisele evaliwe ngokuphelele kanye nohlelo lwe-thermoregulation olungaphelele.
Amazinyane egundane asanda kuzalwa akakwazi ngokuphelele ukuzikhipha ngokuzimela noma yikuphi ukudla okucutshunguliwe emizimbeni yabo, ngakho-ke insikazi kufanele ikhothe izisu njalo nabo. Le nqubo isebenza kahle kakhulu uhla oluphelele lwezinqubo ze-metabolic. Amankonyane adla ubisi, okuqukethwe kwawo okunamafutha okufinyelela ku-9%. I-cannibalism ivezwa phakathi kwamagundane, ngakho-ke umama uhlala eshwabadela izingane ezifile noma ezingenakudleka ngokuphelele, futhi obaba abanganaki bavame ukubhubhisa yonke inzalo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amagundane asekhaya (Rattus norvegicus) ayakwazi ukukhwelana ngisho namagundane amnyama (Rattus rattus), kepha amazinyane awasindi, futhi kuvame ukuba nezimo zokwaliwa okuphelele kwemibungu ngumzimba womama noma ukuzalwa kwenzalo efile.
Esikhathini esifushane, imizimba yamantshontsho imbozwe ngoboya, futhi cishe isonto ngemuva kokuzalwa, amehlo nezindlebe zamawundlu kuyavuleka. Ama-incisors okuqala ezinganeni avele ngosuku lwesishiyagalolunye. Amawundlu anamasonto amathathu ubudala angazungeza futhi ahlole le ndawo kahle eyedwa. Amantshontsho egundane anyanga zonke asevele elungele ngokuphelele impilo ezimele, kepha aneminyaka eyishumi nambili kuphela ubudala lapho enosayizi womuntu omdala ngokuphelele.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha zemvelo zamagundane yizinja ezifuywayo nezasendle namakati, ama-ferrets, izimpungushe, izingulube, ama-hedgehogs, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni, kufaka phakathi isikhova, isikhova, ukhozi, uklebe, ikhayithi nezinye izinyoni ezinkulu ezidlayo. Kwamanye amazwe kudliwa amagundane.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, uhla lokusatshalaliswa kwegundane elimnyama lehle kakhulu futhi lahlukana kakhulu. Kukholakala ukuthi inani lamagundane amnyama lithathelwa indawo nguPasuk okhulayo futhi oqinile. Kodwa-ke, inani lamagundane asendle alidluli inani labantu, njengoba kunezici eziningi ezibaluleke kakhulu nezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezigcina inani lamagundane lilawulwa ngokuqinile.
Abahloli bokulawulwa kwamagundane, inani eliphelele lezilwane ezinjalo lincishiswe ngokuphawulekayo ngokuntuleka kokudla nendawo yokuhlala. Phakathi kokunye, izinga labantu lilawulwa yizifo nezinye izidalwa.
Izinhlobo eziningi zamagundane okwamanje azikho engcupheni. Isigaba sezinhlobo ezingavamile futhi ezivikelekile sifaka igundane lamanzi Amanga (Xeromys myoides Thomas). Ukwehla kwesibalo salesi silwane esingajwayelekile futhi esingafundiswanga kahle kungaxhomeka ekwakhiweni kwendawo yokuhlala yamagundane eyinhloko ngabantu.
Igundane laseHousebuilder lingelesigaba sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Lezi zinhlobo ezingavamile ezihlala endaweni elinganiselwe impela zimelwe ngabantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbili abahlala eFranklin Island. Kukholakala ukuthi ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi minyaka yonke nemililo kungadala ukwehla kwenani lamagundane e-kangaroo, elathola igama lawo elingavamile kuphela kumagundane e-kangaroo musk.
Ingozi kubantu
Isintu besilokhu silwa impi yaso namagundane isikhathi eside kakhulu, futhi umzabalazo onjalo uze wakwazi ukuthola igama elikhethekile - ukwehliswa. Noma kunjalo, empumalanga, amagundane akhombisa ukuhlakanipha nengcebo, ukuzala nokuchuma, ngakho-ke isithombe samagundane emazweni anjalo sihle. Ezindaweni ezisentshonalanga, abamele abomndeni wakwaMouse baphathwa ngokunengeka nangokuqapha okuthile. Ukwakha isithombe esingesihle ngokwedlulele, kwakwanele ukuthi abantu bakhumbule izifo eziwumshayabhuqe eziningana ezihlobene nomphathi we-pathogen - igundane.
Kuyathakazelisa!Amagundane eSynanthropic adala umonakalo omkhulu kwezomnotho. Ukulahleka okuphawulekayo kungumphumela wokudla nokonakalisa ukudla kanye nemikhiqizo engeyona eyokudla, ukulimala kumanethiwekhi kagesi, okudala imililo eminingi.
Futhi, ezinye izinhlobo zamagundane zidala umonakalo omkhulu emisebenzini yezolimo. Amagundane avame ukudla izitshalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izindlela ezahlukahlukene zomzabalazo sezenziwe futhi ziyaqhubeka ukwenziwa, kufaka phakathi ukwethuka nokubhujiswa. Amagundane njengamanje angesinye sezindawo zokugcina eziyingozi zezifo eziningi ze-anthropozoonotic kanye ne-zoonotic.
Amagundane anjalo athwala ama-causative agents we-tularemia, isifo, amarabi, i-toxoplasmosis, typhus, leptospirosis, kanye ne-rickettsioses, isodoku nezinye izifo eziningi eziyingozi kubantu nasezilwaneni ezifuywayo. Ngokungaqondakali kubantu, abamele umndeni wakwaMouse bayakwazi ukungena emakhoneni afihlwe kakhulu endlu yomuntu, basebenzise le nhloso amapayipi okuhambisa indle kanye nomoya wokungenisa umoya.
Kuyamukelwa ngokujwayelekile ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukubhubhisa noma imaphi amagundane, kufaka phakathi amagundane, amaphesenti ayikhulu.... Kwikota yekhulu leminyaka eyedlule, kwethulwe izindlela ezisemqoka zokwehliswa, futhi amaphesenti afanelekile wezindawo akhululwe kumagundane akhonjisiwe:
- 80% - imiphumela egculisayo;
- 90% - umphumela muhle;
- 95% - umphumela muhle kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, inhloso enkulu yokwehliswa ukusungula nokugcina izinkomba zekhwalithi ezingeni elivumelekile lenani lamagundane, lapho kungeke kube khona izikhalazo kubantu.
