Idada laseBashkir lingelesigaba senkukhu sohlobo lwenyama yamaqanda futhi njengamanje sithathwa njengenye yezinhlobo eziphumelela kakhulu kule ndlela. Abazalisi baseBashkiria abazalisanga lolu hlobo ngqo, futhi yonke inqubo yokubukeka kwayo yayisuselwa ekukhetheni kwamadada aguqukayo ohlobo lwePeking, ngakho-ke umphumela owatholwa wawungengozi.
Incazelo yedada leBashkir
Idada leBashkir linesifuba esivelele phambili, umzimba oqinile nonemisipha, imilenze emikhulu futhi enezikhala eziningi, imilenze emifushane... Ikhanda licwecwe ngokusobala ngaphezulu. Indawo yentamo ifushane, i-concave, igobile ngaphandle. Umlomo wenyoni ugobile futhi ubanzi, ngokuba khona kwamapuleti abhalwe ngokugqamile kanye no "marigold" obanzi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi intamo yedada emifushane inenani elikhulu lama-vertebrae, ngisho nokuqhathaniswa nesilwane esinentamo ende njengendlulamithi.
Ukukhula okungajwayelekile emlomeni kusetshenziswa idada ukubamba kalula utshani obukhulayo. Izimpiko zedada leBashkir zihlukaniswa ngokulingana komzimba. Lolu hlobo, kanye nezinye izinyoni ezindizayo, lubonakala ngokuba khona kwe-keel ethuthuke kahle futhi ende.
Ukubukeka
Isici sokuqala esenza sikwazi ukuhlukanisa idada leBashkir kunenani eliphelele lezinyoni ngenkathi kukhethwa kwaba yimpaphe eyinqaba. Umbala wophaphe wabamele lolu hlobo lusondele ngangokunokwenzeka kusici sombala sabantu abahlala endle. Ngenxa yezimpaphe ezinsundu, ngisho nomuntu ojwayelekile angakwazi ukucacisa kalula ubulili bamadada amadada. Uphaphe luthatha umthunzi okhanyayo ukusuka emuva kuye esiswini, futhi umbala ogqamile we-orange uyisici somlomo nemilenze.
Njengamanje, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinemibala nemhlophe yedada leBashkir:
- Izinhlobonhlobo ezimhlophe zinethoni emhlophe evelele kuzimpaphe. Ngonyaka wezinyanga ezimbili, inyoni enjalo ifinyelela isisindo esiphilayo esingu-3.5 kg futhi ayifuni kangako enanini lokuphakelayo;
- Izinhlobonhlobo ezimpunga zihlukaniswa ngombala ompunga ompunga noma ojulile futhi lapho unezinyanga ezimbili unesisindo esingu-3.4-3.6 kg;
- Izinhlobonhlobo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zibonakala ngokubukeka okuhle kakhulu, kepha lapho zinamasonto ayisishiyagalombili zifinyelela kwisisindo esingeqile ku-3.0 kg.
Kulokhu, izici ze-dimorphism yezocansi zibonakala kahle kuzo zonke izinhlobo. AmaDrake ahlukaniswa ngombala ogqamile, okuthi kubantu abanyanga zonke ngokuthe ngcembe bazuze umbala omnyama-mpunga, ikakhulukazi esifundeni sentamo engenhla, ikhanda nomsila. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ama-drake awazi ukuthi angasebenza kanjani angasebenzi nhlobo. Izidladla zedada azinakho ukuphela kwezinzwa nemithambo yegazi, ngenxa yokuthi izinkukhu ezinjalo zikwazi ukuhamba ngokuthula, kokubili endaweni efudumele, naseqhweni noma eqhweni.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Isimo sokuzola nokuziphatha kwabamele uhlobo lweBashkir duck luvumela ukufezekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu ngokwesisindo nokuzinza kwezinga lokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda, ngaphandle kwezimo ezikhulayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngobumnene bayo, idada leBashkir liyinyoni ezolile futhi enobungani obuhle ehambisana kahle nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo futhi ijwayele abanikazi bayo ngokushesha.
Ezithangamini eziningi zasekhaya nezaphesheya zabanikazi bezinkukhu ezinjalo, imiphumela emihle ikhonjiswa ngokukhula emapulazini angasese, kanye nasezimeni zamakhorali wendabuko, ikheji futhi kuhlanganiswe nokudla okuvamile.
Ukudla kwedada leBashkir
Isici sawo wonke amadada, kufaka phakathi uhlobo lweBashkir, ukuba khona kwamathumbu amafushane kakhulu... Lokhu kuchaza isidingo sokunaka ukusetshenziswa kokudla okukhethekile nokunamathela ngokuqinile kwinani lokuphakelayo. Ukudla okujwayelekile kwabameleli bohlobo, okuhloswe ngalo ukwakheka komzimba okulungile, kubandakanya ukufaka okuphakelayo ezingxenyeni ezincane, okunemikhiqizo eminingi egxile kahle emzimbeni wenkukhu ekhula ngokushesha.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izindlela zokudla nsuku zonke zokufuya izinkukhu ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zokukhula ziyahlukahluka kakhulu futhi zikhethwa ngokuqinile ngakunye, ngokuya ngezidingo nezici zeminyaka.
Ukudla kwamadada
Ezinsukwini zokuqala, amadada kufanele ondliwe ngamaqanda abilisiwe, futhi isitsha sokuphuza kufanele sigcwaliswe ngesisombululo esibomvana esibomvana se-potassium permanganate. Intsha yohlobo lwamadada iBashkir ayinasizotha ekudleni, ngakho-ke ingasebenzisa imikhiqizo esetshenziselwa ukondla abantu abadala.
Ilungele ukondla amadada:
- donsa izitshalo ezahlukahlukene;
- isidlo esezingeni eliphakeme lesoya;
- ufulawa wamakhambi;
- isidlo sethambo nenhlanzi;
- imvubelo yokuphakelayo esezingeni eliphakeme;
- Imifino eshisiwe njengama-dandelions, i-alfalfa, nezimbabazane
- udoti osezingeni lokudla;
- izaqathe ezigayiwe, amazambane abilisiwe.
Njengoba amadada akhula futhi akhula ekudleni, kubalulekile ukukhulisa kancane kancane inani lokudla okuluhlaza. Isidingo esikhulu sanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphakelayo yikhwalithi yayo enhle nokusha. Okubaluleke kakhulu ehlobo kunikezwa imifino ye-dandelion, i-clover ne-alfalfa, okusanhlamvu okuqala ukuqhakaza, izimbabazane ezingaphekiwe, kanye namaqabunga eklabishi, isanqante noma iziqongo zebhitrudi.
Ukusetshenziswa kokudla okunamakhasi, okubolile, oku-rancid nokumuncu ekudleni kwamadada kuyimbangela enkulu yokuthuthukiswa kwezifo zamathumbu nezifo ezithathelwanayo ezingadala inani elikhulu lokufa kwezinkukhu. Ukwehlisa inani lokufa kwenani lesitoko esencane, kunconywa ukuthi kunqunywe izilinganiso zokudla ezomile namanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile.
Lapho ukhetha ukudla okuhlanganisiwe okwenziwe ngomumo kwamadada, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka ukwakheka kwawo, inani lamavithamini, amaminerali, kanye nezinto eziyisisekelo zokulandela umkhondo, ukungabi bikho kwazo okudala ukubuthaka kwamathambo enyoni noma ukuwa kwayo ezinyaweni. Isibonelo, inani elanele lama-amino acid aqukethe isulfure kaningi liba yisizathu esiyinhloko sokulahleka okusheshayo kwezimpaphe ezilwaneni ezisencane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Uma amazambane abilisiwe engezwa kokuphakelayo, ukuze uvikele ubuthi be-solanine benyoni, kubalulekile ukukhipha amanzi lapho kubiliswe khona isivuno semifino.
Cishe ezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala, ukusebenza kwendlala ye-coccygeal kuzinze ngokuphelele kudada lomfana waseBashkir, ngakho-ke, inkukhu ekhulisiwe enjalo ingakhishwa ngokukhululekile echibini lemvelo noma elenzelwe. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kubalulekile ukwengeza amatshe ahlanzekile, hhayi amabi kakhulu, kokuphakelayo noma ukuwuthululela esitsheni esihlukile.... Ngenyoni efinyelele emasontweni amathathu ubudala, imfucuza yokudla eqoshiwe ingasetshenziselwa ukwehluka ekudleni kwayo.
Ukudla kwamadada amadala
Isabelo sokuphakelwa kwedada elidala laseBashkir kufanele sikhethwe kucatshangelwa ubudala nesimo esivamile, kepha okuyinhloko okusetshenziselwa ukondla izinkukhu ezinjalo yilezi:
- i-silage ngendlela yamahlamvu abilile, amakhambi, izaqathe kanye neklabishi, ithanga;
- imifino eqoshiwe yezimpande;
- ukudla okuluhlaza nokuvuthayo.
Ukondla ngezikhathi zasekuseni, kungakuhle usebenzise umquba omanzi onomsoco, futhi kusihlwa kungcono ukunikeza okusanhlamvu okuphelele noma okuhlumekile ezinkukhu, ukudla okukhethekile okuhlanganisiwe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isici sohlobo futhi yisidingo sokuhlinzeka le nyoni ngesilinganiso esanele samanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile futhi okungenani nedamu elincane lokubhukuda.
Abamele uhlobo lwe-Bashkir duck bakhombisa ukukhiqizwa okuhle kwamaqanda lapho bondla izinkukhu nge-silage ehlanganisiwe kususelwa engxenyeni eyodwa yokudla kotshani, izingxenye ezintathu zeklabishi kanye nezingxenye eziyisithupha zamaqabunga eklabishi.
Ukuzala nokulima
Ungazala idada leBashkir ngokusebenzisa i-incubator noma ngosizo lwabesifazane, bese kuthi abasha abafikayo bafakwe endaweni yokuchamisela noma ekhejini ngohlelo olwanele lokukhanyisa. Amadada amancane asengozini yokutheleleka ngezifo ezahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqapha impilo yenkukhu. Okwezingane, udoti ohlanzekile futhi ojulile kufanele uhlelwe, kanye nombuso wokushisa onethezekile wama-30mayelanaKUSUKA.
Cishe izinyanga ezintathu ubudala, izinga lokushisa lingehla liye ku-18-21mayelanaC, ukugcina ukukhanya kwehora leshumi. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ukukhanya kwemvelo kusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukugcina izinkukhu. Indlela yokufukamela yokuzalanisa icabanga ukuhambisana nemithetho ethile:
- ukusebenzisa amaqanda amasha kuphela ngaphandle kokukhubazeka okubonakalayo;
- ukugcina isonto lokuqala lokushisa 38mayelanaC ngomswakama ku-70%;
- ukwenza amaqanda aphindwe kathathu noma kane ngosuku;
- ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kusuka ngosuku lwesishiyagalombili kuya kweleshumi nanhlanu lokufukamela kuya ku-37.8mayelanaNgenzuzo eyisihlanu yamaqanda;
- ukupholisa amaqanda ngemuva kweviki lesibili lokufukamela ikota yehora.
Kuyathakazelisa! Inhlangano efanele yokuzalanisa ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine imfuyo ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ukulahleka okuphelele ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhulisa, njengomthetho, akudluli ku-10%.
Uma zonke izidingo zifeziwe, inqubo yokufukamela ithatha izinsuku ezingama-25-28, futhi ukwenza lula inqubo yokuzala amadada, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthambisa igobolondo ngokwandisa umswakama uye kuma-90%.
Izifo, ukukhubazeka kokuzala
Vele, idada iBashkir lingelesigaba sezinyoni eziqinile, kepha uma imithetho yokugcinwa ingalandelwa, izifo ezinzima zingavela... Izifo eziyingozi kakhulu zamadada yilezi:
- i-avitaminosis, evame ukukhula ngokuqhathaniswa nokushoda kwamavithamini abalulekile ekudleni kwenyoni nsuku zonke;
- i-cloacitis, okuyinqubo ebabayo yokuvuvukala kwezingqamuzana ze-cloaca, futhi kwenzeka ngokushoda kwamaminerali, kanye namavithamini A, E no-D;
- ukwanda kwe-oviduct, kuhambisana nohudo oluningi noma ukuqunjelwa isikhathi eside;
- ukuvimba i-esophagus ne-goiter ngenxa yokondla le nyoni i-roughage eningi kakhulu.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo zingabangelwa amagciwane amaningi, amabhaktheriya nesikhunta, kepha okuyingozi kakhulu futhi okuvamile yi-paratyphoid fever, hepatitis, pasteurellosis, kanye nama-helminthiases ahlukahlukene. Amadada eBashkir abekezelela imibuso yamazinga aphansi okushisa kalula, anezinkomba ezinhle zokukhula kanye nesethi esheshayo yemisipha, okuwumphumela wesistimu yomzimba yokuzalwa enamandla.
Izinzuzo nobubi bohlobo
Abamele idada laseBashkir bazala ngokuhle kakhulu behluke enanini elikhulu kakhulu lezinzuzo, okuchaza ukuthandwa phakathi kwabalimi nabafuyi bezinkukhu abazimele. Izinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu nezingenakuphikwa zalolu hlobo zibandakanya ukuqhekeka okuphezulu, imvamisa kakhulu i-79-80%, kanye nokumelana okuhle nezifo eziningi zezinyoni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Idada laseBashkir lingelesigaba semikhakha ekhombisa amazinga aphezulu wenzuzo ngaphansi kwezimo zokutshalwa kwezohwebo.
Izinkukhu ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kalula nezimo ezahlukahlukene zezulu, zihlukaniswa nokuzithoba kokudla, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okuhle nokuvuthwa kwasekuqaleni. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, inyama inokuqukethwe okunamafutha aphansi nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu.... Okubi kohlobo kufaka kuphela ezinye izici zokuqukethwe (ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi amaningi), futhi hhayi amanani aphakeme kakhulu okukhiqizwa kwamaqanda.
Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi
Amadada aseBashkir ahloniphekile ekugcineni futhi amelana impela namathonya amabi angaphandle nezifo ezithile, kepha ukuze kugcinwe ukuzivikela kwemvelo kwezinkukhu ezingeni eliphakeme, kubalulekile ukunamathela ngokuqinile kulezi zincomo ezilula ezilandelayo:
- okombhede kufanele kugcinwe komile futhi kuhlanzekile;
- ngezikhathi ezithile, igumbi likhishwa ngegciwane nge-bleach ne-caustic soda;
- ukuthuthwa kwendle njalo kuyadingeka ukubeka idada endaweni, kanye nedamu;
- ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo eziyingozi kakhulu nokufa kwenqwaba yenkukhu, ukugoma okufika ngesikhathi kuvumela;
- izilwane ezincane zeminyaka ehlukene azikwazi ukugcinwa ndawonye.
Idada eligulayo linokuziphatha okubabazekayo, ukuhlala phansi nokungabi nandaba, kanye nokubukeka okuyisici, okumelwe izimpaphe ezigobekile, amaphiko ezehlisiwe kanye nokuhamba okungaqiniseki, okuxegayo. Bonke abantu abagulayo kumele bahlukaniswe ngesikhathi esifanele egumbini lokuhlukaniswa.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Indada yangaphakathi noma ye-musk
- Idada lesiMandarin
- Eider ovamile
Ukutholwa kwedada leBashkir kuvumeleke ngokuphelele futhi kuyalulekwa hhayi kuphela epulazini elikhulu, kepha futhi nangegceke elincane elingemuva kwangasese. Izinzuzo zalolu hlobo lwezinkukhu ziphawuleka ngaphezu kwayo yonke inkinga yokuzigcina, ngakho-ke ukuthandwa kwedada laseBashkir kukhula ngokuqinile futhi minyaka yonke.
