Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, ngokulandela ipanda elibomvu, izivakashi zithole into entsha engazoyithanda - ibinturonga, ikati elihlekisayo noma ibhere marten. Kuyamangaza ukuthi kungani kungeyona ingulube yebhere: ukukhasa phakathi kwezihlahla, amaBinturongs avame ukububula.
Incazelo ye-binturong
Umzingeli onegama lesiLatini elithi Arctictis binturong umele umndeni wama-civerrids, hhayi ama-raccoon, njengoba kwakucatshangwa ngaphambili, futhi ukuphela kwezinhlobo zohlobo lwe-Arctictis (binturongs). Igama lesidlaliso "ikati ibhere" linikezwa ngenxa yokuduma kwekati nemikhuba yalo, okunezelwa ibhere ejwayelekile (unyawo olugcwele phansi).
Ukubukeka
IBinturong, enesisindo esingu-10 kuya ku-20 kg, eqhathaniswa nosayizi nenja enkulu... Isilwane esikhulile sikhula size sifike ku-0.6-1 metres, futhi lokhu akubandakanyi umsila, olingana ngobude nomzimba.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umsila oqinile ojiyile onethiphu yokubamba yingxenye ephawuleka kakhulu yomzimba wekati futhi, eqinisweni, umlenze wawo wesihlanu (noma isandla?) Yi-kinkajou kuphela ehlala eMelika enomsila ofanayo. IBinturong ukuphela kwesidlakela esinomsila we-Old World.
Izinwele ezinde kunazo zonke nezinzima kunazo zonke zikhula emsileni we-binturong (ilula esisekelweni), futhi ngokuvamile ijazi layo linolaka, lishubile futhi ligcwele. Umzimba umbozwe izinwele ezinde nezicwebezelayo, ikakhulukazi ezinombala wamalahle, uhlanjululwe ngezinwele ezimpunga (lokho inja abantu abakubiza ngokuthi "usawoti nopelepele"). Kukhona nabampunga abamnyama abanenhlanganisela yezinwele ezimhlophe hhayi ezimpunga kuphela.
Umzimba ovulekile umiswe emilenzeni emifushane enezidladla ezi-5. Amakhanda abanzi afinyelela ekhaleni elimnyama, ngasendleleni, okukhumbuza kakhulu okwenja - uqweqwe lwawo lubanda futhi lumanzi. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, umbala "kasawoti kanye nopelepele" uboniswa ekhanda nasesifubeni: i-vibrissae eqinile, kanye nemiphetho engaphandle yama-auricles namashiya, ifafazwa kakhulu "ngosawoti" omhlophe.
IBinturong inamehlo ayindilinga, ansundu ngombala onama-cilia amafishane futhi amazinyo angama-40 anamazinyo we-canine ayi-1.5-sentimitha. Ikati linezindlebe ezihlanzekile, eziyindilinga, ngaphezulu kwazo kukhula izinhlamvu ezinde zezinwele. Ukubona nokuzwa kweBinturong akukuhle njengokuzwa kwabo kokuhogela nokuthinta. Isilwane sihogela ngokucophelela into ngayinye entsha, sisebenzisa i-vibrissae yaso ende ukuthinta.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
UBinturong uyisilo sasebusuku, kepha ukusondela kubantu kumfundise ukuthi asebenze emini. I-Catfish ithanda ukuba yodwa, iguqukela kuphela ukuzala: ngalesi sikhathi idala ngazimbili futhi ihlangane emiphakathini emikhulu, lapho owesifazane ehola khona. Ikati ibhere lihlala ezihlahleni, elisizwa kakhulu ukwakheka kwemisipha / amathambo ebhande lehlombe, elibhekele ukunyakaza kwemilenze yangaphambili.
Okubalulekile! Imilenze nayo ihlelwe ngokuthakaselayo: eyangaphambili iguqulelwe ukumba, ukukhuphuka, ukubamba nokuvula izithelo, kanti ezingemuva zisebenza njengokweseka kanye ne-balancer lapho kuphakanyiswa.
Lapho ikhuphuka noma izulazula egatsheni, i-binturong isebenzisa zonke izinzwani zezidladla zangaphambili (ngaphandle kokuphikisana), ngokungafani nezinzwani ezisezintweni ezingemuva. Ikati liyakwazi ukubuyisa izinyawo zalo zangemuva (njengomthetho, lapho liza ikhanda libheke phansi) ukuze linamathele esiqwini ngezinzipho zalo.
Ukukhuphuka mahhala kubuye kuqinisekiswe ngenxa yomsila wangaphambi kokugcina, ogcina i-binturong ikhasa kancane ngeziqu namagatsha (futhi ingagxili njengamanye ama-civerrids). Ukwehlela phansi, umhlaseli futhi akajahile, kepha uthola ubukhali obungalindelekile, uzithola esemanzini, lapho akhombisa khona amakhono amahle okubhukuda kanye ne-diver.
Kuyathakazelisa! Imfihlo enamafutha (i-civet) ikhishwa kwizindlala ze-endocrine, ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza amakha ukunikeza ukuphikelela kwamakha amakha nempepho. Umbono wokuthi imfihlo ye-binturong inuka njenge-popcorn ethosiwe uthathwa njengokuphikisana.
Endle, amathegi wephunga (ashiywe ngabesilisa nabesifazane) asebenza njengezikhombi, etshela abantu besizwe sakubo ngeminyaka yeBinturong, ubulili bayo nokulungela ukushada. Ukumaka amagatsha amile, isilwane sicindezela kuso izindlala zangasese, sidonsela umzimba phezulu. Amagatsha e-diagonal amakwe ngokuhlukile - isilwane silele ngomhlane, simboza igatsha ngezidladla zangaphambili futhi sizidonsele lona, silicindezele ezinhlokweni.
Ezesilisa nazo zimaka indawo ngomchamo, zimanzise izidladla / umsila, bese zigibela esihlahleni... Izilwane zinephalethi yomsindo ebanzi, okuthi, kanye nokuduma kofanele okwenelisiwe, kufaka phakathi ukukhala, ukukhala nokugquma okungenabungani. Ofakazi bokuzibonela baqinisekisa ukuthi i-binturong eyenelisekile ngempilo ingagigitheka, futhi umuntu ocasukile angamemeza kakhulu.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani iBinturong?
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, abameleli bezinhlobo baphila iminyaka engaba yishumi, kepha bayandisa isikhathi sokuhlala emhlabeni izikhathi ezi-2-2.5 ngokushesha nje lapho bewela ezandleni ezinhle - kubanikazi abazimele noma kuma-zoo wombuso. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amaBinturong agcinwa emapaki ezilwane eBerlin, Dortmund, Duisburg, Malacca, Seoul naseSydney. Kuma-zoo aseThailand, amakati afunde ukuma phambi kwekhamera futhi amelane nezikhathi ezithwebula izithombe, azivumele ukuthi zi-ayinwe futhi zicindezelwe amahora amaningi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izilwane zihlala ezandleni zazo, futhi kaningi zikhuphuka entanyeni nasemahlombe ezivakashi, futhi zingalokothi zenqabe ukwelashwa. Izivakashi zondla amakati ngobhanana namaswidi (ama-marshmallows, ama-muffin, ophaya abathandekayo nama-milkshakes).
Ama-carbohydrate asheshayo abangela ukwanda kweglucose egazini, yingakho izilwane ziqala ukugxuma ngokushesha futhi zigijime, kepha-ke, lapho nje ukuvuselelwa kuphela (imvamisa ngemuva kwehora), ziyalala zilale khona lapho.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Owesifazane ovuthiwe, izicucu ezimbili zezingono zihlukaniswa ngokusobala. Futhi, abesifazane bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa futhi bane-clitoris enkulu, efana nepipi. Lesi sici sesitho sangasese sowesifazane singenxa yesakhiwo se-clitoris, esiqukethe ithambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-dimorphism yezocansi ingalandelwa ngombala - abesifazane kwesinye isikhathi banemibala emide kunabesilisa (hhayi abamnyama kangako njengompunga).
Izinhlobo zeBinturong
Ngokuya ngale ndlela, kukhona ama-subspecies ayi-9 noma ayisithupha i-Arctictis binturong... Kaningi sikhuluma cishe eziyisithupha, ngoba eminye yemikhakha engezansi ehlongozwayo, isibonelo, A. b. I-kerkhoveni yase-Indonesia kanye no-A.abamhlophe abavela ePhilippines (iqembu lesiqhingi sasePalawan) banamabanga amancane kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezingaphansi eziyisithupha ezaziwayo ze-binturong yilezi:
- A. binturong albifrons;
- A. binturong binturong;
- A. binturong menglaensis;
- A. binturong kerkhoveni;
- A. binturong whitei;
- A. binturong penicillatus.
Indawo yokuhlala
UBinturong uyisakhamuzi saseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Lapha ububanzi bayo busuka eNdiya buye eziqhingini zase-Indonesia nasePhilippines.
Amazwe lapho i-binturong ivela khona:
- IBangladesh neBhutan;
- IChina, iCambodia kanye neNdiya;
- I-Indonesia (iJava, iKalimantan neSumatra);
- I-Lao Republic;
- IMalaysia (iMalacca Peninsula, iSabah neSarawak ithi);
- IMyanmar, iPhilippines neNepal;
- I-Thailand neVietnam.
AmaBinturong ahlala emahlathini emvula aminyene.
Ukudla kwe-Binturong
Ibhere lekati linemenyu engavamile, uma ukhumbula ukuthi ingezilwane ezidlayo: iqukethe imifino engu-70% kanye nama-30% kuphela wamaprotheni ezilwane.
Kuyiqiniso, ukudla kwamaBinturong kuhlukaniswa ngokuhlukahluka okwandisiwe, okuchazwa ngamakhono abo jikelele - izilwane zikhuphuka ezihlahleni, zihamba emhlabathini, zibhukuda futhi zitshuze ngokumangalisayo. AmaBinturongs avame ukukha isidlo asithandayo, izithelo, hhayi ngezidladla zawo, kodwa ngomsila wazo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinambuzane, amaxoxo, izinhlanzi, ama-molluscs, ama-crustaceans ngisho nezidumbu yizona ezihlinzeka ngamaprotheni ezilwane. AmaBinturong adla izidleke zezinyoni ngokudla amaqanda namachwane.
Belambile, bangangena ezindlini zabantu, kepha abantu abahlaselwa. Ekuthunjweni, isilinganiso sesitshalo nezakhi zezilwane asiguquki: iningi lemenyu lihlala ngezithelo ezinoshukela njengobhanana, amapentshisi kanye nama-cherries. Lapho zigcinwa ema-zoo nasekhaya, ama-Binturong anikezwa amaqanda azo azithandayo kanye nezibopho zezinkukhu / ze-turkey nezinhlanzi. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi amakati yizilwane ezincelisayo, okusho ukuthi ngeke alidele iphalishi lobisi.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Umkhuhlane wothando ugcina amaBinturong unyaka wonke, ngaphezu kwezinkathi... Ukuya ocansini ngokuqinisekile kwandulelwa yimidlalo yokukhwelana enomsindo ngokugijima nokugxuma. Lapho kwenziwa ucansi, owesifazane ugoqela umzimba womlingani wakhe ngezikhathi ezithile, acindezele umsila wakhe ngasemsileni womsila wakhe. Ngaphambi kokubeletha, insikazi ihlomisa isidleke endaweni evikeleke ngokuthembekile ezitheni, imvamisa emgodini. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-84-99, futhi isibalo esiphezulu sokuzalwa senzeka ngoJanuwari-Ephreli.
Kuyathakazelisa! Insikazi izala u-1 kuye ku-6 (ngokwesilinganiso amabili) amawundlu ayizithulu angaboni, ngalinye lawo linesisindo esingaphezudlwana kuka-300 g. Izinsana ziyakwazi ukugoba zishwibe, kuthi ngemuva kwehora zinamathele ebeleni likanina.
Emavikini ama-2-3 ubudala, izingane ziqala ukubona kahle futhi sezivele zikwazi ukukhasa esidlekeni, zihamba nomama. Kumaviki ayisithupha kuya kwayi-6, bathola isisindo esingafika ku-2 kg: ngalesi sikhathi, umama uyeka ukuncelisa, bese eqala ukondla amawundlu ngokudla okuqinile.
Ngendlela, owesifazane waseBinturong akaxoshi owesilisa ngemuva kokubeletha (okungajwayelekile kuma-viverrids), futhi uyamsiza ukunakekela izingane. Zishiya isidleke, ezinye izinsikazi zimaka izingane zazo. Ukuzala kwabesifazane kwenzeka ngezinyanga ezingama-30, kwabesilisa kusenesikhathi - ngezinyanga ezingama-28. Imisebenzi yokuzala kubamele bezinhlobo iqhubeka kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15.
Izitha zemvelo
Njengama-wyverrs amaningi, ama-binturongs, ikakhulukazi amancane nababuthakathaka, asongelwa yizilwane ezinkulu zomhlaba / izinyoni:
- izingwe;
- amahlosi;
- ama-jaguar;
- oklebe;
- izingwenya;
- izinja zasendle;
- izinyoka.
Kepha umuntu omdala uBinturong uyakwazi ukuzimela. Uma umqhubela ekhoneni, unolaka futhi uluma kabuhlungu kakhulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
I-Arctictis binturong yafakwa kuHlelo Olubomvu Lwamazwe Ngamazwe lwesimo Sokuba Sengozini futhi ikuSithasiselo III seNgqungquthela ye-CITES. Lezi zinhlobo zaziwa njengezisengozini ngenxa yokwehla okungaphezu kwama-30% kubantu kule minyaka eyi-18 edlule. Izinsongo ezinkulu ukubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala (ukugawulwa kwamahlathi), ukuzingelwa nokuhweba. Izindawo ezihlala njalo eBinturong ziguqula inhloso yazo, ngokwesibonelo, ziguqulwa zibe ngamasimu esundu kawoyela.
Engxenyeni esenyakatho yebanga (enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseChina), ukuzingela okungalawulwa nokuhweba kwama-binturong kwenziwa... Futhi endaweni esenyakatho, kufaka phakathi cishe. Borneo, kukhona ukulahleka kwamahlathi. EPhilippines, izilwane zibanjwa ziphila ukuze ziqhubeke zithengiswa, ngenhloso efanayo ezizingelwa eVientiane.
ERepublic yaseLao, ama-binturongs athengiswa njengezakhamuzi zama-zoo nezindiza ezizimele, futhi kwezinye izindawo zeLao PDR, inyama yekati ithathwa njengesibiliboco. EVietnam, izilwane ziyathengwa ukuze zigcinwe emakhaya nasemahhotela, kanye nasekuhlatshweni, kutholakale inyama yezindawo zokudlela nezitho zangaphakathi ezisetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwemithi.
Kuyathakazelisa! IBinturong okwamanje ivikelwe ngumthetho ezifundazweni eziningi. E-India, lolu hlobo luye lwafakwa ku-CITES Isithasiselo III kusukela ngo-1989 futhi lubhalwe ku-Chinese Red Book njengengcuphe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Binturong ibhalwe ku-Wildlife / Protection Act of India Schedule I, okusho ukuthi isimo sokulondolozwa esiphakeme kunazo zonke izinhlobo. I-Arctictis binturong ivikelwe eThailand, eMalaysia naseVietnam. EBorneo, lezi zinhlobo zibalwe kuSheduli II yoMthetho Wokulondolozwa Kwezilwane Zasendle waseSabah (1997), ovumela ukuzingelwa kwama-binturong anelayisense.
Izilwane zivikelwe ngokusemthethweni eBangladesh ngenxa yoMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwezilwane Zasendle (2012). Ngeshwa, iziphathimandla zaseBrunei azikaze zishaye umthetho owodwa osekela imizamo yezinhlangano zomhlaba ukuvikela amaBinturong.
