Abakwa-Arkhangelsk Pomors nabadobi base-Iceland bahlobisa izindlu zabo ngokulengisa amakhanda ezimpisi omisiwe ophahleni, omlomo wawo omunyu omnene waheha ukunakwa kwezivakashi.
Incazelo ye-catfish
Lezi zinhlanzi ezinkulu ezinjengezinyoka zibukeka njengama-moray eel nama-eels, kodwa azibonwa ebudlelwaneni obuseduze nazo.... I-Catfish (i-Anarhichadidae) ihlala emanzini apholile / abandayo enyakatho ye-hemisphere futhi angabomndeni wezinhlanzi ezishaywe nge-ray ze-oda le-Perciformes.
Ukubukeka
I-catfish inegama elishoyo - into yokuqala eheha iso lapho ihlangana nayo yiminyango ephezulu esabekayo, emane iphume emlonyeni. Imihlathi ye-catfish, njengezilwane eziningi ezibanjwe ukufa, ifinyezwe ngokusobala ngaphambili, futhi imisipha ehlafunwayo ethuthukile iphuma ngendlela yamaqhuqhuva. I-catfish endala idla ifosholo noma ihuku lokudoba ngaphandle komzamo, kepha imvamisa isebenzisa amazinyo ayo ngenhloso yayo - ihlula amagobolondo namagobolondo. Akumangalisi-ke ukuthi amazinyo ayawohloka ngokushesha futhi kanye ngonyaka (ngokuvamile ebusika) ayawa, anikeze amanye amasha aqothuka ngokuphelele ngemuva kwenyanga nengxenye.
Zonke i-catfish zinomzimba ohlangene, ogoba kakhulu lapho unyakaza. Ngendlela, ukuguquguquka komzimba okwandayo, kanye nokwanda kobude, kwenzeka ngenxa yokulahleka kwamaphiko we-pelvic. Iqiniso lokuthi okhokho abakude babenamaphiko okhalweni kufakazelwa ngamathambo okhalo lwe-catfish yanamuhla enamathiselwe ebhande lehlombe. Zonke izinhlobo ze-catfish zinamaphiko amade angabhangiwe, amaphiko emhlane kanye nangendunu, namaphiko ama-pectoral amise okwe-fan. Isiphetho se-caudal (esiyindilinga noma esinqunyiwe njengasezinhlanzini eziningi zokubhukuda kancane) sikhishelwe kuzo zonke ezinye amaphiko. Ezinye izibonelo ze-catfish zikhula zifike ku-2,5 m ngobukhulu obungamakhilogremu angama-50.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
“Ugebhezi lushwabene futhi lube mpunga njengewolintshi elibolile. Isifonyo sifana nesilonda esiqhubekayo, nezindebe ezinkulu ezivuvukele zisabalele ububanzi bazo. Ngemuva kwezindebe ungabona amazinyo aqinile nomlomo ongenamkhawulo, okubonakala sengathi uzokugwinya unomphela ... "- yile ndlela uMcDaniel, waseCanada esatshiswa yisilo ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-20 emanzini aseBritish Columbia, etshela ngomhlangano wakhe nenhlanzi yasePacific.
Zonke i-catfish zihola impilo engezansi: kulapha lapho zifuna khona ukudla, hhayi ukudelela cishe noma yiziphi izidalwa eziphilayo. Lapho kuqala ukuhwalala, izinhlanzi ziyozingela, ukuze zibuyele emihumeni yazo ethulile lapho kuphuma ilanga. Lapho ubusika busondela, i-catfish iyacwila.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinga lokukhula kwezimpisi zase-Atlantic lilingana ngqo nokujula lapho zigcina khona. Ekujuleni okukhulu, i-White Sea catfish eminyakeni engu-7 ikhula ngokwesilinganiso efinyelela kuma-37 cm, uLwandle lwaseBarents lunemishwe - kuze kufike ku-54 cm, lubonwe - kuze kufike ku-63 cm, futhi luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - kuze kufike ku-92 cm.
I-catfish enamabala ibuye ibhukude phezulu ehlobo kunasebusika, kepha (ngokungafani ne-catfish emthende) ihamba amabanga amade. I-catfish ejwayelekile iyathanda ukuphumula emifantwini enamadwala phakathi kwe-algae, ingayilingisi ngombala kuphela (imivimbo eguqukayo engemuva ngokumpunga onsundu), kepha nangokuzamazama komzimba onwuzelayo. Ekujuleni lapho i-catfish enemigqa ilwela khona ebusika, imivimbo iyashabalala futhi icishe ingabonakali, futhi umbala ophelele uzuza ukuphuzi okuncane.
Akusikho ukuqondana nje ukuthi i-catfish enemigqa ibizwa ngokuthi i-sea wolf (i-Anarhichas lupus): yona, njengayo yonke impisi, ivame ukusebenzisa amazinyo anamandla, ivikele izikhukhula ezinolaka nezitha zangaphandle. Abadobi abanesizini babamba izinhlanzi ezibanjiwe ngokunakekela, njengoba zishaya kanzima futhi ziluma ngokuphawulekayo.
Zingaki i-catfish ezihlala
Kukholakala ukuthi abantu abadala abalekele ngenjabulo izinto zokudoba bayakwazi ukuphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-18-20.
Kuyathakazelisa! ICatfish ingumhlaseli wokuzingela. Ukuvuselela ukuluma endukwini ephothayo, inhlanzi igconwa okokuqala. Ofakazi bokuzibonela baqinisekisa ukuthi i-catfish ayinakulinganiswa ngokuthepha usinki etsheni. Ngale ndlela, kwasungulwa igama - ukubamba ngokungqongqoza.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Abesifazane bancane kunabesilisa futhi banombala omnyama ngandlela thize. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane abanakho ukuvuvukala ngamehlo abo, izindebe zabo azivuvukanga kangako, futhi nesilevu sabo asibonakali kangako.
Izinhlobo ze-catfish
Umndeni unezinhlobo ezi-5, ezintathu zazo (ezivamile, ezinamachashaza kanye ne-catfish eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) ezihlala engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Atlantic Ocean, kanti ezimbili (Far Eastern ne-eel-like) zikhethe amanzi asenyakatho oLwandlekazi iPacific.
Inhlanzi emthende (Anarhichas lupus)
Abamele lezi zinhlobo bahlome ngamazinyo we-tubercular athuthukile, ahlukanisa le catfish kusuka kwamachashaza noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Emhlathini ongezansi, amazinyo ahlehliselwa emuva kakhulu, okwenza ukuthi kube lula ukuchoboza amagobolondo abhekene nengcindezi yokulwa nomhlathi ongaphezulu. Futhi, i-catfish enemigqa mincane kunamachashazi namabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - izinhlobo ezigqame kakhulu azikhuli ngaphezu kuka-1.25 m futhi zinesisindo esingama-21 kg.
Impisi ebonwayo
Kuthatha indawo ephakathi nendawo phakathi kwe-catfish eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nemigqa. I-catfish enamabala, njengomthetho, inkulu kunemithende, kepha iphansi ngosayizi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ikhula ifike ku-1.45 m ngobukhulu obungaphezu kwama-30 kg. Amazinyo we-tubercular ku-catfish enamabala akhule kangako kune-catfish emthende, futhi umugqa we-vomer awususwanga ngaphandle kwemigqa ye-palatine. I-wolf fish fry enamabala ihlotshiswe ngemivimbo ebanzi futhi emnyama eguqukayo, ewela ezindaweni ezingazodwa ngesikhathi sokushintshela endaweni yokuhlala engezansi. Amabala ahlukanisiwe omunye komunye, futhi uma ehlangana abe yimivimbo, lapho-ke ahlukile kakhulu kunalawo e-catfish enemigqa.
I-catfish eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ama-Anarhichas latifrons)
Kukhombisa ukwakheka okubuthakathaka kwamazinyo anesifo sofuba, lapho umugqa we-vomer mfushane kakhulu kunemigqa ye-palatal, ngenkathi yinde kwezinye i-catfish. I-catfish endala ye-blue swing ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.4 enesisindo esingu-32 kg.
Kuyaziwa nangezinhlanzi ezihlaba umxhwele, okungenani amamitha ama-2 ubude. I-catfish eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ipendwe cishe nge-monochrome, ngamathoni amnyama anezindawo ezingacacile, ukuqoqwa kwayo ngemivimbo kucishe kungahlukaniseki.
Impisi yaseMpumalanga Ekude (Anarhichas orientalis)
Impisi yaseMpumalanga Ekude ikhula ize ifike okungenani ku-1.15 m.Ihlukaniswa phakathi kwemfucumfucu yase-Atlantic ngenani elikhulu lama-vertebrae (86-88) nemisebe esinqeni sangaphambili (53-55). Amazinyo anesifo sofuba aqinile ngokwedlulele, okuvumela umuntu omdala ukuba achoboze amagobolondo amakhulu kakhulu. Imivimbo emnyama kuma-juveniles ayitholakali ngaphesheya, kodwa emzimbeni: njengoba izinhlanzi zikhula, ziyahlukahluka ziye ezindaweni zasemakhaya, okuthi kamuva zilahlekelwe ukucaca kwazo futhi zinyamalale ebumnyameni obuqinile.
I-Eel catfish (Anarhichthys ocellatus)
Ihluke ngokuphawulekayo kuyo yonke i-catfish, yingakho ikhethwa njengohlobo olukhethekile. Ngokuma kwekhanda nokwakheka kwamazinyo, inhlanzi efana ne-eel efana ne-eel ifana neMpumalanga Ekude, kepha inomzimba omude kakhulu onenani elikhulu (ngaphezulu kwama-200) ama-vertebrae nemisebe emaphikweni asemuva / endunu.
I-catfish efana ne-Eel esesimweni somuntu omdala ivame ukufika kumamitha ayi-2,5.Izinhlobo zezinhlobo zinemigqa ephelele ubude, kodwa kamuva imivimbo iphenduka amabala ahlala akhanya kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yezinhlanzi.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-Catfish yizinhlanzi zasolwandle ezihlala ezindaweni ezibandayo nezibandayo zasenyakatho yezwe.... ICatfish ikhetha ishelufu lezwekazi futhi ihlala ezingxenyeni zayo ezingezansi ekujuleni okukhulu kakhulu.
Ububanzi bezinhlanzi ezinemigqa buhlanganisa:
- umkhakha osentshonalanga woLwandle iBaltic nengxenye yeNyakatho;
- Iziqhingi zaseFaroe naseShetland;
- enyakatho yeNhlonhlo iKola;
- ENorway, e-Iceland naseGreenland;
- Amabhayi kaMotovsky noKola;
- Isiqhingi iBhere;
- ugu olusentshonalanga yeSpitsbergen;
- Ugu lwe-Atlantic eNyakatho Melika.
Lezi zinhlobo ze-catfish zihlala naseBarents nase-White Seas. Ukuhamba kwezicathulo kukhawulelwe ukufinyelela ogwini nokuhamba ekujuleni (kufika ku-0.45 km).
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinhlanzi zempisi ezinamabala zibanjwa endaweni efanayo naleyo ejwayelekile (ngaphandle koLwandle iBaltic, lapho ingangeni khona nhlobo), kepha ezifundeni ezisenyakatho isavame kakhulu kunezaseNingizimu. Ngasogwini lwase-Iceland, kunezinhlanzi ezingama-20 ezimthende nge-catfish eyodwa enamabala.
Ihlala, njengenye i-catfish, ku-shoal yezwekazi, kepha igwema ugu nolwelwe, ikhetha ukuhlala enkulu, kuze kube isigamu sekhilomitha, ekujuleni. Indawo ye-catfish eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihlangana nendawo yempisi enamabala, kepha ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, ihamba ngokukhulu ukushesha emabangeni amade futhi ihlala ekujuleni okuphezulu okungafika ku-1 km.
I-Far Eastern catfish itholakala eNorton Bay, eduzane nase-Aleutian, Commander nasePribylov Islands, kanye nasogwini ukusuka cishe. IHokkaido (eningizimu) ogwini olusempumalanga yeKamchatka (enyakatho). I-eel eyimpisi itholakala ngasogwini lwasePacific eNyakatho Melika ukusuka eCalifornia kuya e-Alaska (Isiqhingi sase-Kodiak).
Ukudla kweCatfish
Abatshuzi bathola i-catfish kusuka ezinqwabeni zamagobolondo / amagobolondo angenalutho ahlanganiswe eduze kwemihume engaphansi kwamanzi... Ama-molars anamandla nama-canine asabekayo ayadingeka yi-catfish ukugaya izidalwa eziphilayo ezigqoke izembatho zempi noma i-chitin.
Ukudla okuthandayo kwe-catfish:
- ama-crustaceans, kufaka phakathi ama-lobster;
- izimbaza;
- ama-urchins olwandle;
- izinkanyezi zasolwandle;
- iminenke;
- i-jellyfish;
- inhlanzi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngamazinyo ayo, i-catfish iklebhula phansi ama-echinoderms, ama-molluscs nama-crustaceans anamathele kuyo, futhi ngamazinyo ayo iyadabula / ichoboze amagobolondo awo namagobolondo. Lapho amazinyo eguquka, inhlanzi ilamba noma ihlafune inyamazane engamboziwe ngegobolondo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-catfish zinezintandokazi zazo ze-gastronomic: ngokwesibonelo, i-catfish emthende ayinandaba kangako nenhlanzi, kepha iyazithanda izimbaza (ezibhekwa njengesiheho esihle kakhulu lapho kudotshwa izingwegwe). Okuthandwa yi-catfish enamabala kuyafana nokuthandwa yicatfish enemigqa, ngaphandle kokuthi okwangaphambili kuncike kancane kuma-molluscs, nokuningi kuma-echinoderms (i-starfish, i-ophiur ne-sea urchins).
I-Far Eastern catfish, ehlala emahlathini asogwini, idla ama-echinoderms, ama-molluscs, izinhlanzi nama-crustaceans. Imikhuba yokudla ye-catfish eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ikhawulelwe ku-jellyfish, ama-jellies wezinhlanzi nezinhlanzi: ezinye izilwane (ama-crustaceans, ama-echinoderms futhi ikakhulukazi ama-molluscs) azivamile ekudleni kwayo. Ngenxa yokudla okuntekenteke, amazinyo e-blue catfish cishe awagugi, yize eshintsha minyaka yonke.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Kanye empilweni, i-catfish ngayinye yesilisa imelana nempi enquma isiphetho sayo: uma umphumela uphumelele, umnumzane uwina intokazi, ethembeke ngokuthembeka kuze kube sekuphefumuleni kwayo kokugcina. Abesilisa abalwa izimpi ezinjalo badonsa amakhanda abo ndawonye, baluma umphikisi ngamazinyo abo endleleni. Izindebe ezijiyile nokujiya okukhulu okuzungeze amehlo kusindisa ama-duelists emanxebeni ajulile, kepha izibazi emakhanda azo zisekhona.
Ukutshalwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-catfish kuyahluka ngemininingwane. I-catfish yesifazane enemigqa ikhafula isuka kumaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-600 kuye kwezingama-40 (5-7 mm ububanzi), inamathelane ibe ibhola elinamathela ezansi. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, ukuzala kwenzeka ebusika, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho - ehlobo. Abesilisa bagada i-clutch, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside, ngoba imibungu ikhula kancane, futhi ama-juveniles amakhulu (17-25 mm) avela kuphela entwasahlobo.
Ngemuva kokuchamuselwa, ifry ivuka phansi, isondela ebusweni bolwandle, kepha ikhula ifike ku-6-7 cm, iphinde icwile phansi futhi cishe ayikaze itholakale kukholamu lamanzi.
Okubalulekile! Njengoba bekhula, ukudla kwabo abakujwayele, i-plankton, kufakwa esikhundleni sokudla kwabantu abadala, kufaka phakathi i-shellfish, i-hermit crabs, i-starfish, izinkalankala, i-ophiur, kanye nemikhovu yasolwandle.
I-Spotted catfish engu-0.9-1.2 m ubude izala kusuka emaqanda ayi-12 kuye kwangama-50 ayizinkulungwane, alingana nobubanzi kumaqanda e-catfish ejwayelekile. Futhi zakha imivimbo eyindilinga, kepha eyokugcina, ngokungafani neye-catfish emthende, itholakala ijule (ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-100) futhi iqhelile nogu. Amafry akhuphukela phezulu futhi ahlala kude nogu kunokuthosa kwempisi emthende, futhi ukudlulela kwabo ebukhoneni obuphansi kukhululeke kakhudlwana.
U-1.12-1.24 m wesifazane o-blue catfish ukhiqiza amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-23 kuya kwezingama-29 (6-7 mm ububanzi), awazale ehlobo, ekwindla noma entwasahlobo, kepha akekho noyedwa okwamanje osatholile izigaxa zezinhlobo. AmaPomors abiza abafelokazi be-blue catfish, njengoba kubanjwa kuphela abantu abangenazicucu oLwandle iBarents. Izinhlanzi ezincane eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka azijahi ukuthuthela empilweni esezansi, kanti inhlanzi yokuqala itholakala ekubanjweni kwe-trawl kungakabiphi kunokukhula kwayo kube ngu-0.6-0.7 m. I-Far Eastern catfish izalela ehlobo, nangemva kokuchamusela ukubhukuda kuya olwandle. Ngokusho kochthyologists, cishe ama-fry angama-200 avela ku-clutch asinda kuze kube sekuthomba.
Izitha zemvelo
Zonke izinhlanzi ezidla izinyoni zasolwandle zidla izinhlanzi ezisencane zezimpisi, futhi abantu abadala basongelwa yizimpawu (emanzini asenyakatho) noshaka abaphansi abangaphansi, abangadideki ngosayizi wezinhlanzi eziyimpisi namazinyo abo amabi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Yize sehlile isibalo sabantu bazo zonke izinhlanzi eziyimfucumfucu, isimo sabo asisibi kangako ukuthi singaletha izinhlangano zokongiwa kwemvelo ukuba zifake ohlwini lwezimpisi eziyizimpisi eRed Book. Kepha njengoba ukwehla kwamanani ikakhulu kungenxa yokudotshwa ngokweqile, izifundazwe eziningi seziqale ukulawula ukubanjwa kwezinhlanzi zekati.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Inhlanzi empunga
- Izinhlanzi ze-Sturgeon
- Uhlobo lwenhlanzi
- I-salmon ebomvana
Inani lokuhweba
Inyama enamanzi amaningi, yize igcwele uvithamini A, iku-catfish eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha ezinamachashaza nezimthende zimnandi ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene - ezithosiwe, ezibilisiwe, ezibhemayo, ezinosawoti futhi ezomisiwe. ICatfish caviar ayimbi kakhulu kune-salmon ye-chum, futhi isibindi siyisibiliboco.
Kuyathakazelisa! Phambilini, amakhanda, amaphiko namathambo e-catfish kwakusetshenziswa njengokudla kwemfuyo, kwandisa (ikakhulukazi) okuqukethwe okunamafutha obisi lwenkomo, nenyongo yashintsha insipho. Manje kusuka kwizikhumba ze-catfish enamabala benza izikhwama, iziqongo zezicathulo ezikhanyayo, ukubopha izincwadi nokuningi.
I-catfish ekude yaseMpumalanga iyathandwa eSakhalin - inenyama emhlophe, enamafutha futhi emnandi ngokungavamile ngaphandle kwegciwane elilodwa. Akukho mkhiqizo wentengiso, kepha abadobi bendawo bayakujabulela ukubamba izinhlanzi zezinja (njengoba i-catfish ibizwa lapha).
