I-Kiwi (Artеryх) iyona kuphela emele uhlobo lohlobo lwama-ratites emndenini wegama elifanayo (i-Artеrygidae) kanye nokuhleleka kwama-kiwiformes, noma izinyoni ezingenamaphiko (Artеrygifоrеs). Umhlobo lo uhlanganisa imihlobo emihlanu ethandwa yiNew Zealand. Le nyoni isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu secassowary ne-emu.
Incazelo yenyoni ye-kiwi
I-Kiwis iwuphawu lweNew Zealand, futhi isithombe sale nyoni sitholakala ezitembu nasezinhlamvwini zemali.... Ukubukeka nemikhuba ye-kiwi iyamangalisa kakhulu futhi yehluke kakhulu kunencazelo nezici zokuziphatha zezinye izinyoni u-zoologist uWilliam Calder abize abamele abakhanyayo bomndeni wakwa-Artérygidae ngokuthi "izilwane ezincelisayo ezihloniphekile".
Ukubukeka
AmaKiwis ayizilwane ezingakwazi ukundiza. Ubungako benyoni endala enjalo buncane kakhulu, abudluli kubukhulu benkukhu ejwayelekile. Kwi-kiwi, i-dimorphism yezocansi iyisici, futhi abesifazane bahlala bebakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa. Umzimba wale nyoni umise okwamapheya. Inhloko incane, etholakala entanyeni emfushane. Isisindo somzimba womuntu omdala singahluka kusuka ku-1.4 kuye ku-4.0 kg.
I-Kiwi ibonakala ngokuncishiswa okukhulu kwamaphiko, uma kuqhathaniswa nazo zonke izinyoni eziphila namuhla. Izimpiko azidluli kuma-50 mm, ngakho-ke azibonakali ngaphansi kwezimpaphe ezithuthuke kahle. Yize kunjalo, ama-kiwis agcine umkhuba wawo wezinyoni, futhi ngesikhathi sokuphumula bafihla umlomo wabo ngaphansi kwephiko.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ubuso bomzimba wale nyoni bumbozwe ngokulinganayo ngezimpaphe ezithambile ezimpunga noma ezinsundu ngokukhanyayo, okufana kakhulu nokubukeka koboya. AmaKiwis awunawo umsila. Imilenze yenyoni inezinzwane ezine, kunalokho imfishane futhi inamandla kakhulu, ifakwe uzipho olucijile. Amathambo amelwe yithambo elisindayo.
I-Kiwi iyinyoni ethembele ikakhulu hhayi ekubukeni kwayo, enikezwa ngamehlo amancane, kepha ekuzweni okuthuthukile kakhulu nokuzwa okunukayo. Le nyoni inomsila omude kakhulu, oguquguqukayo, omncane futhi oqondile noma ogobile kancane, okuthi kowesilisa osekhulile angafika kubude obungu-9.5-10.5 cm.Ubude bomlomo wesifazane bude ngokwedlulele, bese buyeka cishe u-11.0-12.0 cm. Ulimi lukaKiwi luyancipha. Eduze kwesisekelo somlomo, kunezitho zokuthinta, ezimelwe ngamabristles abucayi noma i-vibrissae.
Izinga lokushisa lomzimba elijwayelekile le-kiwi lingu-38 ° C, elicishe libe ngamadigri ambalwa kunalelo lezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni. Leli zinga livame kakhulu ekushiseni komzimba wezilwane eziningi ezincelisayo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izimpaphe ze-kiwi zinephunga elicacile futhi elinamandla, elifana nephunga lamakhowe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amakhala kaKiwi avuleka ekugcineni koqhwaku, kanti kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni atholakala ezansi impela komlomo.
Kungenxa yalesi sici ukuthi le nyoni isengozini enkulu yezilwane eziningi ezisemhlabeni, ezikwazi ukuthola kalula i-kiwi ngephunga.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nomlingiswa
Indawo yemvelo ekhethiwe ye-kiwi iyindawo emanzi nehlala iluhlaza ihlathi. Ngenxa yobukhona bezinzwani ezinde ngokwanele, inyoni enjalo akuyona indlela yokubambeka enhlabathini enexhaphozi. Izindawo ezinabantu abaningi zibonakala ngokuba khona kwezinyoni cishe ezine noma ezinhlanu ngekhilomitha lesikwele lendawo. Ama-Kiwis asebusuku kuphela noma ama-crepuscular.
Ngesikhathi sasemini, ama-kiwis azama ukucasha emigodini eyimbiwe ngokukhethekile, imigodi, noma ngaphansi kwezimpande zezitshalo. Isibonelo, i-kiwi enkulu empunga iyakwazi ukumba umgodi, okuyi-maze yangempela enezindawo zokuphuma nezokungena eziningana. Endaweni yayo, umuntu omdala uvame ukuba nezindawo zokukhosela ezingaba yishumi nanhlanu, ezishintsha nsuku zonke.
Umgodi ombiwe ubandakanyeka kule nyoni emasontweni ambalwa kuphela ngemuva kokuhlelwa... Ngaleso sikhathi, uhlaza olune-mossy kanye ne-herbaceous lukhula kahle kakhulu, olusebenza njengesifihla esihle kakhulu sokungena endaweni yokukhosela. Kwesinye isikhathi i-kiwi ifihla isidleke sayo ngokucophelela, imboze ingxenye yokungena ngamahlamvu namahlumela aqoqiwe.
Ngesikhathi sasemini, le nyoni ikwazi ukushiya indawo yayo yokuhlala kuphela uma isondela engozini. Ebusuku, le nyoni ihamba ngendlela emangalisayo, ngakho-ke iyakwazi ukuzungeza indawo yayo yonke indawo.
Iyimfihlo futhi inamahloni kakhulu emini, inyoni iba nolaka ngokuqala kobusuku. I-Kiwi ingeyesigaba sezinyoni zendawo, ngakho-ke, umbhangqwana okhwelayo, ikakhulukazi owesilisa, uvikela indawo yayo yokwakha izidleke kunoma ibaphi abantu abancintisanayo.
Izikhali eziyingozi, kulokhu, yimilenze eqinile futhi ethuthuke kahle, kanye nomlomo omude. Kunezimo lapho impi phakathi kwezinyoni ezincintisanayo yaphela ekufeni komunye wabantu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Yize kunjalo, izimpi ezibucayi futhi ezinegazi phakathi kwama-kiwis amadala zenzeka ngokungajwayelekile, futhi ukuvikela imingcele yesiza, izinyoni zithanda ukusebenzisa ukukhala okukhulu, okuzwakala kahle ebangeni lamakhilomitha ambalwa.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani i-kiwi?
Endle, isikhathi se-kiwi sokuphila asidluli emashumini ambalwa eminyaka. Uma igcinwe kahle ekuthunjweni, inyoni enjalo inamandla okuphila iminyaka engamashumi amathathu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nengxenye yekhulu leminyaka.
Indawo yokuhlala nezindawo zokuhlala
Indawo yemvelo yokwabiwa kwe-kiwi yindawo yaseNew Zealand. Izinhlobonhlobo zaseNyakatho kiwi noma i-Arteryx manteli zitholakala eNyakatho yesiqhingi, futhi izinyoni zezinhlobo ezinjenge-common noma i-A. Australis, i-rovi noma i-A. rowi kanye ne-kiwi enkulu empunga noma i-ha haasti, zigcwele iSouth Island ngobuningi. Abanye abantu bayatholakala nasendaweni yesiQhingi saseKapiti.
Ukudla kwe-kiwi nokuvuna
I-kiwi incamela ukuzingela ebusuku, ngakho-ke, ifuna inyamazane, inyoni enjalo ishiya indawo yayo yokuhlala cishe isigamu sehora ngemuva kokushona kwelanga ngaphansi komkhathizwe. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane nezikelemu, kanye nanoma yimaphi ama-molluscs, ama-amphibian amancane hhayi ama-crustaceans amakhulu kakhulu, akha isisekelo sokudla kwabamele i-Artеryх.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kufunwa i-kiwi ngosizo lomuzwa othuthukile wokunuka nokuthinta okuhle, futhi inyoni enjalo iyakwazi ukuhogela kalula ukudla ngokunamathela ngomlomo wayo omude ujule enhlabathini.
Ngenhloso yokudla, inyoni nayo iyakwazi ukusebenzisa ukudla kwezitshalo, ukudla izithelo noma amajikijolo ngokuzithandela.
Ukuzala nenzalo
I-Kiwi ingeyesigaba sezinyoni ezizodwa. Njengomthetho, amabhangqa ezinyoni zomndeni akhiwa cishe izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu zokukhwelana, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kube impilo yonke. Izinyoni zezwe zivikela ngokuqinile yonke indawo yazo yokwakha izidleke kwezinye izihlobo noma izimbangi. Cishe kabili ngeviki, izinyoni zihlangana emgodini wazo wokwakha izidleke, futhi ziphinde zizwakale ngokuzwakalayo nokuqala kwesikhathi sasebusuku. Isikhathi sokumatanisa siqala ngoJuni kuya ekuqaleni kukaMashi.
I-kiwi yesifazane ibeka iqanda elilodwa noma ipheya elilodwa emgqeni ohlelwe ngaphambilini noma ngaphansi kohlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, insikazi iyakwazi ukudla okuphindwe kabili noma kathathu ngaphezulu kokuphakelayo kunangaphandle kwenkathi yokukhwelana.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda, le nyoni iyeka ukondla, ngenxa yeqanda elikhulu kakhulu, elithatha isikhala esiningi emzimbeni. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi akusiyona insikazi efukamela amaqanda, kodwa i-kiwi yesilisa. Kwesinye isikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokudla, owesilisa ushintshwa okwesikhashana ngowesifazane.
Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokufukamela singaphansi nje kwezinyanga ezintathu... Inqubo yokuchamuselwa ithatha izinsuku ezimbalwa, lapho iphuphu lizama ngenkuthalo ukuphula igobolondo ngosizo lomlomo nezidladla zalo. Amachwane e-kiwi asezelwe asevele enezimpiko ezinamaphiko, ngenxa yokuthi anokufana okukhulu nabantu abadala. Ukubheka kukhombisa ukuthi ngemuva nje kokuzalwa kwamachwane, umbhangqwana wabazali ushiya inzalo yawo.
Phakathi nezinsuku ezintathu zokuqala, kuphela izinqolobane ezingaphansi kwesikhumba ezinomthwalo wokondla amaphuphu. Amachwane e-kiwi maviki onke ayakwazi ukushiya isidleke sawo, futhi lapho esenamasonto amabili, inzalo ekhulayo ye-kiwi isivele izama ngokuzikhandla ukuzitholela ukudla.
Kuyathakazelisa! Phakathi nenyanga eyodwa nohhafu, amachwane e-kiwi adla kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini, bese kuphela lapho eshintshela ebusuku, ejwayelekile yale nhlobo yenyoni, indlela yokuphila.
Izinyoni ezisencane cishe azikwazi ukuzivikela ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke, cishe ama-65-70% ama-juveniles aba yizisulu zazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane. Ukukhula kwamachwane kuhamba kancane, futhi ama-kiwis asekhule ngokuphelele futhi avuthiwe ngokocansi azosondela eminyakeni yobudala emihlanu. Abesilisa abamele i-Artéryx bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi benonyaka owodwa nohhafu.
Abesifazane bathola ikhono lokuzala kabusha kamuva, cishe eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ngisho beneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, futhi isici saleyo nyoni ukuba khona kwamaqanda amaqanda asebenzayo. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, i-kiwi yesifazane ingabeka amaqanda angaba yikhulu.
Izitha zemvelo
Kuze kube ngumzuzu lapho insimu yaseNew Zealand ibigcwele izidalwa ezinjengamakati, izinja, i-weasel kanye ne-marten, i-ermine ne-ferret, le nyoni "enoboya" ibingenazo izitha zemvelo ezimbi ezithinta kabi inani eliphelele. Ngaphandle kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, ababambi bezinyoni ezingaphandle, kanye nabazingeli abangekho emthethweni, njengamanje bayingozi enkulu kubantu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngenxa yendlela yayo yokuphila eyimfihlo, yasebusuku, kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuthi inyoni itholakale ezindaweni zemvelo, zemvelo. Futhi yilesi sici sokuziphatha kwe-kiwi esaba isizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla okuyinhlekelele kwenani eliphelele lale nyoni engavamile, engazange ibonwe ngokushesha.
Ngokusho kososayensi abathile, uma eminyakeni eyinkulungwane eyedlule kwakukhona ama-kiwi angaphezu kwezigidi eziyishumi nambili ayehlala ezindaweni ezingamahlathi eNew Zealand, ngakho-ke ngo-2004 inani lale nyoni lase lehle ngaphezu kwezihlandlo eziyishumi, futhi lafinyelela cishe ezinkulungwaneni ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa.
Ngokusho kokubona kochwepheshe, izinga lokuqothulwa kwabamele i-Artéryx kuze kube muva nje belicishe libe ngu-5-6% wabantu bonke ngonyaka ngamunye. Isici esiyinhloko esasusa le nkinga ukwethulwa kwezilwane ezahlukahlukene ezidliwayo ngabaseYurophu kulesi siqhingi.
Akukho monakalo omncane kunani eliphelele le-kiwi elidalwe ukuncipha okukhulu endaweni yezindawo ezingamahlathi eziluhlaza.
Okubalulekile! Ngaphandle kokubekezela okwanele nokungathinteki ezifweni eziningi, ama-kiwis kunzima kakhulu ukusabela kuzinguquko ezinkulu emvelweni.
Umbuso uthathe izinyathelo ezisebenza ngempela okuhloswe ngazo ukubuyisa inani labantu bezinhlobo zezinyoni ezisengcupheni yokushabalala. Eminyakeni engaphezudlwana kwamashumi amabili edlule, kwethulwa uhlelo lombuso olubandakanya izindlela zokuzivikela, ezenze ukuthi kube lula ukwehla izinga lokwehla kwabantu be-kiwi.
Ezimweni zokuhlalwa kabusha kwendawo yokuhlala, izinyoni ezifuywa ekuthunjweni ziye zathatha izimpande kahle ezimweni zemvelo... Phakathi kokunye, ukulawulwa kwenani eliphelele lezilwane ezidlayo, okuyizitha zemvelo ze-kiwi, nakho kwafakwa ezinyathelweni zokwesekwa nguhulumeni.
Izinhlobo ezintathu ze-Artеryх, ezimelwe yi-kiwi ejwayelekile, enkulu empunga kanye nezincane, zibhalwe emakhasini e-Red Book yamazwe omhlaba futhi zinesimo sabasengozini noma i-Vulnerablе. Izinhlobo ezintsha ze-kiwi esenyakatho zingezesigaba sezinyoni ezisengozini yokuqothulwa noma ezisengozini. Izinhlobo zeRovi yinyoni okwamanje enesimo esibucayi kuzwelonke noma esibucayi kuzwelonke.
