Ngisho nasekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, umuntu ojwayelekile angahlala ngokuthula egcekeni lomlimi ngaphandle kokwesaba impilo yakhe. Izakhamizi zazesaba ukubulala umuntu owayengenile ngenxa yenkolelo-ze yokuletha inkathazo emakhaya abo.
Ukubukeka, incazelo yenyoka ejwayelekile
Isirhubuluzi ngesomndeni osuvele umile, wehlukile kubangane baso embusweni wezinyoka "ngezindlebe" eziphuzi - ukumakwa okulinganayo ekhanda (eduze nasentanyeni). Amachashazi ulamula, iwolintshi, amhlophe qwa, noma akabonakali ngokuphelele.
Ubukhulu bomuntu ojwayelekile abudluli ku-1 m, kepha kukhona nezinhlobo eziqinile (1.5-2 m ngayinye). Abesilisa bancane kakhulu kunabesifazane. Inhloko yenyoka ihlukaniswe ngokusobala nentamo, futhi umzimba ubude buphindwe ka-3-5 kunomsila.
Ingaphezulu yomzimba wenyoka ingapendwa ngombala ompunga, onsundu noma omnqumo, uhlanjululwe ngephethini emnyama yokuhlola. I-Belly - mpunga okhanyayo noma omhlophe, ngomugqa omnyama wobude enkabeni... Kwabanye abantu, lo mdwebo uhlala ngaphansi. Phakathi kwezinyoka, kukhona ama-albino nama-melanists.
Ukufana nenyoka
Kuyathakazelisa!Inyoka enobungozi inokuncane okufana nenyoka enobuthi: izindawo eziyizintandokazi zokuphumula (ihlathi, amachibi, utshani) kanye nesifiso sokugwema ukushayisana nabantu.
Kuliqiniso, inyoka ayivami ukuzibamba futhi ihlasele umuntu lapho eqala ukunganaki.
Kunokuhlukahluka okuningi phakathi kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo:
- yinde, izacile kunenyoka futhi inoshintsho olubushelelezi ukusuka emzimbeni kuye emsileni;
- amabala aphuzi agqamile ekhanda lenyoka, futhi umucu omazombezombe unwebeka emhlane wale nyoka;
- inyoka inekhanda le-oval, eline-ovoid kancane, kanti ku-viper ingunxantathu futhi ifana nomkhonto;
- izinyoka azinawo amazinyo anobuthi;
- ezinyokeni, abafundi babheka mpo noma bayindilinga (okufana nokwekati), nasezinyokeni, abafundi bayaphambana, njengezinti;
- izinyoka zidla amaxoxo, kanti izinyoka zithanda amagundane.
Eqinisweni, kunokwehluka okuningi (ngokwesibonelo, ngesikali nangesikali), kepha i-amateur ayiludingi lolu lwazi. Ngeke ubheke esikalini lapho kunosongo lokuhlaselwa yinyoka, akunjalo?
Indawo yokuhlala
Ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho, inyoka ejwayelekile ingatholakala kusuka eKarelia naseSweden kuya e-Arctic Circle, ezindaweni eziseningizimu - ogwini olusenyakatho ye-Afrika (kuze kufike eSahara). Umngcele osentshonalanga webanga ugudla iziQhingi zaseBrithani kanye neNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, kanti umngcele osempumalanga uhlanganisa iMongolia neTransbaikalia emaphakathi.
Izinyoka zizivumelanisa nanoma yimaphi amazwe, ngisho nawenziwe ngabantu, inqobo nje uma kunomzimba wamanzi onamanzi noma ogeleza kancane eduze.
Lezi zinyoka zihlala edlelweni, ehlathini, emfuleni, emfuleni, emaxhaphozini, ezintabeni, ezingadini, ezindaweni ezingahlanzekile zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zamahlathi... Lapho zihlala edolobheni, izinyoka zivame ukuzithola zingaphansi kwamasondo, njengoba zithanda ukugcwala i-asphalt. Lesi yisona sizathu esikhulu sokwehla kwenani lezinyoka endaweni enabantu abaningi, yize emhlabeni jikelele, umuntu akudingeki akhathazeke ngenani lohlobo lwazo.
Ukulindela kanye nendlela yokuphila
Ivele iphila kakhulu, kusuka eminyakeni engu-19 kuye kwengu-23, futhi isimo esiyinhloko sempilo yaso ende sithathwa njengamanzi, okuyiso esibhekele igama lesayensi lohlobo - natrix (kusuka kumaLatin natans, ahunyushwe ngokuthi "ukubhukuda").
Kuyathakazelisa!Bayaphuza futhi babhukude kakhulu, benze ukubhukuda kwebanga elide ngaphandle kwenhloso ethile. Umzila wabo uvame ukugudla ugu, noma ngabe abantu ngabanye babonwe olwandle oluvulekile nasenkabeni yamachibi amakhulu (ebangeni lamashumi amakhilomitha ukusuka ezweni).
Emanzini, isivele ihamba njengezinyoka zonke, iphakamisa intamo yayo ibheke phezulu futhi igobise umzimba wayo nomsila wayo endizeni evundlile efana negagasi. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, icwila ngokujulile, kuthi ngenkathi iphumule, ibeke phansi noma isonge isichibi esingaphansi kwamanzi.
Ifuna inyamazane ekuseni / kusihlwa, yize ukuphakama komsebenzi kwenzeka ngesikhathi sasemini. Ngosuku olucacile, umuntu ojwayelekile ubeka izinhlangothi zakhe elangeni esiqwini, etsheni, emgodini, esiqwini esinqunyiwe noma kunoma yikuphi ukuphakama okulula. Ebusuku, kukhasa kungene endaweni yokukhosela - izikhala ezivela ezimpandeni eziguquliwe, ekuqongeleleni kwamatshe noma emigodini.
Izitha zenyoka ejwayelekile
Uma inyoka ingafihli ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga, izophola ngokushesha futhi ngeke ikwazi ukuphunyula ngokushesha ezitheni zemvelo, phakathi kwazo okubonwayo:
- izilwane ezincelisayo ezidlayo ezibandakanya impungushe, inja ye-raccoon, i-weasel ne-hedgehog;
- Izinhlobo ezingama-40 zezinyoni ezinkulu (ngokwesibonelo, onogolantethe nezindwandwe);
- amagundane, kufaka phakathi amagundane;
- izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini ezifana namaxoxo namaselesele;
- i-trout (idla izilwane ezincane);
- amabhungane omhlabathi nezintuthwane (zibhubhisa amaqanda).
Izama ukubamba ukwesaba ezitheni, ifutha futhi iflathela indawo yentamo (izenza inyoka enobuthi), igoqe umzimba nge-zigzag futhi ngokuthuka isonta ukuphela komsila. Inketho yesibili ukubaleka.
Kuyathakazelisa! Sibanjwe ngezidladla zesilwane esidla imfuyo noma ezandleni zomuntu, lesi silwane esihuquzelayo sizenza sengathi sifile noma sikhipha into enukayo ekhishwe yizindlala ze-cloacal.
Izinyoka zihlala zithola ukushoda kwezindawo zokukhosela ezinokwethenjelwa, yingakho zikuthokozela ukusebenzisa izithelo zomsebenzi womuntu, ukulungisa izindlu, izindlu zezinkukhu, izindawo zokugeza, izindlu zangasese, amabhuloho, izhede, izinqwaba zomquba kanye nezindawo zokulahla udoti.
Ukudla - kudliwa yini umuntu ojwayelekile
Izintandokazi ze-gastronomic zenyoka zinesidina - lawa angamaxoxo nezinhlanzi... Ngezikhathi ezithile, kufaka phakathi ekudleni kwakhe nakwezinye izisulu zesayizi elifanele. Kungaba:
- okusha;
- amasele;
- izibankwa;
- amatshwele (awiswe esidlekeni);
- amagundane amanzi asanda kuzalwa;
- izinambuzane nezibungu zazo.
Izinyoka ziyazenyanya izidumbu futhi azizidli izitshalo, kepha ziphuza ubisi ngokuzithandela lapho zizithola zisendaweni ye-terrarium.
Lapho izingela izinhlanzi, isivele isebenzisa iqhinga lokulinda, ibambe isisulu ngokunyakaza kombani lapho ibhukuda isondele ngokwanele. Amaxoxo asevele aphishekela umhlaba, kepha awazami ngisho nokugxumela emuva ebangeni eliphephile, engaboni ingozi ebulalayo enyokeni.
Isitsha senhlanzi sesivele sigwinya ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kepha ukudla ixoxo kuvame ukunweba amahora amaningi, ngoba akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukulibamba ngqo ekhanda. Njengezinye izinyoka, isivele iyayazi indlela yokwelula umphimbo wayo, kepha ixoxo elimnyama alijahi ukungena esiswini futhi kwesinye isikhathi liphume emlonyeni liyodla. Kodwa umgwebi akakakulungeli ukudedela isisulu futhi asibambe futhi ukuze aqhubeke nokudla.
Ngemuva kwesidlo sasemini esimnandi, uhlala ngaphandle kokudla okungenani izinsuku ezinhlanu, futhi uma kunesidingo - izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kunecala elaziwayo lapho isiteleka sokuphoqa indlala sathatha izinyanga eziyi-10. Wenziwa lolu vivinyo yisazi semvelo esingumJalimane esasingasondli lesi sihloko kusuka ngoJuni kuya ku-Ephreli. Ukondliwa kokuqala kwenyoka ngemuva kwesiteleka sendlala kudlule ngaphandle kokuphambuka emgodini wamathumbu.
Inyoka yokuzala
Ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-3-4 ubudala. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ngo-Ephreli kuya kuMeyi, amaqanda abekwa ngoJulayi-Agasti... Izikhathi zemidlalo yokukhwelana ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene kungenzeka zingahambelani, kepha zihlala ziqala njalo ekupheleni kwesikhunta sokuqala sonyaka (imvamisa siguqula isikhumba sayo ngokubamba nokugaya isisulu sokuqala). Amacala wokukhwelana ekwindla aqoshwe, bese kuthi owesifazane abeke amaqanda ngemuva kobusika.
Ukuya ocansini kwandulelwe ukudideka kwezinyoka eziningana (abesifazane nabesilisa abaningi) kube "ibhola lokukhwelana", umphumela walo ukubeka amaqanda esikhumba ngobuningi kusuka kwabambalwa kuya kwabayi-100 (noma nangaphezulu).
Kuyathakazelisa!Uma zingekho izindawo ezanele ngasese endaweni yokuhlala yabantu, abesifazane benza isitoreji samaqanda ngokuhlanganyela. Abazibonele batshela ukuthi ngelinye ilanga bathola iqoqo lamaqanda ayi-1200 ehlathini (ngaphansi komnyango omdala).
Ukwakhiwa kwamatshe kufanele kuvikelwe ekomeni nasemakhazeni, lapho inyoka ifuna "incubator" enomswakama futhi efudumele, okuvamise ukuba yinqwaba yamahlamvu abolile, ungqimba oluningi lomsundu noma isiphunzi esibolile.
Njengoba ibekele amaqanda, insikazi ayizaleli inzalo, ishiye umusa wokudalelwa. Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-5-8, izinyoka ezincane ezinobude obungu-11 kuye ku-15 cm ziyazalwa, kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa zisuke zixakeke ngokuthola indawo yobusika.
Akuzona zonke izinyoka zezingane ezikwazi ukuzondla kuze kufike isimo sezulu esibandayo, kepha ngisho nezingane ezilambile ziphila ngokushisa kwasentwasahlobo, ngaphandle kokuthi zikhula kancane kancane kunodadewabo nabafowabo abondlekile.
Okuqukethwe yinyoka yendlu ejwayelekile
Izinyoka zikubekezelela ngokuphelele ukuthunjwa, zithanjiswa kalula futhi azifuneki kokuqukethwe. Badinga i-terrarium yohlobo oluvundlile (50 * 40 * 40 cm) ngemishini elandelayo:
- intambo eshisayo / umshini oshisayo wokushisa (+ 30 + 33 degrees ekhoneni elifudumele);
- i-gravel, iphepha noma ukhukhunathi we-substrate;
- indawo yokuhlala ekhoneni elifudumele (ukugcina umswakama, ifakwa ku-cuvette ene-sphagnum);
- indawo yokuhlala ekhoneni elibandayo (elomile);
- isitsha esinamanzi ukuze inyoka ibhukude lapho, ikhiye ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa, futhi ingagcini ukoma kwayo kuphela;
- UV isibani emini.
Ngezinsuku ezinelanga, ukukhanyisa okungeziwe kwe-terrarium akudingeki... Kanye ngosuku, kufuthwa ngamanzi afudumele ukuze i-sphagnum ihlale ihlale imanzi. Ukudla kwasekhaya kwenyoka kuqukethe izinhlanzi ezincane namaxoxo: kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi isisulu sikhombise izimpawu zokuphila, ngaphandle kwalokho isilwane sinokwenqaba ukudla.
Kuyathakazelisa!Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoka zijwayele ukudla okonakele. Zondla lezo esezivele zifana nezikhathi 1-2 ngesonto, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezinkulu - noma zingaphansi kakhulu. Kanye ngenyanga, izengezo zamaminerali zixutshwa ekudleni, futhi esikhundleni samanzi ajwayelekile, zinikezwa amaminerali. Amanzi okuphuza ashintshwa nsuku zonke.
Uma ufisa, inyoka ifakwa ebusika, lapho, lapho kuqala ukwindla, isikhathi sokukhanyisa / sokushisa sincishisiwe kusuka emahoreni ayi-12 kuye kwayi-4. Ngemuva kokufeza ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa ku-terrarium kuya kuma-10 + 12 degrees bese uyeka ukukhanyisa, inyoka izongena ebusika (kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezimbili). Iphupho olilingisayo lizoba nomthelela omuhle emzimbeni wesilwane esiphumule.
