Inhlwathi eluhlaza (i-Eunectes murinus) ingeye-squamous order, isigaba sezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Ukusakaza inhlwathi eluhlaza.
Inhlwathi eluhlaza itholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika. Isatshalaliswa echibini loMfula i-Orinoco empumalanga yeColombia, emgodini wase-Amazon eBrazil, nasezindaweni ezikhukhula ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka - amathafa aseVenezuela. Uhlala eParaguay, e-Ecuador, e-Argentina, eBolivia. Kutholakala eGuyana, eGuiana, eSuriname, ePeru naseTrinidad. Inani elincane le-anaconda eluhlaza litholakala eFlorida.
Indawo yokuhlala inhlwathi eluhlaza.
I-anaconda eluhlaza iyinyoka yasemanzini ehlala emanzini angajulile, ahamba kancane nezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi eziphakathi kwezingwadule ezishisayo, izimfunda namahlathi.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zenhlwathi eluhlaza.
I-anaconda eluhlaza ingeyenye yezinhlobo ezi-4 ze-constrictors, ezihlukile kwezinye izinyoka lapho engekho amathambo we-supraorbital ophahleni lwekhanda. Unozipho lwangaphandle olune-horny, okuyizinsalela ezingemuva zezitho, ezaziwa kakhulu kwabesilisa kunabesifazane.
Inhlwathi eluhlaza inolimi oluyimfoloko, olusebenzisela ukuthola inyamazane, izizukulwane zayo, futhi isiza ukuhamba emvelweni, ngokuhlangana nesitho se-tubular sikaJacobson.
Umbala we-anaconda eluhlaza ngaphezulu uvame ukuba luhlaza okomnqumo omnyama, okushintsha kancane kancane kube umbala ophuzi esifundeni sangaphakathi.
Ngemuva, kunezindawo ezinsundu eziyindilinga ezinemingcele emnyama emnyama, zisakazeke maphakathi ngemuva komzimba. Njengamanye ama-Eunectes, i-anaconda eluhlaza inezikwele ezincanyana zesisu nezikali ezincanyana ezibushelelezi. Ubukhulu bamapuleti ngaphambili komzimba wabo bukhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nosayizi wamapuleti ekugcineni kwangemuva. Isikhumba senyoka sithambile, sivulekile, futhi siyakwazi ukumelana nezikhathi ezinde emanzini. Inhlwathi eluhlaza inamakhala nameso amancane atholakala phezulu ekhanda. Inyoka ibuye ihlukaniswe ngomugqa omnyama obonakalayo we-post-orbital oqala esweni uye ekhoneni lomhlathi.
Inhlwathi eluhlaza - ingezinyoka ezinde kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ezinobude obungamamitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-12 nesisindo esifinyelela kuma-250 kg. Abesifazane, njengomthetho, bafinyelela isisindo esikhulu nobude obukhulu kunabesilisa, abesilisa banomzimba omaphakathi wamamitha ama-3 ubude, nabesifazane bangaphezu kwamamitha ayisithupha. Ubulili be-anaconda eluhlaza bunganqunywa nangosayizi we-spur osendaweni yase-cloaca. Abesilisa banama-spurs amakhulu (7.5 millimeters) kunabesifazane, ngaphandle kobude.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwenhlwathi eluhlaza.
Izinhlwathi eziluhlaza zizala zineminyaka yobudala engama-3-4.
Ukukhwelana kwenzeka ngesikhathi esomile, kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi, lapho abesilisa bethola abesifazane.
Abesilisa bangashayisana, bezama ukunqoba abaphikisi, kepha imincintiswano enjalo ayivamile. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi ivame ukubulala omunye wabalingani bayo, ngoba ayondli ngalesi sikhathi kuze kube izinyanga eziyisikhombisa. Lokhu kuziphatha kungasiza ekuzaleni inzalo. Bese kuthi abesilisa bavame ukushiya abesifazane bese bebuyela ezindaweni zabo. Izinhlwathi eziluhlaza yizinyoka ezi-ovoviviparous futhi zichamisela amaqanda izinyanga eziyi-7. Abesifazane bazala emanzini angajulile kusihlwa ekupheleni kwesikhathi semvula. Zithwala izinyoka ezincane ezingama-20 kuye kwezingu-82 futhi zizala minyaka yonke. Izinhlwathi ezincane zisheshe zizimele. Endaweni yayo yemvelo, lolu hlobo luphila ngokwesilinganiso iminyaka eyishumi. Ekuthunjweni iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu.
Izici zokuziphatha kwe-anaconda eluhlaza.
Inhlwathi eluhlaza iguquguquka kalula lapho kushintshwa indawo ezungezile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, izinyoka zingcwatshwa odakeni. Kulokhu, balinda isikhathi esomile. Izinhlwathi, ezihlala eduze nemifula, zizingela unyaka wonke, ziyasebenza kusihlwa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade ngezikhathi ezincane, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yonyaka eyomile nangesikhathi sokuzala.
Izinhlwathi eziluhlaza zinezindawo ezichazwe kahle. Ngesikhathi sonyaka owomile, indawo yokuhlala yehliselwa ku-0.25 km2. Ngesikhathi semvula, izinyoka zihlala ezindaweni eziningi ezi-0.35 km2.
Ukudla inhlwathi eluhlaza.
Izinhlwathi eziluhlaza ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye, zihlasela noma isiphi isisulu ezingazigwinya. Ziphila ngokudla izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezinomgogodla zasemhlabeni nezasemanzini: izinhlanzi, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo Babamba ama-caimans amancane, izinyoni ezincane ezinesisindo esingu-40-70 amagremu.
Izinyoka ezindala zikhulisa ukudla kwazo njengoba zikhula futhi zidla inyamazane enkulu, isisindo sayo sisuka ku-14% kuye ku-50% wesisindo sezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Izinhlwathi eziluhlaza zidla i-yakan, i-capybara, i-agouti, izimfudu. Izinyoka zisengozini enkulu ngokungenisa inyamazane enkulu, okuvame ukuholela ekulimaleni kanzima noma ngisho nasekufeni. Ezinye izinhlwathi eziluhlaza nazo zidla izidumbu ezizicosha emanzini. Kwesinye isikhathi insikazi enkulu ye-anaconda eluhlaza iyayidla eyeduna. Izinhlwathi ezinkulu zingahamba ngaphandle kokudla isonto lonke kuya enyangeni, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokudla okukhulu, ngenxa yemetabolism ephansi. Kodwa-ke, abesifazane badla kakhulu ngemuva kokuzalwa kwenzalo. Izinhlwathi eziluhlaza ziyizinto zokucasha eziyimfihlo ngendlela yokuzingela. Umbala wabo womzimba uhlinzeka ngokufihla okusebenzayo, okubavumela ukuthi bahlale bengabonakali, noma beseduze. Izinhlwathi eziluhlaza zihlasela noma ngasiphi isikhathi sosuku, zibambe inyamazane yazo ngamazinyo abukhali, agobile, ahlinzeka ngokubamba okuvikelekile, futhi zibulale isisulu ngokusikhama ngomzimba waso. Ukumelana kukhulisa kuphela ukucindezelwa, inyoka icindezela amasongo kuze kube yilapho isisulu siyeke ngokuphelele ukunyakaza. Ukufa kwenzeka ngenxa yokuboshwa kokuphefumula nokwehluleka kwegazi. Inyoka ibe isidedela kancane kancane isisulu esingenawo amandla esigaxeni sayo bese siyimunca ekhanda. Le ndlela inciphisa ukumelana nezitho lapho isisulu sigwinywe siphelele.
Okusho umuntu.
Inhlwathi eluhlaza iwukuhweba okubalulekile kwabantu bomdabu baseBrazil nasePeru. Izinganekwane zikazwelonke zithi zinezici zemilingo kulezi zinyoka, ngakho-ke izitho zezilwane ezihuquzelayo zithengiswa ngezinjongo zomkhuba. Amafutha ama-anacondas aluhlaza asetshenziswa njengomuthi wokulwa ne-rheumatism, ukuvuvukala, ukutheleleka, isifuba somoya, i-thrombosis.
Izinhlwathi ezinkulu eziluhlaza zizobhekana kahle nabantu. Kodwa-ke, abavamile ukuhlasela ngenxa yobuningi besibalo sabantu lapho bahlala khona.
Isimo sokongiwa kwenhlwathi eluhlaza.
Izinsongo ezingaba khona kwi-anaconda eluhlaza: ukubamba izinhlobo zezilwane nokuguqula izindawo. Lolu hlobo lubhalwe ku-CITES Isithasiselo II. I-Wildlife Conservation Society kanye ne-Convention ephethe i-Trade in Endangered Species sebethule iphrojekthi yeGreen Anaconda ukuze iqonde kangcono izinsongo ezingaba khona kulezi zinhlobo. Inhlwathi eluhlaza ayinaso isimo sokonga Ohlwini Olubomvu lwe-IUCN.
