I-merganser enekhala elide (Mergus serrator) ingeyomndeni wedada, i-oda le-Anseriformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-merganser enekhala elide.
I-merganser enekhala elide yidada lokuntywila. Kufana nepintail, kepha kuyabonakala ngomlomo omude omncane nomzimba wezimpaphe. Umzimba ungaba ngamasentimitha angama-58 ubude. Izimpiko ziba phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-71 kuye kwangama-86. Isisindo: 1000 - 1250 g.Umlomo ubomvu, ikhanda limnyama ngombala oluhlaza kanti ukhololo omhlophe ulinika isitayela esihlukile. Iduna laziwa kalula yi-crest ephindwe kabili ekhanda kanye nebhande elimnyama elibanzi eceleni kwe-goiter. Isifuba sinamabala, sibomvu ngokubomvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inezinhlangothi ezimhlophe ezimpunga. Kunephethini elibonakalayo lamabala ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwamaphiko. Umugqa omnyama ugijima phezulu entanyeni nasemhlane.
Izimpaphe zezinsikazi ikakhulukazi zimpunga. Ikhanda linomuthi omude ngemuva kwekhanda, opendwe ngomthunzi obomvu ompunga. Isisu simhlophe. Umbala obomvu-obomvu entanyeni ngaphandle kwemingcele ebukhali uphenduka kuqala ube mpunga, bese esifubeni ube mhlophe. Umzimba ophezulu ungwevu onsundu. "Isibuko" simhlophe, sinqunywe ulayini omnyama, ngemuva kwalokho kubonakale omunye umugqa omhlophe. Umbala wezimpaphe zesilisa ezimpapheni zasehlobo, njengaleyo yowesifazane, kuphela emuva kuphela onsundu onsundu. Umugqa wesithathu omhlophe ugijima ngaphezulu kwephiko. Ayikhombisi umugqa wokukhanya ophakathi kweso nesikhumba, idada elinalo. Iris ibomvu kowesilisa, iba nsundu kowesifazane.
Ama-mergansers amancane anezimpondo ezinde anombala wezimpaphe, ofanayo nowesifazane, kodwa i-crest yawo imfushane, yonke impaphe ingamathoni amnyama. Imilenze inombala ophuzi ngokuphuzi. Abesilisa abanonyaka owodwa banombala ophakathi nendawo phakathi kombala wabesilisa nabesifazane.
Lalela izwi le-merganser enekhala elide.
Izwi lenyoni yohlobo lwe-sergator ye-Mergus:
Izindawo zokuhlala ze-merganser enekhala elide.
Ama-mergansers anamakhala amade ahlala ngasogwini olunezinkuni zamachibi ajulile, imifula emincane nemifudlana enomsinga olinganiselayo. Kusatshalaliswe emahlathini, ezindaweni ezifudumele nasemahlathini aphansi, futhi kutholakala nasemanzini anosawoti amaningi njengamatheku angavikelekile, amatheku, imigwaqo noma izizalo ezinesihlabathi kunama-substrates anodaka. Zithanda imigudu emincane, kunezindawo ezivulekile zamanzi, zihlala eduze neziqhingi noma iziqhingana namathe, kanye nasemadwaleni aqhamukayo noma ngasogwini olunotshani.
Ngemuva kokufaka isidleke, ubusika be-merganser olwandle, bondla emanzini asogwini nasolwandle, izizalanisi, amatheku kanye namachibi anama-brackish. Ama-mergansers anamakhala amade akhetha imizimba yamanzi ehlanzekile, engajulile, lapho amagagasi amakhulu engenzi khona. Endizeni, zimisa emachibini amakhulu anamanzi angenasawoti.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-merganser enekhala elide.
Ama-mergansers anamakhala amade asakazeka ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika, bese edlulela eningizimu eGreat Lakes. Atholakala eningizimu yeNyakatho ye-Eurasia, eGreenland, e-Iceland, eGreat Britain, emazweni aseMpumalanga Yurophu. Bahlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho nasempumalanga yeChina nasenyakatho yeJapan. Indawo yasebusika inwetshiwe kakhulu futhi ifaka nogu lwe-Atlantic nePacific Ocean ngasenyakatho Melika, indawo eseCentral Europe kanye neMedithera. Ugu loLwandle Olumnyama, ingxenye eseningizimu yoLwandle iCaspian, ugu oluseningizimu yePakistan ne-Iran, kanye nezindawo ezisogwini lolwandle lwaseKorea. Ama-mergansers anamakhala amade andizela ebusika eningizimu yoLwandle iBaltic nasogwini lwaseYurophu, akha amaqoqo amakhulu.
Ukuhlalisa nokukhiqiza kabusha i-merganser enekhala elide.
Ama-mergansers anamakhala amade akhetha ukwakha izidleke osebeni lwemifula yezintaba noma eziqhingini kusuka ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi (ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ezifundeni ezisenyakatho) ngababili abahlukene noma amakoloni. Isidleke sakhiwa ebangeni elicishe libe ngamamitha angama-25 ukusuka emanzini ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Indawo ecashile itholakala ezindaweni zemvelo phansi, ngaphansi kwamatshe, ezihlahleni eziseduze kwamatshe, phakathi kwezihlahla noma ezimpandeni ezingenalutho, emigodini yezihlahla, emihosheni, ezidlekeni zokwenziwa, phakathi komhlanga noma kumata womhlanga ezintantayo. Amalahle noma izidleke zokufakelwa zisetshenziswa nomnyango onobubanzi obungu-10 cm nokudangala okungaba ngu-30-40 cm.
Kwesinye isikhathi abahlanganisi abancane bahlela isidleke phansi, basifihle ngaphansi kwezihlahla, amagatsha alenga phansi noma otshanini obukhulu.
Amadada alolu hlobo akhetha indawo eyimfihlo ukuze insikazi ehleli emaqandeni ihlale ingabonakali. Imfucumfucu ephansi neyezitshalo isetshenziswa njengolwelwesi. Isidleke sabesifazane endaweni ehlala unomphela iminyaka eminingana. Ku-clutch, kukhona amaqanda ayi-7-12 anegobolondo elikhilimu, elinsundu noma elikhilimu. Amaqanda anosayizi ongu-5.6-7.1 x 4.0–4.8 cm.Owesifazane ufukamela ibamba izinsuku ezingama-26-35. Izinkukhu zidla imifula. Abahlanganisi abasebasha ezinyangeni ezimbili ubudala benza izindiza ezizimele. Abesilisa babuthana ngemihlambi ngoJulayi futhi bandizela molt emabhishi olwandle angajulile nemifula ye-tundra. Abesilisa bavame ukugcotshwa ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke ezisehlathini. Ama-mergansers anamakhala amade ayazala ngemuva kokufinyelela eminyakeni yobudala engama-2-3.
Ukudla okunomsoco we-merganser enekhala elide.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-merganser enekhala elide ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezincane, zasolwandle noma zasemanzini angenasawoti, kanye nenani elincane lezitshalo nama-invertebrate asemanzini, njengama-crustaceans (imfanzi kanye ne-crayfish), izibungu, izibungu zezinambuzane. Emanzini angajulile, amadada adla emihlambini, ahlele ukuzingelwa ngokuhlangene kwezinhlanzi ezithosiwe. Ebusika, ama-mergansers anezimpondo ezinde andizela emilonyeni yemifula nasogwini lwamatheku angajulile.
Izici zokuziphatha kwe-merganser ekhaleni elide.
AbakwaMergansers abanezimpondo ezinde yizinyoni ezifuduka ngokuphelele, yize ezindaweni ezifudumele benza uhambo olufushane oluya emaphethelweni aseduze noma bahlala ezindaweni zokudla unyaka wonke. Izinyoni ezindala zivame ukubuthana emabhishi lapho inkathi yokuzala iphela.
Izizathu zokwehla kwenani le-merganser enekhala elide.
Ama-mergansers anamakhala amade ayinto yokuzingelwa futhi angadutshulwa abuye. Izinyoni zizingelwa eNyakatho Melika naseDenmark, yize lolu hlobo aluthandwa kakhulu ekuzingeleni imidlalo. Abalimi bezinhlanzi nabadobi basola lolu hlobo lokuqeda izinhlanzi.
Ama-mergansers anamakhala amade nawo awela ngephutha abhajwe emanetheni okudoba.
Izinguquko zokuzala, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukonakaliswa kwendawo okuhlala kuyo, ukungcoliswa kwemizimba yamanzi yizona ezisongela lezi zinhlobo. Ama-mergansers anamakhala amade nawo angabanjwa umkhuhlane wezinyoni, ngakho-ke ukuqubuka okusha kwalesi sifo kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu. Isimo sokonga se-merganser enekhala elide.
I-merganser enekhala elide ivikelwe yi-EU Birds Directive Appendix II. Ubuningi bokuzalana kwalezi zinhlobo kuye kwanda eziqhingini ezingaphandle kweziqhingi eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeFinland ngenxa yokususwa kwe-mink yase-feral yaseMelika. Ukuze kugcinwe lezi zinhlobo, izidleke zokufakelwa zibekwa ezindaweni ezifanele lapho izinyoni zizalela khona. Ukulandelwa okuqinile komthetho wokubholwa kanye nokuthuthwa kwemikhiqizo kawoyela ezindaweni ezisogwini kuyadingeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukubanjwa kwezinhlanzi ezithosiwe. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela izinguquko endaweni yokuhlala ziyizindawo ezibalulekile zokuvikela i-merganser enekhala elide.
