Ngenkathi befunda izinsalela zamathambo ezitholwe ngesikhathi kumbiwa eDenisova Cave (Altai), ososayensi bathola ithambo elilodwa, okwathi, ngokwesilwane, esiyingqayizivele.
Lesi silwane kwavela isidalwa esingajwayelekile esifana nembongolo nedube ngasikhathi sinye - okuthiwa ihhashi lase-Ovodov. Lesi silwane sasihlala kule ndawo cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu edlule ngasikhathi sinye nabantu basendulo. Lokhu kubikwa yi-SB RAS "Science in Siberia".
Udumo lomhlaba "lwawela" emgedeni waseDenisov ngo-2010, ngemuva kokuthi abavubukuli bathole izinsalela zomuntu kuwo. Kamuva, kwavela ukuthi izinsalela kwakungezomuntu ongaziwa kuze kube manje, owaqanjwa ngokuthi "uDenisovsky" ngokuhlonipha lo mhume. Ngokuya ngemininingwane etholakalayo kuze kube manje, iDenisovan yayiseduze namaNeanderthal, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, inezici eziningi kakhulu zohlobo lwesimanje lomuntu. Kukhona ukusikisela ukuthi okhokho babantu banamuhla bahlangana namaDenisovans futhi bakha kabusha eChina nasethafeni laseTibetan. Ubufakazi balokhu yisakhi sofuzo esivamile sabantu baseTibet naseDenisovans, esivumela ukuba badlulise impilo ngempumelelo ezindaweni eziphakeme.
Empeleni, kwakungamathambo amaDenisovites ayenentshisekelo kakhulu kososayensi, futhi akekho owayelindele ukuthola ithambo lamahhashi lika-Ovodov phakathi kwezinsalela. Lokhu kwenziwe ososayensi abavela kwa-IMKB (Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology) SB RAS.
Njengoba umlayezo usho, indlela yesimanjemanje yokulandelana, ukunothisa imitapo yolwazi yokulandelana nezingcezu ezifunwayo, kanye nokuhlangana ngokucophelela kofuzo lwe-mitochondrial kwenza kwaba okokuqala ngqa emlandweni wesayensi ukuthola i-genome ye-mitochondrial yehhashi i-Ovodov. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukufakazela ngokuthembekile ukutholakala kwensimu ye-Altai yanamuhla yommeleli womndeni we-equidae, ongowenhlobo engaziwa ngaphambili.
Njengoba ososayensi bachazile, ngokombono wokubukeka, ihhashi lika-Ovodov lalibukeka njengamahhashi anamuhla. Kunalokho, kwakuyisiphambano phakathi kwedube nembongolo.
Ngokusho kwabasebenzi be-IMKB SB RAS, ukutholakala abakwenzile kufakazela ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi i-Altai ibibonakala ngokuhlukahluka okukhulu kakhulu kwezinhlobo kunezikhathi zethu. Kungenzeka ukuthi abantu base-Altai lasendulo, kubandakanya nendoda kaDenisov, bazingela ihhashi lika-Ovodov. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izazi zezinto eziphilayo zaseSiberia azikhawulelwanga ekutadisheni izinsalela zamathambo zamahhashi ase-Altai kuphela. Imisebenzi yabo ibandakanya ukutadisha izilwane zezwe laseYurophu iRussia, iMongolia neBuryatia. Phambilini, i-genome yama-mitochondrial engaphelele yehhashi u-Ovodov waseKhakassia, obudala bakhe bekuyiminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingama-48, sekuphenyiwe. Ngemuva kokuthi ososayensi beqhathanise ufuzo lwehhashi eMgedeni waseDenisova, babona ukuthi lezi zilwane zivela enhlotsheni efanayo. Iminyaka yehhashi lika-Ovodov elisuka eDenisova Cave okungenani iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingama-20.
Ngokokuqala ngqa lesi silwane sichazwa ngo-2009 ngumvubukuli waseRussia N.D. I-Ovodov isuselwa ezintweni ezitholakala ku-Khakassia. Phambi kwakhe kwakucatshangwa ukuthi izinsalela zaleli hhashi zazingezika-kulan. Ngenkathi kwenziwa ukucubungula okwedlulele kokuziphatha nokwakheka kwezakhi zofuzo, kwacaca ukuthi le ndawo yokubuka imibono yayingalungile futhi ososayensi babebhekene nezinsalela zeqembu eliphindayo lamahhashi asendulo ayexoshwa ezindaweni eziningi ngamahhashi afana netarpan noma ihhashi likaPrzewalski.
