I-Hawk buzzard (Butastur indicus) ingeka-oda le-Falconiformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zeklebe
I-Hawk buzzard inobungako obucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-46 namaphiko ingamasentimitha ayi-101 - 110. Isisindo sayo singama-375 - 433 amagremu.
Lesi silwane esidliwayo esinezimpaphe ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi sinomfanekiso ovelele wesimo sokuma, esinokugoba okuphansi komzimba, amaphiko amade, umsila onqenqemelele kakhulu nemilenze ezacile. Umbala wezimpaphe zezinyoni ezindala unsundu onsundu phezulu, kodwa ubukeka ubomvana emisebeni yokukhanya. Ngaphezulu kwezimpaphe ezinemithambo emincane emnyama nokumenyezelwa okukhulu okumhlophe kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Isikhungo sebunzi, isigqoko, izinhlangothi ezinamakhanda, intamo nengxenye engaphezulu yesembatho ikakhulu mpunga. Umbala womsila uyehluka kusuka konsundu kuya kokumpunga nsundu ngemigqa emithathu emnyama. Zonke izimpaphe eziyinhloko ezingenakubalwa zimnyama.
Kukhona indawo emhlophe e-wavy ngemuva kwekhanda, kukhona okumhlophe okuncane emaphethelweni ebunzi Umphimbo umhlophe qwa, kepha imivimbo emaphakathi nengemuva imnyama. Kunemigqa ebanzi emhlophe nensundu esifubeni, esiswini, ezinhlangothini nasemathangeni. Zonke izimpaphe ezingaphansi komsila zicishe zibe mhlophe. Izimpaphe zezimbungulu ezincane zama-hawk zinemigqa esinsundu kakhulu enokugqanyiswa okumpunga nokubomvu. Ibunzi limhlophe, amashiya anamahlathi ngaphezulu kwezihlathi kanye nolwelwesi olubonakalayo olubabazekayo.
Ezinyonini ezindala, i-iris iphuzi. I-wax iphuzi ngokusawolintshi, imilenze iphaphathekile ngokukhanyayo. Kuma-hawk abancane, amehlo anombala onsundu noma ophuzi ngokukhanyayo. I-wax iphuzi.
Indawo lapho kuhlala khona oklebe
I-hawk buzzard ihlala emahlathini axubene nezihlahla ze-coniferous nezihlahla ezinamaqabunga abanzi, kanye nasezihlahleni ezivulekile eziseduze. Kwenzeka emifuleni noma eduze kwamaxhaphozi nezimbumbulu. Ithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezimagebhugebhu, phakathi kwamagquma, emithambekeni yezintaba eziphansi nasezigodini.
Ubusika emasimini elayisi, ezindaweni ezinamahlathi ampofu nasemathafeni anezitendi zehlathi ezingatheni. Kubonakala ezindaweni eziphansi nasogwini. Isakazeka kusuka olwandle kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-1,800 noma amamitha ayi-2 000.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwezimbungulu ze-hawk
UHawk-hawk ungowokuzalwa ezwenikazi lase-Asia. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, itholakala endaweni ebizwa nge-Eastern Palaearctic. Ihlala eMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia kuze kufike eManchuria (izifundazwe zaseChina zaseHeilongkiang, Liaoning naseHebei). Indawo yokwakha izidleke iyaqhubeka enyakatho yeNhlonhlo YaseKorea naseJapan (enkabeni yesiQhingi saseHonshu, kanye naseShikoku, eKyushu naseIzushoto).
I-hawk hawk overwinters eningizimu yeChina eTaiwan, emazweni akade eyi-Indochina, kufaka phakathi iBurma, Thailand, iPeninsula yaseMalay, iziQhingi zeGreat Sunda kuya eSulawesi nasePhilippines. Ngaphandle kwendawo enkulu yokusatshalaliswa, lolu hlobo lubhekwa njenge-monotypique futhi alwakhi ama-subspecies.
Izici zokuziphatha kukaklebe oklebe
Ama-Hawk buzzards ahlala yedwa noma ngababili ngesikhathi sokudlela noma ngesikhathi sasebusika. Ngendlela, eningizimu yeJapane, bakha izindawo zokuhlala ezingamakhulu amaningana noma ngisho nezinkulungwane zezinyoni ezihlangana ezindlini noma ezindaweni zokuphumula. Izimbungulu ze-Hawk zifuduka ngamaqoqo amancane entwasahlobo nangamaqembu amakhulu ekwindla. Lezi zinyoni zishiya izindawo zazo zokwakha izidleke kusukela maphakathi nenyanga kaSepthemba kuya ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, zindiza zinqamula eningizimu yeJapane, iziqhingi zaseNansei ziye ngqo eTaiwan, ePhilippines naseSulawesi. Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-hawk hawk.
Ama-Hawk buzzards ekuqaleni kwesizini yokwakha izidleke enza izindiza ezinde eziyindilinga zodwa noma ngababili.
Zihambisana nokunyakaza emoyeni ngokukhala okungapheli. Okunye ukuhamba akubonwa kulolu hlobo lwezinyoni ezidla inyama.
Ama-Hawk buzzards azala ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Zakha isidleke ngamahlumela agxishwe ngokunganaki, amahlumela, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izingongolo zomhlanga. Ububanzi besakhiwo buhluka kusuka kumasentimitha angama-40 kuye kwangama-50. Ngaphakathi kukhona ulwelwesi lwamaqabunga aluhlaza, utshani, izinaliti zikaphayini, imichilo yamagxolo. Isidleke sisezingeni eliphakathi kwamamitha ayisihlanu kuya kwayi-12 ngaphezulu komhlaba, imvamisa esihlahleni se-coniferous noma esihlala siluhlaza. Insikazi izalela amaqanda ama-2 - 4 bese ifukamela izinsuku ezingama-28 kuye kwezingu-30. Izinyoni ezincane ziyashiya esidlekeni ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-34 noma ezingama-36.
Ukondla ama-lobe
Ama-Hawk buzzard adla kakhulu amaxoxo, izibankwa nezinambuzane ezinkulu. Izinyoni zizingela emaxhaphozini nasezindaweni ezomile. Ziphila ngokudla izinyoka ezincane, izinkalankala namagundane. Bheka inyamazane etholakala emphemeni yokubuka ehlelwe esihlahleni esomile noma esigxotsheni se-telegraph, esikhanyiswe kahle yimisebe yelanga. Ukusuka ekuqamekeleni bacwila phansi ukuze babambe isisulu. Zisebenza ikakhulukazi ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Izizathu zokwehla kwenani lama-hawk buzzards
Inani lezimbungulu ze-hawk lishintshe kakhulu. Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, lolu hlobo lwezinyoni ezidla inyama lwaluthathwa njengelincane kakhulu eNingizimu Primorye. Ngemuva kwalokho i-hawk buzzard isakazeka kancane kancane esifundeni sase-Ussuri emgodini we-Lower Amur naseKorea. Ukwanda kwamanani kuphelelwe yisikhathi ekuthuthukisweni okunamandla kweMpumalanga Ekude yaseRussia, okwaholela ekubonakaleni kwezimo ezikahle zokukhiqizwa kabusha kokhukhwi lweklebe. Lokhu kwenziwa lula ukwanda kwesibalo sezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini nokutholakala kwezindawo ezifanele ukwakhelwa izidleke - amahlathi aphezulu anamaphoyisa, amadlelo, izingilazi namadlelo.
Ngama-70s okuqala, kwaba nokwehla okusabalele enanini lezinyoni ezidla inyama, okwabangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
Mhlawumbe, ukudubula kwezinyoni okuyizilwane ngesikhathi sokufuduka nakho kuthintekile.
Kodwa-ke, naseJapane, lapho kunocwaningo oluningi ngebhayoloji ye-hawk lobe, imininingwane ngenani labantu bezinhlobo ezithile kanye namaqembu ahlukahlukene abantu ayitholakali. Ukugxila kwezinyoni eziyizinkulungwane eziningana, ezitholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeKuyshu ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ngemuva kwedatha engachazwanga, ubukhulu bendawo okuhlala kuyo amakhilomitha-skwele ayi-1,800,000 kanti inani lezinyoni lilonke, yize lehla, lingaphezu kwabantu abayi-100,000.
I-Hawk buzzard ibhalwe ku-CITES Isithasiselo 2. Lolu hlobo luvikelwe Isithasiselo 2 seBonn Convention. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kushiwo kuSithasiselo sezivumelwano zamazwe amabili eziphethwe yiRussia neJapan, iRiphabhlikhi yaseKorea kanye ne-DPRK mayelana nokuvikelwa kwezinyoni ezifudukayo. Inani lezwekazi libhekene nesimo esidabukisayo; eJapane, i-hawk buzzard isesimweni esichumayo.
